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Through detailed investigation to development status of grouting technique, summarizes the classification of geotechnical grouting technology, selection of materials grouting, Finally, by anchoring engineering and tunneling engineering described in detail grouting process，grouting order, grouting parameters and grouting end standard in the geotechnical engineering application，This research has practical guidance and theoretical reference value for similar projects.

We selected a typical filter material for high voltage electrostatic filter composite horizontal collector. Air filter can achieve high speed. It cost very low and can endure high temperature resistance. Removal of fine particles of dust effect is good. Solving the complex problems of higher smoke temperature conditions of traditional bag house can not handle, while reducing the dust collector investment cost, promote the development of China's dust remover industry.

A three dimensional computational model is established for the analysis of loads and response of flexible riser in a wave-current coexisting environment. The viscid fluid is assumed incompressible. The flow field is described by continuity equation and Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes equations and solved with the discretization of Finite-Volume Method. The structure responses are analyzed employing finite element method based on three dimensional solid element. The loads and response are calculated through the CFD module System Coupling in software package ANSYS14.5. The results show that the vibration equilibrium position of riser offsets along with the direction of current when wave and current are in the same direction, the response of the riser is larger than that only in wave, the vibration amplitude increases with the current and the results are opposite to the above when wave and current has the opposite direction.

The system damping of electric power systems is influenced by factors of many aspects. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of speed control system on the damping of the whole system in consideration of the Pole-Zero Analysis. The result shows that simple speed control would damp the oscillation, while the power-frequency control would excite the oscillation. Furthermore, the effect of steam turbine response rate on the system damping is analyzed. The time constant of hydraulic servo-motor would determine the response rate of the steam turbine, and as a result, an inflection point exists on the curve which describes the relationship between hydraulic servo-motor time constant and system damping. The result demonstrates that the characteristics of system damping can be used in parameter debugging of steam turbine.

One of the most important parts in the energy feedback electronic loads is the grid-connected inverter, and its function is to feed the detected electrical energy back to the grid for saving energy. In this paper, the principe of the grid-connected inverter is elaborated, then the PI control and the LCL filter are selected, the mathematical model was set up and the feed forward control voltage was added that suppressing the influence on the system produced by the grid disturbance. The simulation was conducted with the help of Matlab/Simulink, from the simulation waveforms it can be seen that the system dynamic and static performance was good, meanwhile electrical energy can be fed to the grid in the way of unit power factor, eventually the feasibility and superiority of the designing scheme is confirmed.

Modern urban water conservancy construction is supposed to keep "people and water in harmony" as the goal; the urban water conservancy project functions in flood control, drainage as its basics , meantime, it should also play social roles of ecological environment, landscape in the project. This article takes Heigangkou Reservoir ecological environment construction in Kaifeng as an example, briefly introducing the plane of its ecological management of the status quo, the revetment type design, and putting forwards some new ecological revetment structure materials and technologies.

According to the contradiction between the large stroke and high precision of positioning mechanism, in order to solve the high precision positioning problem of large stroke motion system in precision machining and precision measurement fields, the macro-micro positioning mechanism based on electrohydraulic-piezoelectric hybrid servo was presented with the advantages of the electrohydraulic servo driven and the piezoelectric precision driven. Its combined simulation model based on AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink software was built. On this basis, its fuzzy PID control simulation research was done. The simulation results showed that compared with traditional PID, the positioning mechanism static and dynamic performance could be improved by using the fuzzy control method. This will provide control theoretical basis for practical engineering applications.

Apply optimization method to reduce the startup time can improve the maneuverability of vessel and reduce the operation cost of the unit. In this paper, a boiler system model was developed to capture system dynamic and the variety of stress based on the multi-domain modeling language Modelica, then the optimization model was built taking minimize the start-up time as optimization targets, constrained on the thermal and mechanical stress. The optimization process was performed on the platform of JModelica.org, exploiting the direct collocation method. Fuel quantity curve of the start up phase was optimized. Using the optimized fuel quantity curve, the boiler startup time could be reduced without reducing the drum boiler life.

In order to accomplish navigation and path planning, map building is the key technology and fundamental problem in mobile robotic control in unknown environment. In this paper the topological map is built based on the grid map by using a thinning algorithm. The environment is modeled in grid map, next the thinning algorithm is applied in the map, and then the effective topological information is extracted. Simulation results show that the topological map based on thinning is clear and succinct, and it also avoids producing unnecessary nodes and paths. This topological map stores much less information which will improve the ability of autonomous operation, navigation and path planning further.

