Search

In order to satisfy the strong demands of learning paper-cut from the public and paper-cut lovers and the needs of art education and training to practical ability for children and teenagers.Taking full use of the advantages and features of 2D interactive animation, we designed and implemented a virtual interactive system based on the classification of paper-cutting technique. Learners without paper-cutting experience can master the basic techniques of paper-cutting, and appreciate the integrity of the production process of paper-cutting through this system, which will promote the inheritance and development of folk paper-cut product techniques.

Most of the scientific research engines utilize the same way to rank scientific research papers (SRP), this way is highly depend on the citation network. The retrieved results of these engines for any keyword contain old papers with the highest citation value. In this paper, we proposed a new and easy to implement ranking algorithm for scientific research papers known as Paper Time Ranking Algorithm (PTRA). PTRA is a new ranking algorithm that depends on three factors to rank its results; paper age, citation index and publication venue. To construct and prove our ranking algorithm we created a web crawler that crawl different scientific search papers databases in the world to collect the information that PTRA needs. Unfortunately, some of this information was missing, such as, the impact factor of the journals. To collect this information, we created another crawler that search the Internet for these journals impact factors. However, to prove our ranking algorithm results, we have compared PTRA with Google scholar ranking algorithm. We used Google scholar, since it has more than 50 million papers and its own system can gather and collect papers in a faster way. Our comparison results show that, citation index has the highest impact on Google scholars ranking algorithm results. Unlike PTRA that gains the paper age a higher impact on the ranked results. However, PTRA depends on the citation index and publication venue to rank the results but with less impact than the paper age.

The system uses B / S mode and ASP as the web-based support and connects with the SQL Server 2005 database, which realizes the automatic and manual assessment of Photoshop course exam management operations. At the same time, it will be able to generate paper reference to test the difficulty levels of papers.

Nowadays, the computer is increasingly popular, and college examination is developing in the direction of traditional examination means to automation and intelligence ones gradually, all these make it inevitable to construct question bank for courses, and to generate test paper using computers. This paper uses the Delphi technique, to make improvements to existing components, combining with VBA programming, and use of SQL Server to implement the question bank management and test paper auto-generation system, which could generate test paper in Word Document. A large number of tests show that the software is running stably and system features are functioning correctly on Windows 2000/XP/2003 platform with Office XP/2003 environment.

The detection of elements in top part of research paper is the key problem in layout analysis, because these elements are often used as the search items by user. This paper provides a index-based method for auto detection of top part from research papers. Different from existing methods, an index is used for detecting items from top part of research paper. Experiments show the advantage of our method over existing methods, and future work is also described in the paper.

As a important part of teaching, Traditional paper analysis algorithm is complicated and not comprehensive enough. This paper according to the indicators of education measurement and improves the traditional calculation models, the system assesses the perfect calculation model, The teacher also can get the true and fast reaction to students' knowledge and the quality of the paper. This method thereby provides a convincing basis for the improvement on the future teaching and increase the effectiveness in teaching

The study is based on XISS(XML Indexing and Storage System) of Dietz’s Numbering Schema to determine the ancestor-descendant relationship. According to the results of research, this paper proposes an improved method of node encoding, realizes its indexing structure, and discusses its query path. Finally, the paper analyzes the property of this improved method.

Creation of the intelligent system for highly structured domain is possible with determining the whole system of concepts included in the ontology of this area. Presentation by means of formal ontology model provides a uniquely interpreted terms. Based on the model of ontology the intelligent system will integrate their knowledge and information components of all sections of the data area. The paper considers the unification of nanomaterials subdomain with other subdomains that are need to be used for intelligent system for nanotechnology. The paper also proposes mathematical ontology model of one of the component - that is ontology model of foams and emulsions class.

This paper presents a methodology that makes possible the recapture of manufacturing features of using a DXF file. The methodology is illustrated on a prismatic part. CAD/CAPP integration is achieved by Feature Recognizer Interface. Each CAD system has its own database stucture that offers geometric information regarding the parts, hence, the interpretation and change of these are impossible to be done. The methodology presented in this paper shows how geometric model provides the manufacturing information with the help of DXF file.

