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The impact of coated paper printability for image quality on the high-fidelity digital printing was studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional printing technology, high-fidelity digital printing technology is more likely to expand the color gamut, maintain the original tone linear and produce vivid image. The performance of coated paper to a large extent determines the image quality. In order to get high-quality printed matters, the mechanism of the coated paper printability influencing on the performance on high-fidelity digital printing is need to be researched in-depth. The printability of coated paper was studied from several aspects in this paper, including the structural properties, roughness, optical properties, absorption etc, the relationships between these properties and printing color, dot reproduction performance were also studied. Based on the previous theoretical and practical studies, the printability evaluation system of coated paper on high-fidelity digital printing was established initially. On digital printing, accurate color management technology also affects the printing quality as the performance of coated paper, so the advanced color management technology was also used in the current study. The results showed that the pore structure and the absorbent of coated paper were the most important factors for affecting the printing quality, and the roughness and optical properties of coated paper also had a certain impact.

When we think of paper-folding, we usually think first of the name that is usually associated with it: origami. But in the field of architecture, origami is more than just imagining an animal or flower which is what this word usually brings to mind. In architecture, we extend the meaning to take in the real essence of the word – that of great structural and constructional loads. The basic unit of origami – the fold – allows us to start manipulating space and even to create space itself. Paper-folding, with its spatial modelling potential, is to three-dimensionality what drawing is to two-dimensionality. It is after all an ancient Japanese art which encapsulates the advantages of intuitive thinking and fast modelling, once the basic elements of folding are known. Heino Engel (2001) in his book “Structural Systems”, describes intensive studies on types of structures which derive from this systematization. And the architect Ming Tang often uses structures in his projects which clearly originate in the concept of origami, and he correlates these structures with sustainable materials. The architect Michael Hansmeyer manages to incorporate all the beauty of the action of folding with the help of a computer, where the final result is a shape that approaches a real application at an architectural level. Over time, there have been numerous people who have found a relationship between the harmony and proportions of paper-folding and their own studies and projects. What is missing is a single point where clear concepts on the possibilities of folding and the results of those who have experimented with it can be brought together. This cataloguing, which is being carried out in this Master’s dissertation, is intended to be a contribution to the design method in architecture, through which the architect may achieve spatial dexterity over a piece of paper.

By using printability tester for printing on ordinary white cardboard and light beam hologram paper, measuring spectral information and chrominance information of the two samples, and then perform spectral fitting by analyses their color characteristics, The aim of this research was to propose one method for color calculation of printing on light beam hologram papers, according to the color information of ordinary white cardboard.

Most paper-based 3D color printers are plagued by the problem of slow printing speed, which is caused by the double-sided coloration for A4 office paper during the printing process. In order to resolve this issue, we propose a new fast and reliable coloration algorithm using geometric information in STL file, given the existing slicing methods. During the entire process, the colored surface is determined by D value that represents the positive or negative slope of layer in the 3D model after slicing. Colored inks with corresponding permeability are used to print single-sided or double-sided to accelerate the printing speed. For the given 3D models, the efficiency of the speedup is discussed and qualitatively analyzed. The results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the printing speed of paper-based 3D color printers, based on the existing materials and apparatus, at a lower cost than the common approaches.

Peer review is a new phenomenon in the process of internationalization of academic journals, but also a worldwide problem. In this paper, the development and practical application of peer review system are sort out, which are based on objective data research of domestic and international academic journals; the problems of network online published papers in practice are analyzed and explored by modern advanced network technology as the application tool, and how scientific orientation are they to play an effective role. The purpose of paper is in order to ensure the impartiality of the academic council, spread rapidly and use information resources, and further promote to enhance the overall level of academic journals.