Transmission lines pass through various types of regions in China and some of that are corrosive. The foundation concrete of transmission lines in corrosive environments had shown serious deterioration, which usually caused by concrete deterioration, rebar corrosion, degradation of bond strength between rebar and concrete due to various corrosive effects. There are salt lake areas in west China where some power transmission channels pass through. Field tests are carried out in Golmud area to research the durability of foundation concrete of transmission lines. And test results show that the concrete strength in the air is higher than underground and the carbonation depth of the foundation concrete decreases with the increase of concrete compressive strength.

The gravity data from 1998 to 2012 in eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau was processed to analysis the relation between gravity field and earthquake activities. The results show that long period gravity change appears to be concentrated in regions with active faults, and short term variation may be affected by change of the active tectonic in eastern margin of Tibet plateau that due to energy release and adjustment after Wenchuan Ms 7.9 and Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake. Specifically, gravity field alternated with positive and negative from 2010 to 2011 reflects viscoelastic properties of coseismic deformation after Wuchuan earthquake; a restorational change from negative to positive during 2011-2012 provides support crust tectonics exists strain accumulate and release stage in regions.

With the constant development of the securities market, securities investment is the core topic, and how to choose from a wide range of securities, is always a difficult problem in front of investors. This paper introduces the basic concept of genetic algorithm, to all parts of the genetic algorithm and genetic algorithm based model has made the detailed introduction. Combining genetic algorithm and portfolio, this paper puts forward the model based on genetic algorithm, the securities investment, through carried on the thorough research of securities investment model, and considering the modern portfolio theory in our country is practical, which is based on short-selling restrictions, transaction cost limit and the smallest unit of trading limit proposed portfolio selection model with investment restrictions.

This paper analyzed the influence of various turbine parameters on the low-frequency oscillation using Simulink, including the oil motive slide valve time constant, the volume time constant, power grid damping factor, power grid power factor, self-balancing rotor coefficient etc. Meanwhile, comparing the influence of the pure speed regulator and power-frequency regulation on low-frequency oscillations, proven that power-frequency regulation will exacerbate the low frequency oscillation.

A new oscillation criterion is established for a certain class of second-order nonlinear differential equation x"(t)-b(t)x'(t)+c(t)g(x)=0, x"(t)+c(t)g(x)=0 that is different from most known ones. Some applications of the result obtained are also presented. Our results are sharper than some previous ones.

This paper proposes an incomplete GEI gait recognition method based on Random Forests. There are numerous methods exist for git recognition,but they all lead to high dimensional feature spaces. To address the problem of high dimensional feature space, we propose the use of the Random Forest algorithm to rank features' importance . In order to efficiently search throughout subspaces, we apply a backward feature elimination search strategy.This demonstrate static areas of a GEI also contain useful information.Then, we project the selected feature to a low-dimensional feature subspace via the newly proposed two-dimensional locality preserving projections (2DLPP) method.Asa sequence,we further improve the discriminative power of the extracted features. Experimental results on the CASIA gait database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

With a logical reasoning-realistic analysis binding methodology and the theories of internet of things and supply chain management, probes into the development trend of productive materials terminal distribution. From three perspectives, value process, technical platform and node selection, the research indicates the operation mechanism of terminal distribution, providing a theoretical support for dual promotion of efficiency and effectiveness in terminal logistics of productive materials.

It is the status quo that the data from different earthquake emergency software applications cannot be exchanged and shared. The diverse business applications were constructed and operated in different earthquake departments. The construction scheme of the software framework based on WebService data exchange technology was proposed in this paper. To realize the system integration, several software design patterns, such as the observer pattern and the factory pattern, and the WebService technology was used. The earthquake emergency response system based on this architecture could make use of the data from other heterogeneous systems efficiently and automatically. As a result, the process of the earthquake emergency response and the decision-making would be more cooperative, scientific and comprehensive.

The plane finite element analysis is mostly adopted in soft rock tunnel excavation instead of three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis at present, but almost every underground engineering is a spatial nonlinear problem which, in many cases, cannot be simplified into a plane problem. This paper presents a three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis of incremental variable plastic in soft rock tunnel excavation, through analyzing the tunnel excavation and support, and combining the incremental variable plastic stiffness method into three-dimensional elastic-plastic model in light of the advantage of increment variable stiffness method and the incremental additional load method. Simulation results show that, the three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis model presented in this paper changes little final deformation under different load release coefficients, together with small support stress.