In this paper, we present a new knowledge push technology for complex mechatronic products design based on ontology and variable precision rough set (VPRS). Ontology can explicitly represent knowledge semantics and let designers exchange knowledge about design and the product development process; while using the knowledge reduction method based on the VPRS method, the design knowledge repository is simplified and design rules also be distilled from the reduct design knowledge repository. On the basis of the above approach, multiple designers can efficiently share design knowledge and can obtain appropriate design knowledge during all design processes. Finally, a case is employed to validate the proposed method of this paper.

This paper proposed a spelling error detection and correction using the linguistic features and knowledge resource. The linguistic features mainly come from language model that describes the probability of a sentence. In practice, the formal document with typos is defective and fall short of the specifications, since typos and error hidden in printed document are frequent, rework will cause the waste of paper and ink. This paper proposed an approach that addresses the spelling errors and before printing. In this method, the linguistic features are used in this research to compare and increase a new feature additionally that is a function of Internet search based on knowledge bases. Combining these research manners, this paper expect to achieve the goals of confirming, improving the detection rate of typos, and reducing the waste of resources. Experimental results shows, the proposed method is practicable and efficient for users to detect the typos in the printed documents.

An intrusion is a series of relevant actions that occur to a victim in some sequence through the Internet. In this paper, a serial episode mining is first applied to find all possible sophisticated Internet attacks, and then an episode pruning skill is applied to cut unnecessary ones to reduce administrator’s further effort. Input data, log files from a honeypot system, is regarded as a sequence of events, where each event has an associated time of occurrence. The method proposed in this paper can be used to detect abnormal Internet episodes including unknown attacks. Some experiments had been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The paper presents an application for creating the product's structure in a simulation framework using an algorithm for randomly generating the orders received by a simulated manufacturing system.The application was implemented in a graphical programming environment which will serve also for developing the manufacturing system simulator. The paper is describing the procedures for generating the records from the proposed data structure and for labelling each main product's component.The data is then transformed and restructured for complying with the data definition to be used in the simulation framework: all the transitions representing processing activities are defined and labelled and their input and about places are defined, labelled and structured in an array according with the data definition.

This paper deals with issue of properties specification for software verifications and translation between formal languages. Through this paper, the unique framework of property specifications including most kinds of formal specifications logics, automatic methods are shown by a property specifications guided system and PVSL(The Pattern based Visual property Specification Language).Additionally, a properties to specify and structures, Interconnection of them are also described by property charts. In this study, the pattern based visual property specification language (PVSL) is defined and property specifications method is also designed by convenience specifications of required property.Required properties can be described by its charts and analyzes its meaning and structures as using patterns diagrams and property and-or tree. On the other hands, it also guarantees stability and limitation of utilizations of patterns using much stronger specifying Dwyer`s meaning based property classification. The PVSL and property charts use hierarchical state machine notation to take advantage of knowledge a person who is one of practitioners has as much as possible, and for Nu-SMV, CW-CNC. They can be adapted to describe property charts and analyze into examples of CTL(Computation Tree Logic) and Modal Mu-Calculus logic that have been already used.Keywords: Patterns, Property specifications, model checking, Software verification

In this paper, several data mining techniques were discussed and analyzed in order to achieve the objective of human daily activities recognition based on a continuous sensing data set. The data mining techniques of decision tree, Naïve Bayes and Neural Network were successfully applied to the data set. The paper also proposed an idea of combining the Neural Network with the Decision Tree, the result shows that it works much better than the typical Neural Network and the typical Decision Tree model.

In a recent paper, Chang et al. proposed an authentication scheme for E-coupon systems and proved that their scheme can prevent a range of attacks. In this paper, we reanalyze the Chang et al.’ scheme and demonstrate that it cannot resist off-line password attack, masquerading shop attack and masquerading customer attack. Moreover, it cannot achieve two security properties that is anonymity and traceability. Meanwhile, Lee proposed an efficient chaotic maps-based authentication and key agreement scheme using smartcards for telecare medicine information systems. In the scheme, we find it also cannot resist off-line password attack, masquerading attack. Unfortunately, it resists an deadly error. So the scheme cannot run.

This paper presents a lightweight index does not suspend services online update program, and demonstrate the performance of the index update program from the theoretical analysis and experimental data in two ways. A new method of MapReduce existing index methodology based on this design and further discussion are done in the paper, in the index MapReduce and Hadoop MapReduce feasibility aspects, the design flaws through experimentation.