Most of the scientific research engines utilize the same way to rank scientific research papers (SRP), this way is highly depend on the citation network. The retrieved results of these engines for any keyword contain old papers with the highest citation value. In this paper, we proposed a new and easy to implement ranking algorithm for scientific research papers known as Paper Time Ranking Algorithm (PTRA). PTRA is a new ranking algorithm that depends on three factors to rank its results; paper age, citation index and publication venue. To construct and prove our ranking algorithm we created a web crawler that crawl different scientific search papers databases in the world to collect the information that PTRA needs. Unfortunately, some of this information was missing, such as, the impact factor of the journals. To collect this information, we created another crawler that search the Internet for these journals impact factors. However, to prove our ranking algorithm results, we have compared PTRA with Google scholar ranking algorithm. We used Google scholar, since it has more than 50 million papers and its own system can gather and collect papers in a faster way. Our comparison results show that, citation index has the highest impact on Google scholars ranking algorithm results. Unlike PTRA that gains the paper age a higher impact on the ranked results. However, PTRA depends on the citation index and publication venue to rank the results but with less impact than the paper age.

The contribution deals with the possibilities of the use of existing commercially available vectorization programs for recognition drawing entities in raster graphics format obtained by scanning of the engineering drawing. Drawing entities as a line (solid, dashed, dot-dashed etc.), dimension, hatch, various symbols, text, etc., have specific semantic for the designer defined by standards. Expert knows to interpret this graphic language and he knows to create a mental model of the real object. To be able interpret digital content of the engineering drawing obtained by scanning by the form of 3D computer model often requires to perform many intelligent operations. In the first step it is necessary to obtain such vector representation of the scanned drawing to be able to identify the original drawing entities. Suitability of using the contemporary commercial vectorizing programs for engineering drawings was verified on the test sample of the drawing entities and the results are published in the paper.

College English examination is an important part of university English education, for the difficult problems in the process of examination organization and management, in this paper, the intelligent test paper composition research based on genetic algorithm. First, basic research, including the basic idea of genetic algorithm, algorithm flow and perform operations on groups; then, studies test paper composition model, the test paper problem described as question number, question types, difficulty, discrimination, score, answer time, using the frequency property and other attributes, constituted seven dimensional vector. Finally, test paper composition design, to generate the initial population, fitness function design, operation operator design, algorithm terminates and others, four key steps were designed. The content of this paper to meet the quality and speed requirements of university English test paper composition, and has the advantages of randomness, scientificalness and so on.

Nowadays, the computer is increasingly popular, and college examination is developing in the direction of traditional examination means to automation and intelligence ones gradually, all these make it inevitable to construct question bank for courses, and to generate test paper using computers. This paper uses the Delphi technique, to make improvements to existing components, combining with VBA programming, and use of SQL Server to implement the question bank management and test paper auto-generation system, which could generate test paper in Word Document. A large number of tests show that the software is running stably and system features are functioning correctly on Windows 2000/XP/2003 platform with Office XP/2003 environment.

As a important part of teaching, Traditional paper analysis algorithm is complicated and not comprehensive enough. This paper according to the indicators of education measurement and improves the traditional calculation models, the system assesses the perfect calculation model, The teacher also can get the true and fast reaction to students' knowledge and the quality of the paper. This method thereby provides a convincing basis for the improvement on the future teaching and increase the effectiveness in teaching

The color reproduction is based on visual perception. The psychophysics experiments present the light source; illuminants and view background affect the results of color matching. Paper is a typical substrate for printed color matching and effects printed color greatly. Now almost all of print papers contain optical brightening agents, which changes significantly the color appearance of printed color and makes color shifting of printed color matching. This paper used CAT02 chromatic adaptation models to transform the measurements of printed color in paper with and without OBA, compared the effect of printed color matching between before and after transforming with display, present the method using chromatic adaptation transforms to improve the accurate of printed color matching.

