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PCBs removal in the aged leachate by a new combination process based on an innovative biofilm reactor with natural fiber media, combined coagulation with a two-staged sequencing batch biofilm reactor with Luffa Sponges (LS) as the biomass carriers (LS-SBBR), was studied in this paper. The results indicated that the total PCBs removal in the aged leachate was 51.97%, and the PCBs removals are mainly achieved by the removal of trichlorobiphenyls, the PCBs contents in sludge in the two-staged LS-SBBR were consistent with the conclusion that the PCBs removal in liquid phase of the second LS-SBBR was higher than that of the first LS-SBBR.

The drying rate is difficult to control for perilla leaf during the microwave vacuum drying process. Through scientific approaches, this paper made a research on the relationships between drying factors and drying rate, and established a kinetics model on microwave vacuum drying of perilla leaf. The model can predict the water content variations of perilla leaf during microwave vacuum drying, and provides a theory basis for packaging, storage and transportation for perilla leaf production.

To study the saccharification conditions of cellulase on lignocellulose material, this paper used corn straw as the material to do research on the effect of cellulase. The hydrolysis factors, including reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulase concentration, were measured in order to determine the optimal saccharification conditions for fuel ethanol production. The results showed that, when the reaction temperature was 45°C, reaction time was 72 h and cellulase concentration was 60 IU/g, the hydrolysis rate can respectively reach 6.25 %, 14.7 % and 14.4 %. By the analysis of orthogonal test, the main factors effects the saccharification was reaction time. And the optimal combination of saccharification conditions was the reaction time of 54 h, the reaction temperature of 45 °C, and the cellulase concentration of 55 IU/g.

This paper introduces the definition and types of plasticizers, mainly may contain species of plasticizer in food, detection methods of plasticizer in food, research on phthalic acid esters migrate in food packaging material as well as the causes and Countermeasures of food plasticizer that exceed the standard system to introduced, providing a reference for the further research and related researchers.

This paper based on multi-agent technology, according to automobile safety airbag roll bag station production technology, at first adopt TS fuzzy neural regression network to distributed modeling for the controlled object, the methods of combining supervision learning and reinforcement learning are used, according to multi-agent external reinforcement signals and the value function of evaluate network ,using adaptive genetic co-evolution algorithm to optimize the action network, so can adapt to the mutational environment, and engineering application supply the proof about the effectiveness of the control strategy.

Along with the rapid development of today's society, all sorts of wastes produced from human life and production are discharged into the natural environment, so that a certain impact has been exerted on air, soil, lakes, and oceans. The wastes discharged into the natural environment not only contain some toxic substances and various compounds difficult to degrade, but also are with the characteristics of strong acid, strong alkali, high temperature, and high salinity, so that the general microorganisms are hard to survive in this environment. However, there are some extreme microorganisms to gradually fit the environment in the process of evolution, and the microorganisms include alkalophilic bacteria, basophilic bacteria, halophilic bacteria, etc. Halophilic bacteria grow mainly in sea and salt lake, and also have unique physiological features, while the application of high-salinity microbes to the disposal of salt-contained wastewater is of a broad prospect and an important social value. In this paper, the isolation and identification of microorganism in a high-salinity environment and their application to the disposal of salt-contained wastewater are mainly analyzed.

Surface preparation is a process of treating a surface to increase its attraction to coatings and imperative to ensure satisfactory coating can be attained. Conventional techniques of surface preparation usually involve blasting of abrasive material on the surface which usually associated with airborne debris and hazardous contaminant from the process. A relatively new technology in surface preparation is the usage of sponge media as an alternative to the conventional abrasive material. Being soft and elastic, sponge media can reduce airborne emission from surface preparation significantly while being able to be recycled. Unfortunately, the recovery of used sponge media becomes difficult during rainy conditions in which the sponge absorbs water and quickly becomes saturated. Therefore, this paper presents the drying characteristics of sponge media using a swirling fluidized bed dryer (SFBD) for rapid drying to overcome the long, inefficient sun drying as per current practice. Several laboratory scale experiments were carried out to dry water laden of the sponge media in the SFBD. Three bed loadings of 1.7, 2.0 and 2.3 kg were used at drying temperatures of 80°C, 90°C and 100°C. The experimental works revealed the excellent potential of the SFBD in drying the sponge media rapidly. The behaviour of moisture ratio and drying rate against time were discussed. Keywords: Sponge media drying, Swirling Fluidized Bed Dryer (SFBD), Moisture ratio, Drying rate