For the shortcomings of the traditional workflow in flexibility, this paper analyzes the advantages of Role Based Access Control Technology (RBAC) in realizing procedure permission dynamic management. With RBAC applied in it, this paper also constructs the flexible workflow model of Role Based Access Control and gives out the definition of the engine as well as the components concerned. In addition, it also solves the problems of the flexible operation of resource and dynamic assigning tasks in the business process, and applies the engine into the specific business process.

A Chinese web-page classification algorithm based on SVM including the important aspects of text preprocessing, feature selection and multiple-Classification algorithm. In this paper, based on the analyses of features of Web documents, this paper does research the approach of classification in Support Vector Machine (SVM) and select of Kernel function. Furthermore, a web-page classification model and algorithm that is based on Binary Tree SVM is presented. The experiments show that it not only reduces the size of train set, but also has very high training efficiency. Its precision and recall are better.

Mental model is the key to meet user’s needs, improve effectiveness and reduce critical errors of the interaction in the e-book application interface development. Constructing app function rules based on mental model is a research focus in menu interface design of e-book application. In this paper, college students were selected as target user group with comparison between light users and heavy users. By interviews and observations on users’ behavior of reading e-book and paper book, thus a scheme of function definition of e-book app based on users’ goal and behavior needs was formed, which can be applied to construct interface layout based on college students’ mental models, thus be propitious to enhancing user experience.

An execution system of distributed performance testing is designed in this paper, which provides a mechanism of node communication, test script deployment, test scheduling, execution-driving and test result collection in distributed environment. A workload model is established, by which testers can describe the performance testing requirement. A performance testing framework is given, which simulates user behaviors in real environment based on virtual users so as to generate workload from the system under test (SUT). It can control the execution of virtual users by TTCN-3 standard interface. After executing the performance testing, test report is generated by extracting log. A method of generating performance test-case is studied by reusing functional test scripts. By executing performance testing on an online bookstore, this paper demonstrates the availability of the method of reusing TTCN-3 functional test scripts and the capability of distributed performance testing system established.

In order to solve the problem of ECG being complex, and the problem of abnormal ECG signal analysis standards being not uniform, this paper analyzes Lin Zetao’s clustering algorithm research achievements in the classification of abnormal heart rate. According to the characteristics of the clustering algorithm which is suitable for dealing with the rare data and the large amounts of data, this paper makes the analysis of the method of setting parameters in key process of the application of the clustering algorithm. This paper proposes an accurate clustering algorithm (LCFCM) about abnormal ECG which combines logical judgment, cluster analysis and fuzzy clustering together. Based on the algorithm design requirements, this algorithm perfects the logical judgment criteria and the key technologies of the ECG waveform vector extraction method. Ultimately, the MIT-BIH database is used as the sample to make experiment. The experiment shows that, this paper proposes LCFCM algorithm, whose accurate rate toward the classification of the abnormal heart rate reaches 93%. And at the same time, the good self-adaptive algorithm on different individuals ECG, has good practical value.

The query of database must rely on professional query language, which is difficult to grasp for ordinary users. Natural language query interface (NLQI) can be applied to solve this problem with better human-computer interaction and intelligence. However, current natural language understanding technology is not mature. Though the query sentences’ structure is fixed, it is also difficult to accurately convert query sentences into understandable database query language for computer. Therefore a method of designing NLQI based on syntax and semantic analysis is proposed in this paper. First of all, Maximum forward and maximum reverse matching algorithms are used to analyse sentence by part of speech (POS) template, which is able to demonstrate the syntax relationship among the words. After syntax analysis, query conditions and targets are identified. Then, single conditions and targets are analyzed to relative standard forms by the relationship among entity, property, connect verb and unit. At last, these standard forms are transformed to SQL sentence. Regarding printing ERP system as experimental subject, experiment is done in this paper. The result shows that the method proposed in this paper can meet the needs of natural language query, and has a good transform effect for combination, omitting and other complex sentences.