In this research, paper material with different performance (e.g. brightness, fiber type, filler retention, coating weight, etc.) is the main subject. According to analysis of physicochemical properties for paper material and experimental results for corresponding printing qualities, the research presents the relationship between paper optical property and printing quality. And on that basis, it also pays more attention to optical effects (such as reflection, scattering, absorbing, concentration) and mechanism of paper with different brightness, research on best visual brightness, contrast and so on, which reveals vision laws among paper optical performance, printings and humans.

The research described in this article focuses on one important aspect of monitoring scientific and technological trends and tries to examine topics of research and trends in the photovoltaic field. The data used to examine the research and trends were scientific and technological literature published during the last five years, which were exhaustively collected from the two SCI journals that specialize in photovoltaic and solar energy research. In order to analyze the 2,031 academic papers colllected, text-mining was applied. As a result, research topics were identified through document clustering and classified through text categorization into four major subjects; ‘Cell’, ‘Module/Array’, ‘System’ and ‘Relative/Advanced.’

the paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of the honeycomb core composite wallboard, and put forward various solutions on the problems that the honeycomb core composite wallboard on juncture place easily crack. According to the advantages and disadvantages, the optimal measures are to use CFRP paste connection joints. Tested by experiments, the results show that: for using cellular wall materials as new buildings retaining wall materials, CFRP enhancement processing juncture surface can effectively restrain cracks, and the results are ideal; for existing buildings retaining wall, gives suggestions about enhancement processing, and proves its feasibility.

The prediction of color appearance is the basic theory and technology in modern color science field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the color appearance of packaging and printing atlas. This paper took high gloss double-sided coated paper color printing atlas as the experimental samples. The color samples are measured using ACS color-matching instrument under different light sources (D65, A and TL84), then based on color science and visual psychophysics methods, establishing the datasets of the samples’ color appearance. We use mathematical statistics methods, correlation coefficient R2 and coefficient of variation CV, to evaluate the visual prediction results in the color atlas, under three different light sources.

Organisations are becoming more intensively conscious about energy related-topics. The overall societal recognition, changing legal requirements and cost reduction pressure results in increasing interests in holistic energy management activities well embedded into the overall facilities and asset management context.This paper aims to specify the information requirements for setting-up energy management system. Such a system aims to ensure that owners, tenants and operators of buildings can deliver facility and energy management services in compliance to the relevant legislative, technical and environmental standards. Initial information requirements for such a system were developed over the past nine months and are presented in this paper.

With the development of the concept of Industry 4.0, research relating to robots is being paid more and more attention, among which the humanoid robot is a very important research topic. The humanoid robot is a robot with a bipedal mechanism. Due to the physical mechanism, humanoid robots can maneuver more easily in complex terrains, such as going up and down the stairs. However, humanoid robots often fall from imbalance. Whether or not the robot can stand up on its own after a fall is a key research issue. However, the often used method of hand tuning to allow robots to stand on its own is very inefficient. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes an automatic learning system based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This system allows the robot to learn how to achieve the motion of rebalancing after a fall. To allow the robot to have the capability of object recognition, this paper also applies the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to let the robot perform image recognition and successfully distinguish between 10 types of objects. The effectiveness and feasibility of the motion learning algorithm and the CNN based image classification for vision system proposed in this paper has been confirmed in the experimental results.

The demand for high accuracy on automated harvesters is getting higher. While system accuracy is lowered by vibration resulted when a robot with sensors and arms is running on the field. Applying suspension system onto these automated harvesters is a solution to reduce the vibration effects and assure required accuracy. This paper presents a model of the suspension system for a robotic asparagus harvester. The simulation results showed that the peak value of vibration was reduced to an acceptable level. Most importantly, the peak deflection of a vibrated platform was decreased to a required range as well. At the end of this paper, a conclusion is drawn. A suspension system is suggested to reduce vibration effects and improve the accuracy of both sensors and picking arms for mobile manipulators. In the future, this suspension system will be fabricated and installed onto a robotic asparagus harvester to validate this proposed model.