This paper provides an overview of the use of green solvents for oil extraction from natural product using soxhlet extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods. In terms of qualitative and quantitative determinations on the extracted oils, the use of green solvents was comparable with n-hexane. For soxhlet extraction method, the integration of microwave application into the soxhlet at their optimum conditions has shown improvement in oil yield, oil quality, solvent consumption and extraction time. SFE using CO2also revealed promising results as soxhlet extraction but apparently it involved high operating cost and difficult to control. Despite of that, all the studies successfully demonstrated the suitability of green solvent as an alternative to petroleum driven solvents for extraction of oils from natural products.

Surface modified magnetic silica particles for the immobilization of laccase. The maximal absorption capacities of laccase were evaluated systemically. Compared with unmodified magnetic silica particles, the modified magnetic silica particles showed better absorption capacity of the laccase. The immobilized laccase has been used to treat pulp and paper making wastewater, and showed high efficacy on the removal of COD.

Considered weak organic acid, Citric Acid (CA) finds its application in almost all the food and pharmaceutical industries as flavour, acidifier and chelating agent. CA has been found in abundance specially in citrus fruits, can also be produced by artificial means, most notably by fermentation using molasses or starch by the use of micro-organisms. The current paper outlines the production of CA from Aspergillus Niger (A. Niger) keeping in view the statistical analysis that shows its importance, usage and future scope of CA if manufactured at industrial scale in Pakistan. Key words: Aspergillus Niger, Citric Acid, Fermentation, Molasses.

In this paper, the effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on the hematite was studied and the mechanism was analyzed. The results indicated that under the condition of the optimal grinding medium, compared with the result without sodium hexametaphosphate added, with citric acid added at the mass of 0.30% of the hematite, the content of-0.074mm of grinding production was increased by 6.38%; physical adsorption and chemical adsorption which were on the surface of hematite produced by sodium hexametaphosphate can reduce viscosity of grinding pulp, change surface potential of the hematite, and reduce the hardness on the surface of the hematite. Therefore citric acid can improve the grinding efficiency of the hematite.

Construction projects are increasingly encountered bad foundation, because of collapsible loess is widely distributed in our country, so most widely especially bad in collapsible loess foundation, this paper based on the characteristics analysis of the loess collapsibility of loess, expounded in combination with the engineering practice of collapsible loess foundation treatment methods, problems and countermeasures.

EPS, XPS and PU plates etc. are often selected as the insulating layer in external thermal insulation system. Although featured by good thermal insulation properties and low costs, these materials are provided with major fire potential. Therefore, fireproof treatment methods for the thermal insulation materials and fireproof structural measure for the system are proposed in this paper based on the combustion tests on the thermal insulation materials, so as to increase the fire protection safety of the external thermal insulation system.

In Malaysia, approximately 7 million tonne/year of rubber wood waste and 5 million tonne/year of acacia wood waste were generated in 2011. These hardwood residues could be utilized to produce biofuel through pyrolysis process. The aims of the paper are to study the fluidized bed pyrolysis system, determine the properties of pyrolytic bio-oil, and highlight the effect of biomass type, size and pyrolysis temperature on pyrolytic products distribution.

Control of pulp pH value is the key step in the process of washing zinc oxide. Due to the characteristics of large time delay and strong nonlinear, the control of pulp pH value is very difficult. In this paper, aiming at the above problem and according to the features of washing operation of zinc oxide powder, design a control system of a fuzzy controller, secondary fuzzy controller and PI controller.

Make old cement concrete as recycled aggregate can not only protect environment, saving resources, but also can reduce the project cost, and promoting the sustainable development. This paper based on the related recycled concrete aggregate (RCA Recycled Concrete Aggregate) literature, mainly involve its properties, preparation and performance of RCA concrete, construction application etc..This has got a lot of reliable conclusions, so as to give some inspiration and help to the related scholars.