Previous papers which researched the effects of spray angle were mainly focused on the influence of spray angle on the performance and emissions of diesel engine. Few papers clarified the effect of spray angle on the airflow in detail. Airflow and turbulence have a significant influence on the combustion and distribution of emissions.The effects of spray angle on the flow, combustion and emissions of diesel engine were studied in this paper by a numerical simulation method. The results indicated that the spray angle had an obvious impact on the vortex and turbulence. The distribution of high temperature areas and emissions depend on the vortex and turbulence. With the increase of spray angle, the maximum cylinder pressure and temperature increase gradually. The heat release rate increases with the increase of spray angle. The CO and soot emissions were the lowest when the spray angle is 155°, however, the NOx emissions was the highest at that spray angle.

Press roller is a commonly used tool for compacting soil to a suitable compactness. An ideal press roller should be able to ensure a low adhesion and rolling resistance in a suitable compaction. However, in tillage operation, the phenomenon of soil adhesion occurred widely when press roller worked. In this research, the ventral surface of dung beetles was taken as the bionic prototype and bionic ridged geometric structure press rollers were designed using ultra high molecular weight polyethylene material. Under the same testing conditions, press rollers with different geometrical details were conducted to examine the effect of ridge section diameter, ridge height to diameter ratio and the number of ridges along the circumference of the rollers on rolling resistance and soil adhesion. The results showed that the all bionic rollers exhibited lower adhesion than a conventional roller. While, only ridged bionic roller with suitable size could reduce rolling resistance. The bionic roller with the ridge diameter of 40 mm, dimensionless ratio of height to diameter of 0.5, the number of 12 indicated the lowest resistance in this work, 25 % lower than conventional roller.

The similarity phenomenon exists widely in nature and similarity theory is of importance in various types of engineering problems, especially in bionic engineering. In this work,a conception of fuzzy similarity was introduced. An effective mathematical method was put forward to identify the extent of morphological similarity between two living things of the homogenous species or the heterogeneous species and quantitative analysis of the similarity degree was carried out. A computer program based on the genetic algorithm was developed to solve and optimize the numerical scaling coefficient between an original profile data and a target one. To seek the maximum fuzzy similarity degree, an object function which is the core idea in this method was built to compute the similarity coefficient according to the corresponding points in these two sample profiles. Moreover, a series of arrays from the profiles of the foreleg of praying mantis (Mantis religiosa Linnaeus) was imported into the program. The results indicated the fuzzy similarity degree of samples was considerably high, which means the shape of the praying mantiss apical claw is quite uniform. Therefore, this computation method of similarity degree is effective.

With the development of highway and railway, the construction technique of bridge is developing at a lighting speed. Because of the need to across the river and channel, which span getting more and more large, the foundation of the bridge piers should be more and more stable. Lead to raising the load capacity of the pier foundation. The technique cofferdam construction is an effective mean to solve large foundation problems in deep water. And comparing the empirical value to the simulating value, the results demonstrate FLUENT is a reliable program to simulate the water resistance. This paper gives a model for complete resistance calculation and stability analysis of floating steel cofferdam which will provide a template for similar analysis of engineering application.

The paper discussed the working principle of the hydraulic brake system, and built a model in the simulation by using AMESim to analyze performance of this system. The paper also established a test bench of hydraulic brake system, and the test result coincided with the consequence of simulation, thus to prove the simulation model and method reasonable. This simulation can shorten design cycle of hydraulic brake system apparently, and it contributes a good method to assistant brake system design.

The fundamental theory about the constitutive relationship of hyperelastic model has been introduced and the model of super-elastic coating has been simulated in this paper. The static stiffness of different coating thickness has been calculated considering the hyperelasticy and viscoelasticity. Through the studying, because of the increasing of deformation, the compression static stiffness of the hyperelastic coating will be increased; while the tension static stiffness of the hyperelastic coating will be decreased. Moreover, the static stiffness is only related to the relative deformation not the absolute deformation.

Oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion of Macadamia integrifoblia oil was prepared. The nanoemulsion with the minimum diameter (22.13 nm) would be gained at the ratio of surfactant (Tween-80): cosurfactant (olive oil): oil phase (ethanol)=9:2:1, 86.4% distributing between 10~30 nm, spherical. The Macadamia integrifoblia oil nanoemulsion was still clarity, homogeneous and stable after the stability tests.