In today's society rapid development of science and technology, the computer figure image design can be widely used in various industries. In the film and television, advertising, exhibition, art, electronic play in areas such as lack of necessary computer graphics design. With the development of computer information technology, the design of the graphics technology will progress. On the technology no longer content with a simple graphics rendering, more note focus on visual sense of the data, enhance the figure shape the image of beauty and expression. This paper mainly discusses the computer graphics design and visual communication design in today's society rapid development of science and technology, computer graphics design has also been extensively applied to various industries. In the film and television, advertising, exhibition, art, video games, and other fields are short of necessary computer graphics design. With the development of information technology, computing machine graphics design technology progress. Current technology is no longer satisfied with the image of a simple now, pay more attention to the visual sensation of biography and enhance the figure shape the image of aesthetic feeling and expression. This paper mainly discusses the computer graphics design and research of visual communication design.

In order to solve signal timing optimization problem of the cross intersection with irregular four phases, this paper presents a new method based on the calculation of lane design capacity. There are five steps of the application in this paper: the collection and simple statistics of basic data; the analysis of present situation; the formulation and solution of signal timing optimization model; the evaluation of optimization results which are based on simulation software VISSIM; an actual example was tested to verify the feasibility of the optimization model.

Video server providers invest more and more on the server, for how to provide a stable and low-cost continuous service to users of this problem. In this paper, hybrid architecture in the user how to choose a cloud server in-depth analysis. And how to choose a cloud server for this problem, this paper analyzes the current server selection method, coupled with P2P mode users the ability to upload and server memory on this basis for modeling, then verified through simulation experiments proposed the effectiveness of the method.

Geographic Information Service is open service based on the network environment. DEM should be protected because of its significance. This paper gives three methods for DEM information protecting, they are DEM encrypting, DEM information hiding and DEM Information disguising, and researches their theories and techniques. Then, this paper analyses their differences and relation. This paper could provide theory support for DEM information security research in Geographic Information Service.

With the development of wireless communication and networks technologies, the WAP is widely used. For the WAP, HTML needs to be transcoded into WML pages, so as to implement information browse of wireless terminals. This paper designs an intermediate transcoding model based on XML, which can solve the problem of transcoding from HTML pages to WML pages through XML intermediate bridge. This paper implements the design of the model, and then the experiment of pages transcoding is tested based on text file examples. The experiment results show the transcoding model has more accuracy and higher efficiency than other methods.

Batch production in chemical flow shop is conducted with batch as processing unit. It is characterized by multi-stage production flow, intermediate inventory limit as well as product switching time. This paper presents heuristic difference evolution algorithm which adopts 2-D codes to represent batch size constraint. The experimental results show that the model and algorithm put forward in this paper has good performance.

Current remote attestation schemes in trusted cloud computing lack of dynamic measure scheme of virtual computing nodes. In this paper, by the analysis and comparison of existing remote attestation technology, we propose a trust measure of virtual computing node running state, and a remote attestation scheme based on the trust measure results and CP-ABE attribute access control. By RO security analysis, and a simulation, we verify the security and efficiency of the program. The trust measure of platform running state is mainly based on the trust rating of the programs running on the platform, and a total trust value of the platform by an algorithm. The trust measure of virtual computing node running state is mainly based on the trust measure of the programs running on the platform and CP-ABE attribute access control. The remote attestation for the trust measure of platform running state is based on CDH problem. In this paper, we carry out simulation experiment with different proportions of non-credible nodes and the experiment results verify the trust evaluation efficiency of the scheme on the virtual machine.

With the rapid development of information technology, learning online has become another way for learners to acquire knowledge. Network can provide learners with learning opportunity anytime and anywhere, which arouse learners' interest in learning, improve learning effect, and is also an important means of constructing a learning society in China. This paper introduces the requirements analysis of the system and function. This paper first carry out a self-help web-based English learning system requirement analysis and feasibility analysis by combining with the software requirements analysis and system requirement of relevant theoretical knowledge; and then conceive of self-service learning system the main function of the structure completed by combining with the requirement analysis and feasibility analysis of this system.

Based on the study of abroad foundation on visual theory, we conduct depth discussion of the current introduction of visual teaching meaning. For the current computer graphics course content, we determine a visual teaching content and objectives, carry out the study and practice of computer graphics algorithm visualization teaching. This paper uses VB 6.0 visual programming tool to generate the basic primitives, polygon filling, cut a straight line segment, curve generation and visualization of fractal algorithm design and realization. Through analysis, this paper hold that use of visual teaching has a positive effect and influence for professors to change the way teachers help students understand computer graphics algorithm. In the process of teaching, students improve the understanding, exploration, discovery and creativity through observation, conjecture and verify.