The implications of empathic models have been far-reaching and pervasive. Here, we verify the deployment of systems. In this position paper, we verify not only that context-free grammar and fiber-optic cables can agree to achieve this mission, but that the same is true for fiber-optic cables. This follows from the development of architecture.

The realization of intelligent ERP system is studied through Agent technology and Jadex software development framework. The concept of intelligent ERP system is proposed in this paper based on Multi-Agent technology. After conducting research on Multi-Agent ERP system model frame, the Multi-Agent ERP model is designed based BDI model. Multi-Agent ERP system model based on Multi-Agent system framework and layers are also given. Finally, take storage management system as an example, storage control Agent is designed and realized on Jadex.

The waste shell of Anadaragranosa or blood cockle is utilized as an alternative source for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the synthesis of calcium chloride (CaCl2) as a dehumidifier. In this paper, the synthesis of CaCl2 from the waste shell was investigated at various concentrations of HCl reactant and the shells’ particle sizes to determine the optimum yield. The synthesized CaCl2 was further tested on its capacity in adsorbing moisture and compared with the commercially-available dehumidifier. It was found that concentration of HCl at 5 M produced the highest yield, while the particle size of 0.5 mm took the shortest period in producing CaCl2 from the waste shells of Anadaragranosa. Investigating the performance as dehumidifier in a controlled environment, synthesized CaCl2 showed similar capacity in sorbing moisture as the commercially-available dehumidifier, proving the high potential of the waste shells of Anadaragranosa to serve as a green alternative for CaCO3 in producing CaCl2.

Biomass utilization has arouse great attention and interest in recent years as it offers a net zero carbon footprint and security of the feedstocks. Current utilization process of biomass can be classified into biochemical and thermochemical conversion process. Pyrolysis process seems to be the promising conversion process in securing chemical feedstock as pyrolysis oil can be futher upgraded for chemical extraction. This paper reviews the most abundance biomass in Malaysia which is palm waste and discusses the its utilization by prolysis process. Upgrading research of pyrolysis oil also been discussed as to promotes the effective utilization of waste and securing alternative energy source.

This paper based on the regenerative braking system, which developed in the '863' project, designed pressure control method for RBS system in the condition of active pressurization state and conduct Bench experiments. The results show that, under the condition of high frequency, through modulation frequency of the pulse signal and duty ratio method can coordinate the regenerative braking and hydraulic braking force, meet target pressure and the pressurization rate requirements of RBS.

The comprehensive entropy of power flow is proposed in this paper based on the current entropy of power flow. The comprehensive entropy can not only describe the heterogeneity of the power flow distribution, but also takes the considerable effect of the high load rate lines on the cascading failure into consideration. Thus it can reflect the operation state in a more comprehensive way compared with the current entropy of power flow. A forewarning model which employs the comprehensive entropy as a forewarning index is also presented. And the case analysis verifies that the proposed forewarning model can assess the risk of cascading failures under the current operation state. It can identify the operation state the cascading failure risk of which accesses the set threshold, thus to help the operators of the power system to protect the power system from cascading failures.

This paper based on the scattering principle of lubricating oil to light, designed the plan of making use of near-infrared light to monitor automobile lubricating oil, and hereby it to monitor the deteriorated condition of lubricating oil. Experiments show that: this kind of technology for monitoring automobile lubricating oil can satisfy the deterioration condition monitor demand of automobile lubricating oil, and give the instructions of the lubricating oil deterioration degree, so we can decide whether the lubricating oil can continue to use according to it. This method changed the traditional conditions that replace the lubricating oil according to time or the driving mileage, it realized replacing lubricating oil according to the quality, thus it makes the lubricating oil obtain the reasonable economy service life, and guaranteed the good lubrication condition of vehicles.