This paper studies of laser parameters for color marking on AISI 304 stainless steel by using Nd:YAG laser. Different laser parameters can affect metal color profoundly. The experiment focuses on some key parameters, and their optimum laser parameters are as follows: the vector step 0.005mm~0.010mm, the inter-step time 35μs~60μs, laser Q frequency 2KHz~4KHz, laser Q release time 10μs~20μs, scanning space 0.006mm~0.010mm. It is of significance in guiding practical application of laser color marking.

Old buildings surface cracks are more obvious with the accumulation of its disrepair, which will impact aesthetics, durability and even threaten the safety of persons and properties if feature values surpass the security thresholds. In this paper, firstly, the algorithm of the improved Canny operator gray threshold edge detection and location, based on traditional differential operators and sub-pixel positioning algorithms, achieve coarse location, furthermore, the sub-pixel location algorithm of Gaussian curve fitting based on neighbor gradient features realize sub-pixel precision positioning. Finally, crack features are calculated and comparative analysis through the measurement algorithm. The experiments prove the algorithms possess high accuracy and feasibility with important application values of assessment, identification and maintenance.

Based on the protection and reconstruction of the ancient community and regarding the "culture inheritance" and "mixed-use" as a core, this paper will study the modification principle in terms of the reconstruction of wall area, the design of public recreational center, the reconstruction of reserved dwellings and the design of newly-built dwellings. Space utilization, improvement of public service facilities, combination of basic house type unit and the harmony of ancient and newly-built construction are the key part of the principle. Through the description of current cultural conservation status, this paper analyze the generation motivation of China's ancient community functional mixed paradigm and culture clues, summarize the evolution of spatial pattern of Shengzhou with its geographic-specific properties and propose an updated protection strategies in order to achieve fundamental purpose "old community, new life".

This paper, based on the marine characteristics of "mixed industrial development", is intended to elaborate the cause of mixed residential construction, and analyze the characteristics of traditional fishermen's houses. Led by the art, restaurant and hotel industries, this mode builds mixed residential-type paradigm based on industry characteristics, thus forms the variable mixed residential-type mechanism. Furthermore, it also takes energy-saving technology optimization measures to promote the development of mixed residential-type paradigm with geographical features through the promotion mechanism and regulation, thereby providing constructive strategies for the mixed residential-type development of island.

Historic district is a main carrier of urban context. So from the perspective of mixed organization of public space, on the one hand, this paper analyzes the space features and mechanism of commercial pedestrian street by comparing Hefang Street with Xinyifang, these two representative historic districts in Hangzhou, in three aspects of location characteristic, function composition and space mode; on the other hand, with the investigation and analysis of users demand and satisfaction, this paper explores characteristics of using mixed vitality in optimizing the space mode of commercial pedestrian street of Hangzhou historic district. Finally, the space mode optimization strategy on regional characteristics is provided to further improve Hangzhou historical and cultural characteristics and public space vitality.

Based on the operation and management of complex modern city exhibition in the mixed-use mode and setting the urban planning exhibition hall of Hangzhou as an example, this paper clearly define the developing mode that planning exhibition hall is the cultural media of city construction and public leisure venues. On one hand, by the analysis of the function of Hangzhou urban planning exhibition hall, presenting the modern and advance Hangzhou urban planning exhibition hall actively and optimizing and expanding venue function such as the deployment of functional areas, the form of exhibition and the content of exhibition, we advocate a "people-oriented, interactive and propagandistic" operation mode and institution management; on the other hand, via the arrangement of the representative and characterized content in Hangzhou urban construction achievements, it actively guides the sustainable development of the Hangzhou urban planning hall in the future.

In molecular biology, analytical chemistry and medical tests, liquid level detection is the key to automatic pipetting. In this paper a liquid level detection system for automatic pipetting is studied. Liquid level is detected by capacitor sensor, the pepitting tip capacitor sensor model is proposed. The liquid level detection circuit based on Digital Signal Processor is assembled in automatic ELISA instrument. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of this liquid level detection system.

The development of Web Service technology provided an innovational way for data sharing and system integration. The Service-oriented architecture (SOA) dedicated to solve the data operating and sharing between heterogeneous systems. In this paper, an earthquake disaster assessment system was built on the SOA point of view. It integrated the GIS operation and the Web Services for data accessing. With the integration of the services from outside of the system, several of data was available for mapping. The system was used in earthquake emergency response. With the usage of the data from the different system, the earthquake disaster assessment model worked more effective.