Energy efficiency is a well-known and often implemented energy-related activity with a variety of different characteristics and fields of application. Energy efficient solutions, especially for pneumatic and electric intensive processes, are usually applied to minimise the electric and pneumatic energy consumption in the field of production. Especially in complex machinery it must be avoided that the energy consumption influences the productivity or quality of the product. On the other hand, due to volatile energy supply from renewable sources, there is a growing awareness of energy flexibility, which is mainly implemented on energy-intensive processes such as metal production, foundries, chemical processes and paper industry. An increase of the energy flexibility potential of machines often influences the energy efficiency. In other cases, energy efficiency and energy flexibility actions can be conducted without an interaction. This paper compares the definition and characteristics of energy efficiency as well as energy flexibility actions. An application of energy flexibility as well as efficiency actions can lead to optimised energy consumption behaviour of production machinery.

The paper presents an intralogistics routing-service for autonomous and versatile transport vehicles. An infrastructural sensor digitize the workspace of the vehicle and is the basis for the vehicle-specific routing plan. Nowadays, a central computing unit allocates transportation task to a known number of automated guided vehicles, which are usually of the same type. Furthermore, this device generates a routing appropriate to the dimensions and the kinematic gauge of the vehicle fleet. The pathing for each specific vehicle is calculated and the result is send to the different entities. The approach of this paper bases on the digitization of the workspace with a ceiling camera, which divides the scenery into moving obstacles and an adaptive background picture. A central computing unit receives the background picture of several cameras and stitch them together to an overview of the entire workspace, e.g. a production hall. Furthermore, the approach includes the development of automated guided vehicles to versatile autonomous vehicles, were each entity is able to calculate the pathing on a given routing plan. A fleet of versatile autonomous vehicles consists of vehicles with task-specific dimensions and kinematic gauges. Therefore, each vehicle needs its own routing-plan. The solution is that each vehicles uses a vehicle parameter-server and register itself with these parameters at the routing unit. This unit is calculating a routing-plan for each specific vehicle dimension and gauge and providing it. When getting a new task, the vehicles uses this routing-plan to do the pathing. The routing-algorithm is implemented inside the service-layer of the versatile autonomous vehicle system. This approach lowers the amount of data, which is send between the service layer and the transportation entities by reducing the information of the workspace to the possible routes of each specific vehicle. Furthermore, the calculation time for routing and pathing is lowered, because each vehicle is calculating its task-specific path, but the route-map is calculated once for each vehicle-type by the routing-service.

Despite numerous research activities, guidelines and regulations, the exploitation of energy and resource efficiency potentials at companies in the field of electric drive technology is still lagging behind. Existing catalogues of measures and research results are mostly too generic or too theoretic for companies, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Thus, this paper proposes the development of a user-oriented software system that supports the consideration of sustainability aspects within the product and process development of electric drives. The core component of this concept is a knowledge-based system (KBS), which reveals the wide range of energy and resource efficiency potentials along the whole product life cycle. In particular, correlations that exist between the individual saving potentials are to be mapped. By presenting the general solution concept and current stage of development, this paper provides the basis for future research which should focus on the further elaboration and prototypical implementation of the system proposed here.

In this paper is presented a few models of a robotic snake like unit which can be used in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). In particular, this paper focuses on the flexible unit details. It’s rigid links can be fabricated using selective materials that are light-weight and slim. Thus, this flexible unit can be inserted through one small cavity. Finally, we show that the selected flexible unit may be a very good alternative for Single Port Access (SPA) surgery or this can be used in other environments as well.