Co-gasification of biomass and coal is increasingly considered as a promising technology for sustainable utilization of coal and large-scale use of biomass. Co-gasification characteristic and kinetic analysis are the basic and essential information for the application of this technology. In this paper, co-gasification behavior of a typical bituminous coal from western China and spent mushroom compost (SMC) was investigated through thermogravimetric analyzer. The temperature interval was from ambient temperature to 1000 ○C with various heating rates (10, 20, 40 ○C•min-1) under carbon dioxide atmosphere. Kinetic parameter was solved through Distribution Activation Energy Model (DAEM). The results indicated that he maximum decomposition rates of the mixture and SMC were higher than that of coal except 25% SMC. Slightly synergistic effect during the co-gasification was found. The average values of the activation energy were 25.07 kJ•mol-1 for bituminous coal, 204.47 kJ•mol-1 for 25% SMC, 123.14 kJ•mol-1 for 50% SMC, 144.05 kJ•mol-1 for 75% SMC and 227.50 kJ•mol-1 for SMC, respectively.

The present study involves the preparation and characterization of the biomass briquettes made from saw dust and rice husk. Five samples with different compositions were prepared using the old news papers as the binder for both the biomass. Ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, heating value and handling characteristic of all the samples were determined. It was observed that the compositions of the biomass sawdust (BMS)-15 and biomass rice husk (BMR)-15 are suitable for the downdraft gasifier.

In this paper, the effect of citric acid on the hematite was studied and the mechanism was analyzed. The results indicated that under the condition of the optimal grinding medium, compared with the result without citric acid added, with citric acid added at the mass of 0.10% of the hematite, the content of-0.074mm of grinding production was increased by 7.11%; physical adsorption and chemical adsorption which were on the surface of hematite produced by citric acid can reduce viscosity of grinding pulp, change surface potential of the hematite, and reduce the hardness on the surface of the hematite. Therefore citric acid can improve the grinding efficiency of the hematite.

Vegetable oils are considered as substitute for energy production. In this paper, a correlation was developed based on iodine and saponification values of the waste frying oil to estimate its higher heating value. Five samples of waste frying oil were collected, its iodine value and saponification value were measured and the heating values were measured. A correlation by linear regression method was developed and compared with the heating value obtained experimentally. A Comparison was made with other correlations available in the literature. The comparison of higher heating value obtained from new correlation and experiments gave a R2 value of 0.97, error of standard deviation is 0.06 and an average error of 1.86%.

The firing accuracy of trajectory correction rocket improves significantly after conducting trajectory correction. A trajectory correction rocket repetitious damage effectiveness model was proposed in this paper based on the original rocket damage effectiveness model, difference of repetitious damage effectiveness caused by the improvement of a certain type trajectory correction rocket was researched. Research conclusions have reference value for the determination of trajectory correction rocket accuracy index design, the actual operational use and operational effectiveness evaluation.

In this paper, effects of carbon source on the biofilm cultivation were investigated by adding or not adding liquid carbon source with corncob used as solid carbon source and biocarriers. By adding or not adding glucose in the culture solution, effects of carbon source on the biofilm cultivation were determined by measuring COD, NO3--N, NO2--N and pH of culture solution after reaction. Results showed that adding liquid carbon source was beneficial to forming the biofilm with good denitrification performance, however, not adding carbon source could only form biofilm with bad denitrification performance and denitrification reaction only proceeded to the step of NO2--N after reaction. Results indicated that it was necessary to add liquid carbon source for the forming biofilm with good denitrification performance on the surface of corncob biocarriers.

Dual-frequency ultrasonic assisted ozonation was proposed to degrade pesticide wastewater. The frequencies of ultrasound were 28 kHz and low-MHz (208 kHz, 495 kHz, 679 kHz and 890 kHz). The influence of ultrasound frequency was investigated in this paper. The electrical conductivity of deionized water was measured under different conditions, and degradation rate of acephate solution was used to verify degradation effect of the treatment. The results implied that the 208 kHz system was suitable for ozone dissolving and 495 kHz system was suitable for acephate degradation.

Graphene-based composites now has been payed more and more attention to because it can make up many shortcomings of the pure single-layer graphene.In many papers ,there are one same phenomenon said that graphene can not be well dispersed in matrix since it’s high specific surface area and high surface energy.In this work,we reported the preparation of ZnO/graphene nanocomposites through the way of situ-reaction in the surface of graphite oxide.Then,the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infared spectroscopy (FTIR),transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetry (TG). The results indicated that the graphene oxide had been reduced by hydrazine hydrate and the ZnO crystal attached to the surface of graphene well.The ZnO/graphene nanocomposites can be expected to be dispersed in some kinds of rubber to improve their electric and thermal conductivities in the following experiments.