In order to reduce the power consumption of household appliances resulted from standby; an intelligent wireless remote terminal assembly is hereby designed on the basis of such chips as MSP430F4152, HCS301, TDH6301 and so on. This paper introduces MSP430F4152 as a core processing chip, and a scheme integrating wireless control with intelligent control is adopted. The scheme presents power circuit, wireless transmission and receiving circuit, sensor circuit, keystroke and LCD display, etc, as well as master control program, which are characterized of great function, convenient application, high safety factor, low power consumption and so on, and can be applied in many places.

In the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay(ELISA) test, automatic pipetting for liquid samples is key factor to improve test efficiency and quality. In this paper, a multi-channel pipetting system used to perform pipetting and incubation automatically is constructed, which is equipped with three-dimensional motion platform and four pipetting channel. The system contains electronic control system based on DSP, which communicates with ELISA host software by USB. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of this multi-channel pipetting system.

In the rotor field oriented vector control system, the use of permanent magnet synchronous motor voltage equations and flux equations derived PMSM position and speed estimation method has its unique advantages, The advantage of this approach is to calculate a simple, fast dynamic response, and easy to implement. However, when permanent magnet synchronous motor running at low speed, back EMF would be very small, which can not guarantee the accuracy of estimates. In addition, the position and speed estimation parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor is largely in dependence on the running status of permanent magnet synchronous motor ,and vulnerable to temperature and magnetic saturation phenomena.All of these elements will lead to error increase. In order to solve the problem of inaccuracy in parameters estimation of motors at low speed, PI controller is introduced to obtain the rotor speed information, and then make up for deficiencies in the estimation algorithm. At the same time, this method can be applied to achieve smooth switching of high speed switching of the motor.

An intelligent method based on multi-sensor information fusion is put forward to resolve the problem lay in hydraulic system fault diagnosis. Determining how to choose sensors used for information acquisition is the main objective. Test signal directed graph and dependency matrix model are established to realize optimal design oriented by the maximum failure information entropy.

With the rapid development of high-speed railway in China, the aerodynamic brake is very likely to be an important emergency braking mode of high-speed train in the future. This paper takes aerodynamic braking wing as the object, and uses the finite element software to divide the meshes, then analyses the model influenced by static stress. After simulating the vibratory frequency response of the model in the flow field, it finds that the largest deformation happens in the middle of the upper edge of the wind wing, when the wind speed gets to 500km/h and the load frequency to 4Hz. Some conclusions of this thesis can provide reference for researching the applying the aerodynamic brake in the high-speed trains and laying the foundation for solving the riding and braking safety problems.

Indoor model experiments were made to study drag loads on two piles of side-by-side arrangements in the uniform flow. Take three different velocities of the flow, three different diameters of piles and five different distances of two piles in the experiments to get the variations of loads. Drag forces were measured by a two-component balance. Analysis on experiment results shows that drag forces increase with the increase of the pile diameter, the increase of the flow velocity and the decrease of the distance of two piles. The drag coefficient CDunder different Reynolds numbers shows the same change law. The drag coefficient CDdecreases with the increase of the distance of two piles and has good coherence to the ratio of the distance of two piles to the pile diameter.

The mixed-use development is the significant characteristic in every step of human settlement envelopment in Southeast China. With the carrier of local professional market, work-live community forms the mixed-use pattern. This papers expects to propose the important significance of professional market settlements development with Chinese characteristic throughout analyzing the mixed-use in professional market to set the construct and evaluation work-living complex. Xiaoshang Commercial Town will be used as a example to slove the applicability regulations to mixed-use space .

The dynamical model of an omni-directional mobile robot is bulit based on the Newtonian mechanics. Correspondingly, a backstepping-based controller is then proposed with proven global stability by selecting a Lyapunov function and introducing a virtual control input for the built dynamical model. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Preparation of porous ceramic body foamed by microbe is prone to structure defects such as inequality of pore size and distribution, crack, contraction deformation, etc. Four-level orthogonal tests based on three improving factors such as water content(WC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and stirring time(ST) were carried out to improve the method of preparing porous ceramic body foamed by microbe at ordinary tempreature. It is concluded that water content is the key improving facor followed by stirring time and CMC content, and the optimized formula could be A3B3C1 or A3B4C2.