The paper starts from performance optimization of Oracle database. Based on analysis of Oracle structure, the paper explores performance optimization of Oracle database for database parameters, application system and network load. And the paper expounds reasonable planning of database and how to analyze and improve the performance after operation, and how to optimize a database with satisfying performance.

The paper put forward a new aided translation's pattern, Bilingual Assisted Translation Search Engine. It's different from traditional machine translation, does not rely on the computer's automatic translation, but according to relevant translation list given by system, and get the correct translation by people. Compared with automatic translation machine, it has better quality; compared with artificial translation, it has more efficient. For users, the relevant translation we provide more accurate and matching unless there is a large corpus, so the core of the system is the construction of the bilingual corpus. The paper adopted the method of web data mining and search engine technology, completed the construction of large-scale corpus automatically.

Mechanical drawing language EQS, its full name is Equally Spaced, which means the uniform distribution of meaning. Now, its importance is more and more incarcerating. This paper outlined the application of EQS in Applied Linguistics, firstly introduces the general situation, then describes the modeling steps; finally applied linguistics tells the story of EQS. In this paper, it mainly used the literature review method and literature survey.

Cloud computing technology is emerging technology in the field of information technology, and its technical advantage has brought new opportunities and challenges for the development and service of digital library in the Internet era. Virtualization is the key technology of cloud computing, and the paper discusses the virtualization of digital library in the cloud computing environment from technical level. Firstly, the paper introduced cloud computing and virtualization technology; then created a virtualized environment for digital library based on the cloud computing technology, and described the function of various levels; finally, the capacity of virtual machines appointment scheduling can be calculated according to formulas. The paper has great significance in enhancing the efficiency and quality of library service, constructing resource sharing system of digital library.

In order to adapt to the demand of integration and sharing about electrical power school and to break the limitation of "Islands of information", it is necessary to develop a loosely coupled information system. This paper introduces the system application demand of electrical power school, and designs the functions of the system and scientific object-oriented data model. A concept of operating mode information system is designed based on cloud computing. Object-oriented programming language C# is used to develop the prototype of the system. The result of application is showed in various UI. This paper provides a valuable reference for the information technology future about electrical power school

In this paper,machine translation and computer-aided translation are researched, in conjunction with the problems that the author encountered with the existing translation tools when translating mechanical engineering files, the necessity and idea of the mechanical engineering translation computer-aided tool brought forward. This tool aims at mechanical engineering translation features, improves speed and quality of mechanical engineering translation, ignores the language complexity and ambiguity, and introduces a mechanism of symbols for words and expressions. According to this paper, the PTCAT is designed and implemented.

With the rapid development of society especially the industry, water pollution has become more and more serious caused by all types of wastewater. In this paper, the design and implementation of a water quality monitoring system framework based on wireless sensor network for water quality monitoring has been achieved. And then, by merging and matching environmental data and spatial data, more intensive multi-source water quality parameters and information can be obtained to act as meaningful supplementation of fixed water quality monitoring stations. The research of this paper is conductive to the transition of water quality monitoring from static ways to dynamic ways and from data-based empirical model to sensor network-based quantitative model. The realization of water quality monitoring system framework based on wireless sensor network for water quality monitoring is helpful to make current water quality monitoring more timely, dynamic, integrated and intelligent, which represents the prosperous trend of water quality monitoring.

With the development of computer network technology, Java has a fairly extensive use of die circumference. Especially in recent years, the development of the smart phone system is also stimulated the use of the Java language. In this paper, Java server is mainly divided into two categories JSP server and Java EE servers. Java EE function which has more features than perfect JSP servers. Application server is a chief platform of Web-based application. J2EE is a standard of enterprise-scale application server. In this paper J2EE is analyzed from the point of view of software architecture and Java-based application development. Some defects of J2EE are pointed out, such as J2EE being unable to support version management and it having diverse concepts and notions due to its multi-tier architecture. Furthermore, a light weight application server—J Web Frame is developed, which overcomes some problems of J2EE.