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as an independent reference value for evaluating energy efficiency of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Nowadays an essential challenge is represented by a proper evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison serves as a first step towards the goal in order to reveal the actual energy savings potential of additive manufacturing procedures and to take actions on this basis. Therefore, as a first step the basic concept of the additive manufacturing principle is introduced. Subsequent the scope of the current research regarding the considered additive manufacturing techniques is illustrated. Afterwards the general system of the Least Energy Demand is presented, which serves the needs in terms of evaluating the energy efficiency of additive manufacturing processes. To sustain the comparability of the Least Energy Demand between the presented AM-procedures a solid basis for further calculations is established. Finally this paper concludes with the results of the calculated Least Energy Demands for the individual additive manufacturing processes and a comprehensive energetic comparison.

In this paper, the reliability and reliability sensitivity of the main shaft device of a hoist system is studied. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a modeling method for the joint probability distribution of main shaft device with coupling faults based on the system reliability theory and copula function theory. The stochastic response of the main shaft device is obtained using design of experiment. The reliability of the main shaft device is calculated based on the fourth moment method. The reliability sensitivity is then deduced based on the reliability results. The joint probability of failure between correlated failure modes is estimated based on the Gumbel copula. The system reliability evaluation of the main shaft device is then calculated. A numerical example of a main shaft device is illustrated to validate the application of the proposed method. The method proposed in this study can be provided for the analysis and design of the main shaft device of deep well hoist as a necessary theoretical basis.

Much progress has been made in the field of digital imaging technology with the widespread use of CMOS and CCD devices and the high computing power of IC chips. However, there still are many technological problems to overcome to achieve lightweight and affordable high density 3D lossless imaging for both industrial and scientific applications. This paper will focus on the latest development of freeform optical technology and powerful image analysis techniques to develop a compound eye camera system so as to extract the 3D relative position coordinates of the sub-object in the field of view, and to compensate the shadow effect in the images caused by the non-uniform illumination to obtain high quality lossless images. Such a novel compound eye system will find applications in delivering 3D image of digital camera, increasing capability of scientific profiling measuring instrument, and lowering cost and enhancing resolution of wide-field, video-rate, gigapixel cameras such as the AWARE designed by Duke University.The main objective of this paper is to design a novel compound eye system from high definition 3D lossless digital imaging technology to achieve the realistic three-dimensional positional information of the object in both near and far fields. In the imaging process, the ultimate imaging quality is affected and limited by the resolution of the detector, the field of view, wavefront aberration, resolution of the optical imaging system and the ambient light.The novel compound eye imaging system includes two modules: one is the optical imaging module with compound eye optical elements with other secondary optical lenses, while the other one is the image analysis module. By combining the above optical hardware with the image analysis software, the relative position information of the sub-objects in the picture and the lighting condition of the environment can be deduced accurately.

Reinforced concrete (RC) is the most popular building material in the construction industry. It is a composite material in which low tensile strength and ductility of concrete are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength and ductility. The RC based structures are required to be replaced after their life time. Complete replacement will be a huge financial burden and might certainly be a waste of natural resources when upgrading or strengthening is an adoptable alternative. Strengthening can be achieved through retrofitting. The meaning of retrofitting is addition of new technology, components, accessories or features to older systems. Retrofitting may be required when the structure needs to be used for a purpose dealing with more load compared to design loads. It may also be used where old structures are needed to be upgraded. This paper is focused on the retrofitting of simply supported RC beams. Various materials like polymers, cementitious composites, steel sections etc. are used for retrofitting of RC beams. For the addition of these new materials to the existing ones, various techniques are used. This paper is a review of the materials and techniques used in retrofitting process of RC beams in existing buildings. The effectiveness of each material and technique is also reviewed.

Robotics and automation are playing very imperative role in the modern construction practice to meet the challenges and expectation specifically in the infrastructural projects. Automation is a tool for operating or controlling different stages of construction process using mechanized and electronic devices or control systems to reduce the human intervention to a minimum. The design and implementation of these automation technologies has shown progressive outcomes compared to conventional methods. Moreover, considerable improvement in working condition, reduction in accidents and significant increase in production have been evidently observed in the recent construction projects as well as in the earlier research studies. Although several countries have adopted automation in their construction projects, application of these techniques in India is limited to a greater extent due to lack of proper guidelines and specifications. It is important to develop appropriate standards and guidelines for Indian construction sector. This paper reviews different automation techniques that are currently used in many parts of the world and suggestions for their application in the Indian construction scenario are discussed in detail. Moreover, guidelines for efficient design and implementation of automation techniques in India are highlighted in this paper.