The temple as a city of ritual significance type, has a complete concept of architectural culture. In the project's decision-making for Guang'an Temple planning and design, Designer has the problem of how to position, including the function, the temple complex space positioning and construction temple ranks .Paper based on the Confucian temple ritual culture, combined with the new city park functional requirements, according to the site topography and landform, determine the spatial structure of building community; Through comparison of its kind in sichuan, to determine the rules of construction; The planning and design of the temple are integration of the area of urban design, create a new urban landscape, so as to provide reference for the design of the same kind of antique buildings.

Seismic rock study aims to clarify the relationship between the rock and the intrinsic nature of seismic attributes contained in the fluid between the paper based on the physical characteristics of the rock, viscoelasticity and anisotropy of systems theory and media rock mechanics model response characteristics, and model simulation, simulation results show that the physical structure of the rocks we build the model can well reflect the characteristics of the seismic response of rock mechanics.

In this paper the problem of accurate edge detection for pulp fibers images is discussed. The images are acquired by the smart CCD camera. Subpixel edge detection is considered that applied in the system to improve the measurement accuracy of pulp fibers. The location of a precise edge is the basis of kink index, kink Angle, curl index and other measurement parameters for the pulp fibers. A new method for subpixel edge detection of the pulp fibers is introduced. Canny operator is used to get the pixel level edge. Each edge point determines five pixels in the gradient direction. Then the least squares fitting is used to locate its sub-pixel edge. The measurement results show that the proposed subpixel edge detection method is valid to improve measurement accuracy for real time measuring the pulp fiber parameters.

In order to better solving the problem of electronic equipment maintenance training, promoting the level of management and usage to electronic equipment. The design method of virtual maintenance training system for electronic equipment is discussed in this paper based on virtual reality technology. Simulation results show that the system can well implement virtual maintenance training for the electronic equipment, and has certain reference value to develop other relevant system.

Although the Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GMPHD) filter is a multi-target tracker that can alleviate the computational intractability of the optimal multi-target Bayes filter and its computational complex is lower than that of sequential Monte Carlo probability hypothesis density (SMCPHD), its computational burden can be reduced further. In the standard GMPHD filter, each observation should be matched with each component when the PHD is updated. In practice, time cost of evaluating many unlikely measurements-to-components parings is wasteful, because their contribution is very limited. As a result, a substantial reduction in complexity could be obtained by directly setting relative value associated with these parings. A fast GMPHD algorithm is proposed in the paper based on gating strategy. Simulation results show that the fast GMPHD can save computational time by 60%~70% without any degradation in performance compared with standard GMPHD.

This paper presents the effect of different sizes of palm kernel shell (PKS) activated carbon as the carrier material in a micro-bioreactor system to treat the palm oil mill effluent (POME). Three different sizes of PKS activated carbon were used as the carrier material, i.e. 4.750 – 2.360 mm (large), 1.180 – 0.710 mm (average) and 0.425 – 0.300 mm (small). The systems were run for a total of 29 days under hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours. The performances of several effluent quality parameters of POME regarding the use of PKS activated carbon of different sizes were studied. PKS activated carbon with size 1.180 – 0.710 mm showed the highest removal performances for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal-nitrogen (AN), and solids, with 41 %, 84.6 %, and 88 % of removal respectively. The system with PKS activated carbon of size 4.750 - 2.360 mm showed the highest performance in removing TP (45 %), while 1.180 – 0.710 mm size of PKS activated carbon showed the highest performance in removing TN (53 %). The system was also found to effectively reduce the effluent colour. In overall, the PKS activated carbon of size 1.180 – 0.710 mm showed the best results as a carrier material to be used in the micro-bioreactor system in treating POME compared to the other two sizes.