Based on Web data, the paper regarded data series mining technology as research content, researched and realized sequence GSP algorithm with higher mining efficiency on sequence pattern, tested the algorithm and analyzed mining pattern. Moreover, the paper realized a scheme that used data warehouse (DW) to excavate sequence of Web visit to use entirely, tested the scheme by adopting logs of real business sites, analyzed mining results and drew a conclusion that this algorithm had an excellent application effect.

this paper uses a new genetic algorithm (New Genetic Algorithm, NGA) to implement the automatic group volume function, solving the problem that the paper is not fully considered scores distribution of knowledge points in the test paper (test dimension) in the system using traditional genetic algorithm (Genetic Algorithm, GA) to implement automatic group volume, putting forward and redefining the fitness function to speed up the convergence. Simulation experiments show that the NGA algorithm is not only efficient, but can generate a valid paper, making the paper score can on the multi-dimensional of the test as far as possible to achieve uniform distribution.

The paper introduces the recent advances of machine translation technologies by decrypting several famous machine translation systems, and discusses the trend of the future development. The application of machine translation is introduced at last. In this paper, machine translation of the core of a few, summed up the machine translation system framework, discussed the modeling machine translation factors should be taken into account, a detailed analysis of segmentation, alignment sentence, the translation of knowledge acquisition, translation clips choice and in the machine translation: Generation's role in the process, completed a Machine Translation modeling, achieving a machine translation system.

Chinese plays an important role in human life, so Chinese online examination system must be developed in the light of shortcomings of the traditional Chinese examinations. Data flow diagram and data dictionary in this paper are the basic work of developing Chinese online examination system and lay the foundation for requirement analysis. A hierarchical data flow diagram was built in the data flow diagram, and the top-level data flow diagram consists of two things: the system name and two external entities that are teacher and student, and one-layer data flow diagram was divided into teacher subsystem and student subsystem data flow diagram according to subsystem; extracted one from each category entries in the data dictionary, and teachers (external entities), papers information (data stream), papers generation (processing), submission information tables (data storage) were described namely.

School enterprise cooperation mode is the double oriented education model based on enterprises needs and teaching goal, and is an effective way of improving the universities teaching quality and cultivating students' practice innovation ability. Based on the network perspective and enterprise demand, the paper designs a kind of new business English teaching cases computer system, and the system uses the internet interactivity make enterprise staff and teachers can achieve real-time interaction. In order to optimize the teaching case system, this paper uses parabolic interpolation to carry on multi node modification for the network transmission signal, and then a single objective network nodes optimization model will be established, and the use of VB software carries out visual programming for the system, it can enhance the system easy to operate and real-time interaction, which provides a new method for the design of computer English teaching case.

The safety issue of cloud computing arouses much attention recently. In this paper, it is firstly introduced the related concepts, then it is introduced the current situation of cloud computing as well as potential safety hazards and security reference model. The conclusion is drawn in the end of this paper.

Cloud computing and mobile Internet is a new computing model based on Internet business that is a mixture of many technical results, it has the advantage of safe and reliable, massive information storage, fast and convenient. This paper mainly discusses the advantages of mobile digital library, and puts forward the mode of constructing the cloud computing and mobile Internet library based on information platform, analyzes the basic architecture of mobile library, in-depth study cloud computing and mobile Internet in library information platform access model and database model, finally the paper gives general idea to construct digital library using mobile WAP Technology.

This paper presents an approach to various forms of security and different access levels required in an information system by analyzing mathematical models that can be applied to this field. By describing their structural characteristics and how they find implementation in the study of information security, this paper underlines the necessity, means and effectiveness of information security modeling. The conclusions of this paper highlight the importance of a well-defined security risk management and how achieving this goal provides an opening for future research.

This paper studies the software automatic test in virtual machine environment. The existing software automatic testing technology is not compatible for virtual machine. Cloud-based virtual environment provides a new means for the software test. A novel testing framework is proposed in this paper. The new technology combined cloud-based virtual environment and related the software automation tool. The fully test procedure are provided with test design, test develop, test execute and test result collection. The character for different application could be supported in this framework. The virtualization technology is used to test some applications and proved effective.

This paper analyzed current network security of the small and medium-sized enterprise, and discusses the existing problem in small and medium-sized enterprises and the existing technology, and network security and management. Finally the paper points out the network security and proposed network security model with four layers (application layer, system layer, network layer, physical layer) network defense in depth security solutions and network security deployment plan based on the MPDRR (safety management, safety protection, safety inspection, safety, security response recovery).