This paper aims to study the prediction of 4G traffic for customer’s demand of Lao Telecommunications Company (LTC) using statistical method called Cubic method. The data used in our paper are the actual number of customers and the actual bandwidth used by the customers in each month. Those actual data used for predicting the future number of customers and bandwidth used by the customers are collected from January 2014 to April 2015. The accuracy of the prediction is evaluated by using the Mean Square Error (MSE). In our paper, the derived average accuracy is 98%, the results may be used to considering for improving the throughput of Evolved Packet Core (EPC) there by providing the better service to the customer.

Creation of the intelligent system for highly structured domain is possible with determining the whole system of concepts included in the ontology of this area. Presentation by means of formal ontology model provides a uniquely interpreted terms. Based on the model of ontology the intelligent system will integrate their knowledge and information components of all sections of the data area. The paper considers the unification of nanomaterials subdomain with other subdomains that are need to be used for intelligent system for nanotechnology. The paper also proposes mathematical ontology model of one of the component - that is ontology model of foams and emulsions class.

The modern tools of today's concurrent engineering (CE) based management are a wide array of instruments, plans, software, technical skills, human capabilities and resources. This paper aims to emphasize the benefits of such a system implementation in a business environment based on case studies retrieved from scientific literature and author's personal experience in a private working environment. Constant team sessions, briefs, workshops and brainstorming sessions proved to be very powerful tools for the management teams subjected to these studies in order for them to develop fully stable concurrent teams. The paper also highlights the fact that even from the implementation phase the workflow within the CE offers excellent opportunities for continuous improvements of the system and fine tunings of tools that are correspondent to it. As result, CE proves to be one of the best systems around in terms of efficiency, scalability and of course, results.

The paper presents a theme of research through the analysis of flows' modelling and simulation in a flexible manufacturing system. It is studied the simulation with discrete events of a real manufacturing line with the software Delmia Quest. The objectives of this paper are to modelling and simulate the manufacturing system and to choose the properly probability distributions of a cycle time of each machine from this layout. A comparison of three distributions is presented and SCL implemented program will automatically display the values resulting from the manufacturing system simulation.

In this paper authors conducted analysis of management features on machine-tools with numerical control using neural network for achieving exactness. Applications of Hopfield networks are discussed in the paper along with application of neuron computers that offer decision making of tasks ticker-coil.

The paper describes an experimental determination of kinematic quantities using high-speed digital image correlation system. It deals with the analysis of minimal sampling frequency needed for correctly performed high-speed correlation analysis. The authors also describe the influence of cameras sampling frequency on the quality of the obtained results. Mentioned analysis was performed using a rotational object. For the purposes of the results comparison the data obtained from correlation system in a form of displacements in three mutually perpendicular directions were processed in Matlab and in the paper are depicted in a form of graphical visualizations.

The rising amount and complexity of machine tool control software forces developers andvendors to increase software quality assurance measures, especially system regression tests. Thesetests are mostly conducted manually at real machines and thus error-prone, expensive and timeconsuming.This paper discusses the state of the art in machine tool control software testing andproposes a new approach for the automated test of machine tool control software. Its outstandingfeature is a manufacturer-independent test environment that makes it possible to test control softwareon different control types with minimum overhead. The approach bases on a hardware-in-the-loopsimulation system and implies a concept for a uniform access to the multitude of communicationinterfaces of today’s controls. Furthermore, the paper shows the problems that make such a tooldifficult to define and gives a concept for implementation.