This research studied the electricity production from organic wastes fermentation by microbial fuel cell by using a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC). Two sizes (1 L and 10 L) of simple SCMFC were fabricated by using a cylindrical plastic tank which anode compartment and cathode compartment separated by plastic plate with hole and covered with cotton fabric. The anode electrode contacted with organic matter and microorganisms where anaerobic reaction occurred to generate electron and proton. The electrons transferred through an external circuit while the protons diffused through the solution to the cathode electrode for reducing oxygen to water. From the study of the effect of different electrode types (carbon graphite rod, zinc metal, and copper metal) to the electricity generation using the SCMFC size 1 L in fermentation with synthetic sweetness solution (22%Brix) and the effective microorganism (EM) for 36 hrs, it found that the fuel cell which used copper metal as electrode produced electricity increasing over the times and has more efficient than the other electrode types. The study of electricity generation from organic waste fermentation by using the SCMFC size 10 L and using copper metal as electrode, the results showed that the fermentation of pineapple waste produced the current density, potential density, and power density higher than the fermentation of bananas and the fermentation of food garbage with EM. An optimal period of time for the production of electricity from this microbial fuel cell is the first five days of fermentation that the cells has voltage »500 mV, the current density 25.52 mA m-2, potential density 104.69 V m-2 and power density 12.59 mW m-2, and then decline over time five days (120 hrs). Moreover the bio-liquid fertilizer and the residues from the fermentation can be further used in agricultural because of the nutrient content (N, P, K), organic carbon and organic material contents available.

This document explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready manuscript for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. The text area for your manuscript must be 17 cm wide and 25 cm high (6.7 and 9.8 inches, resp.). Do not place any text outside this area. Use good quality, white paper of approximately 21 x 29 cm or 8 x 11 inches (please do not change the document setting from A4 to letter). Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.

Artificial organic polymer flocculants has been widely applied in water treatment; however, disadvantages of nonbiodegradable and poisonous may cause another environmental problem. This paper established an effective water treatment technique using Abelmoschusmoschatu (Okra) in combining of glue extraction process and flocculating process, with fully consideration of factors such as treating time, cost, and efficiency. Results showed that ethanol extraction was an effective method for extraction of glue form Okra. After being soaked in distilled water overnight with ratios of material to solvent, and was extracted by ethanol with volume percentage of 50% at stable temperature of 70 °C for one hour, the extraction rate of Okra glue could be as high as 18.38%. The glue usage of 0.015-0.020 g.L-1 and flocculating time of five minutes could be the optimal usage in treating suspending liquid of kaolin, with the turbidity of 3.0 g.L-1. The processes are low cost, simple, efficient, and low pollution, having broad application prospects.

In this present work, the impact of blending n-butyl alcohol, a next generation biofuel with jatropha biodiesel on the performance of a diesel engine are examined. Tests were performed on a constant speed compression ignition engine using n-butyl alcohol / jatropha biodiesel blends. N-butyl alcohol was added to jatropha biodiesel by 10, 20 and 30% by volume. Performance parameters namely break thermal efficiency (BTE), Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) were analyzed in this work. It was experimentally found that by adding n-butyl alcohol to neat jatropha biodiesel, significant reduction in viscosity was observed. In addition, break thermal efficiency was increased by 0.8 % due to improved atomization of the blends. Further, brake specific fuel and exhaust gas temperature was further reduced due to lower viscosity and improved combustion rate with addition of n-butyl alcohol to jatropha biodiesel.

This paper reported on the product yield of automotive paint sludge via microwave assisted pyrolysis. By having an optimum weight sample loading and power level at 500g and 1000W respectively, optimum product in terms of liquid yields has been obtained. This desired liquid product comprised hydrocarbon material since it contains oil layer and almost 40% of the product can be recovered from the automotive paint sludge with an optimum microwave parameter. Furthermore, the liquid product has a potential to be used as fuel since it exhibit high energy content at 22.6 MJ/kg.

The three-dimensional roaming system of landscape design and development in this paper based on the analysis of virtual reality technology and landscape characteristics. the system is to achieve a multi-view, multi-scenes tour. Further proposed of virtools technology significance in the garden is put forward and specific applications of virtual reality technology in landscape design are put forward.