Indoor model experiments were made to study loads on single pile under the wave-current flow. Take three different velocities of the current and three different diameters of piles in the experiments to get the variations of loads. Drag and lift forces were measured by a two-component balance. Analysis on experiment results shows that, both drag force and lift force increase with the increase of the pile diameter and the current velocity. The drag coefficient Cd increases with the increase of Kc number until Kc researches 12, when Kc is more than 12, Cd decreases with the increase of Kc; while the inertia force coefficient Cm decreases with the increase of Kc, when Kc is more than 12, Cmchanges little. And the lift coefficient shows no correlation with the Kc number.

Island settlement in the South-East of Zhejiang Province is a blend region of a variety of marine habitat development model, its formation, development and evolution are closely related with the local geographical environment, cultural background, sources of material and building way. This paper takes the Ruoshan Islands of Wenling, Zhejiang Province as an example, mixes the cultures of Eastern Fujian and South Zhejiang to analyze the causes and law of the island habitat’s evolution, and puts forward the basic method and strategy for construction of the marine habitat with mixed culture character.

As urban block parks are small public open spaces scattered in a city, users’ behavior requirements determine the space utilization. The study, taking Hangzhou Civil Park and Wanxiang Park for example, adopts POE basic study method to investigate and compare the service conditions of parks by means of analyzing behavior selection and space suitability, as well as to put forward space reform and optimizing strategies.

In order to research the crosstalk of multiconductor cable’s different core lines, based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the Crosstalk of the four core lines cable without metal shield layer is researched by simulation. Results show that because of the cable’s distributed parameters, the far end voltage of disturbing core line is smaller than near end voltage, the voltage of disturbed core lines is smaller than that of disturbing core line evidently. But when cable is working in thunder and rain, the grounding line of the cable may induce very high voltage, and the high voltage may disturb the core lines of cable that used to transfer useful signals, so the crosstalk can’t be neglected. Experiment is done with four core lines cable without metal shield layer that lay on the earth. Experimental and simulation results are nearly same, which are compared. Because of the influence of experimental loss waste, wire connection and so on, voltage got by experiment is smaller than that got by simulation. Results show that FDTD method is effective in analyzing the influence of the lightning voltage signal.

In order to improve the speed and accuracy of the existing product, a new automated hemorheology analyzer is designed and implementation in this paper. In the new analyzer, the whole blood and plasma with different characteristics are tested by different systems, which work in parallel and independently. The design and implementation of the new hemorheology analyzer including hardware and software design are put forward. Experimental results show that the performance of the new instrument, such as efficiency and test speed are both improved in the new instrument.

Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) is the combination of chemiluminescence system and immunoassay. CLIA is established as one of the best alternatives to conventional radioimmunoassay for the quantitation of low concentrations of analytes in complex samples. A high-performance CLIA control system based on the embedded microprocessor S3C2410A is presented in this paper. The system principle, the overall structure of the system, the control structure of the key functional blocks and the flow chart of the software are given. The hardware drivers and the application software are developed on the basis of S3C2410A. The experimental results show that the presented system is feasible in the clinical diagnosis and can be used in the automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer.

In the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, many steps need traces pipetting. The ELISA test results will be different when we use different pipetting ways. Our traces pipetting system is based on the air displacement pipetting principle, comparable to the functioning of hand pipettes. It is applied pressure sensor to realize pressure-based liquid level detection (pLLD) and aspiration monitoring. The monitored system can distinguish the following situations: (1) a correct aspiration; (2) cup empty; (3) tip-blocked; (4) bubbles. Using the air displacement principle into traces pipetting can avoid contamination or dilution by system liquids, and problems with corroded tubing, pumps, etc. It applied pressure sensor to realize pLLD and aspiration monitoring. The results of the real-time monitor module on air displacement pipetting show that the traces pipetting system can agilely distinguish the different liquid pipetting situations. The method of air displacement pipetting offered an effective way for ELISA traces pipetting system.

An in-site measurement method for big gears based on laser tracking and coordinate measurement technology is proposed in this paper. The coordinate transformation method, in which direction cosine are used as parameters, is suitable for large rotation angle transformation. The coordinate transformation with large rotation angle in the in-site measurement, hence, can be realized. The experimental results show that the proposed coordinate transformation method has the advantages of high accuracy and stability, and can meet the requirements of the laser tracking in-site measurement system for big gears.