This paper is devoted to the study of distributed generation units impact on pricing on the wholesale power energy market. The paper deals with results the analysis of the wholesale electricity market and power. This analysis is necessary for proper impact assessment of distributed generation units on a total optimization. Optimization calculations performed for the real power system, when distributed generation units operating the basic and peak modes, as well as the cost-effectiveness of this modes.

In this paper, we present a new knowledge push technology for complex mechatronic products design based on ontology and variable precision rough set (VPRS). Ontology can explicitly represent knowledge semantics and let designers exchange knowledge about design and the product development process; while using the knowledge reduction method based on the VPRS method, the design knowledge repository is simplified and design rules also be distilled from the reduct design knowledge repository. On the basis of the above approach, multiple designers can efficiently share design knowledge and can obtain appropriate design knowledge during all design processes. Finally, a case is employed to validate the proposed method of this paper.

The aim of this paper is to presents an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of manufacturing process support using Artificial Intelligence (AI) by introducing a cross physical-information control system concept. The scope of the article covers description of logical architecture concept, data exchange process and autonomous steering mechanism using artificial intelligent method. The article indicates that in order to successfully support manufacturing process using Artificial Intelligence proper logical support system architecture need to be applied. It is important to emphasize that the use of AI method is not enough to cover multidimensional production issues of gathering and processing data. Therefore whole system need to be organized in this way to support AI with data to be processed. Thanks to that, it is possible to meet many different goals and achieve significant results in the field of manufacturing process. Because of that in this paper the main focus is put on system logical architecture with descriptions of each element involved. Moreover, the article describes AI controller mechanism applied running on real time raw data collected from machines and products. Findings presented within paper could be use in real case scenarios as a design pattern to develop, deploy or optimize production management systems in small-medium enterprises based on low cost solutions of Internet of Things (IoT) providing data to be analyzed with use of cloud computing technology running AI algorithms.

The 3D printing method for the human tooth is a possible and good solution in the manufacture. However, the shrinkage is the most challenging problem to manufacture the tooth. In this paper, CAE analysis and experimental design are applied to predict the shrinkage of different dentures shape. Then the CAD model of the dentures can be reverse amplified before the sintering process. The product will be close to the patients’ requirements with precise dentures shape. It also avoids the complicated procedure of CNC machining and reduces dentists finishing time. The dental bridge is the main research objective investigated in this paper to verify the CAE simulation developed by the authors.

This paper describes the development of an embedded SNTP clock which applies NTP Protocol to embedded clock to realize the high accuracy and precision SNTP client clock. It consists of three parts which are the communication part to communicate between NTP Server and SNTP client clock, the data processing part to process data packet, and maintain accuracy, precision of time, and the result displaying part to show time together with the reliability status of the clock. This article explains the concept of applying and analyzing NTP packet, process of maintaining accuracy and precision of time and displaying the result, and hardware, software designs. This paper will provide the introduction of NTP, the development of NTP on the embedded clock, the simulation, and results of the experiment.

This paper presents an overview of the state of art of mobile robots presenting aspects of their current level of sophistication, fields mobile robots are being presently used, the future application and scope of mobile robots. Classifying the primary research topics of multi-robot systems into seven major categories (Biological inspirations, architecture, localization/mapping/exploration, object transport and manipulation, motion co-ordination, reconfigurable and learning robot systems, vision), we discuss the current state of research in these areas. An attempt to cover the points for which a general agreement has emerged within the scientific domain, are then presented, followed by a discussion of alternative approaches and currently unsolved problems. This paper also reviews the most relevant literature and previous research activity regarding mobile robotics. We conclude by identifying more topics of scientific consensus, open research issues and a discussion of some application areas where mobile robots could be used with existing technology.