Oil palm frond was utilized as a fiber biomass material for investigating the strength of the fiber bricks. This research aimed to enhance the potential of oil palm frond utilization to produce bio-fiber brick. It was developed as a composite material to be a choice for industrial construction, decorative interior, or others relevant. Plaster of Paris was identified as a binder of oil palm frond bricks. The oil palm frond, mixed with the plaster of Paris, was tested with three variable ratios of 0.5:0.5, 0.4:0.6, and 0.3:0.7 for brick production. In the performed tests and examinations, the characteristic properties of oil palm frond size, density, and compressive strength were analyzed. The results showed that the oil palm frond can be used to reinforce the fiber brick. It can increased the quality of plaster of Paris bricks of light weight, high modulus, high specific strength, and high fracture toughness depending on OPF size, raw material ratios, and binding.

A blend of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was tested against conventional rubber products sold in department stores and markets, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure the amount of natural or synthetic rubber in the product. 1H-NMR spectroscopy was employed for the rubber blend and 13C-NMR spectroscopy for conventional products. The chemical shift of all the samples from the structure of natural rubber (cis-1,4 polyisoprene) was observed.

Under the actions of dissolved oxygen, temperature, electric field, electric arc, moisture, impurities and metal catalysts, transformer oil in operation will undergo oxidation and cracking, which may result in production of large quantities of peroxides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids. To improve the oxidation stability of oil, the antioxidants should be added into the transformer oil before operation. This paper mainly introduced the oxidation process of transformer oil, the harm of transformer oil oxidation and the method for the determination of the T501 antioxidants content in transformer oil. It also forecast the development trend of the electrochemical test in the determination of T501 antioxidants content.

In this study, the research team aimed to apply the use of biological capturing system of single cell algae, common microalgae species Chlorella sp. that have higher photosynthetic efficiencies in efficient capturing carbon dioxide. Here, , In the biological CO2 capturing process, biogas was pumped to the water recycling culturing medium, only CO2, not CH4, could dissolved efficiently with the sprayer and recycling medium system. The results showed the microorganisms could resist to methane except H2S and significantly induced at least 90-95% CO2 removal efficiency and increased in Cholerella sp. biomass production within 7 day cultivation compared the system without CO2 feeding (0.6 and 0.4 percentage (g/mL), respectively. Since the biological treatment approach was durable and could possibly further applied for treating flue carbon dioxide exhausted by power plant and fuel-types, and mitigating acid rain, heavy fuel oil, natural gas prevention.

We collected 6 commercially available single jersey knit outerwears from the market which claimed to have ultraviolet protection factor of 25. In vitro method with the use of spectrophotometer was used for investigating their ultraviolet protection properties under different moisture conditions. Experimental results revealed that the moisture would greatly reduce the UV protecion properties of knit outwears. The higher the moisture content, the lower will be the UV proection properties of the outwears.

At present, charcoal briquette fuel, a source of heat energy and mostly made from agricultural waste materials, are popular in the markets because of their high constant heat output. It helps reduce pollution, and produce no sparks while burning, but varied due to different types of materials, burning protocols, temperature, and pressure used. In this study, the research team have studied the characteristics of high quality fuel briquettes for possible further development of standard indicators of briquette fuel production process. In the study, key factors of the Charcoal fuel features composed of high qualities of physical characteristics and electrical induction. Activated carbon and coconut shell charcoal types were showed to be great materials. The production process involved aerobic burning at 800-900oC for at least 3 hours, grinding and mixing with starch binder. The briquettes’ electrical conductivity was especially lower than 10 kΩ. High heat production was obtained at least 6000 Cal/g while ground charcoal possessed with the sizes were varied. Under microscopy, the charcoal particle sizes were in a range of 50-100 μm for 30-50% (w/w), size of 10-50 μm for 20-40% (w/w) and distinctive numbers of holes greater than 300 μ to 1 mm were rarely observed. Therefore, with key characteristics of charcoal briquette fuel, it could be further applied for development the indicator as well as instruments to measure the quality of the briquette.

In this study, three commercially available innerwears were collected from the market. Their moisture management properties were measured. Experimental results revealed that the fibre content played an important role in affecting the moisture management properties of the innerwears.