To provide fast digital communications systems, energy efficient, high-performance, low power is critical for decoding mobile receiver device. This paper proposes a low power optimization techniques in the Add Compare Select (ACS) unit for Space Time trellis codes (STTC) Viterbi decoder. STTC Viterbi decoder is used as a reference case. This paper discusses about how to lower the power in the ACS architecture, to optimize the Viterbi decoder STTC in reducing the total power consumption. Based on the results of design and analysis, power consumption Viterbi decoder modeling, low power system for STTC Viterbi decoder is proposed. Design and optimization of ACS unit in STTC Viterbi decoding is done using Verilog HDL language. Power analysis tools in the software Altera Quartus 2 is used for the synthesis of total system power consumption. Optimization strategy showed an increase of 83% power reduction compared to previous studies.

In this paper, a solution for the automatic control of a chemical exchange process carbon dioxide (CO2) – carbamate for the 13C isotope enrichment, is presented. The main original achievement from the paper is the inclusion of the previously mentioned non-linear technological process in a control structure. The design of the automatic control structure of the 13C isotope concentration is based on the Internal Model Control (IMC) strategy. The implementation details of all the elements from the structure of the proposed control system, in MATLAB/SIMULINK, are presented. Also, some relevant simulations of the automatic control structure are presented.

The paper deals with the designing and analysing of concrete structures. A particular attention is paid to a multi-segment slab made from reinforced concrete. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate, in a non-linear analysis, impacts of input parameters of the concrete on the real load-carrying capacity of the ceiling which has been designed originally in DeMKP. FEM software applications have been used in the analysis. This is an in-house application DeMKP for designing the systems in line with standardised procedures. Another software is ATENA Science which can be used for non-linear analyses.

Robots are playing a vital role in now a day in the field of manufacturing and component inspection. In general the hazardous environments as nuclear waste disposal, robots are really a high demand machine as an implementation of automation concepts that helpful to rectify the human errors and give more safety. In a view to meet such needs, this paper features the optimized new design of mechanical configuration of the robot suitable for inspection of outer surface welds present in the steel storage canister at nuclear industry with the help of NDT equipment. The effective utilization of universal joints and screw jack mechanisms at the base gives the higher order of degree of freedom when compare with currently available robots. The selection of the mechanical components and its comparison with the existing method is explained in brief. This paper describes the successive design calculations of major elements of manipulator. Generally, the purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of computer aided modelling of a robot mechanism and also state the advantage of development of software coding for difficult manual design. The MATLAB program was utilized to perform the automatic design calculation of manipulator Parts which gives the added advantage for this research effort.

This paper proposes a storage-independent model for SPARQL-to-SQL translation algorithm based on relational view. During the development of Web ontology researches, the study for translation from SPARQL to SQL still remain issue. Previous researches focus on efficient and complete translation from SPARQL queries into equivalent SQL queries. However, these translation algorithms depend on specific structure of storages. When we modify the structure of storage, the translation algorithm also should be modified suitable changed structure of storage. This motivates us to study the issue of a model for independent use upon storage structures of an algorithm, which can then be guaranteed independency between translation algorithms and storages by generating relational view, and it improves application and usability of a translation algorithm. In addition, this paper show experiment result about accuracy and no data loss rate of query results on several storages.

This paper proposed a spelling error detection and correction using the linguistic features and knowledge resource. The linguistic features mainly come from language model that describes the probability of a sentence. In practice, the formal document with typos is defective and fall short of the specifications, since typos and error hidden in printed document are frequent, rework will cause the waste of paper and ink. This paper proposed an approach that addresses the spelling errors and before printing. In this method, the linguistic features are used in this research to compare and increase a new feature additionally that is a function of Internet search based on knowledge bases. Combining these research manners, this paper expect to achieve the goals of confirming, improving the detection rate of typos, and reducing the waste of resources. Experimental results shows, the proposed method is practicable and efficient for users to detect the typos in the printed documents.

Various studies on the quality characteristics of products manufactured in different industrial conditions have been accomplished. The quality characteristics of welded metallic structures depend of the material and geometrical characteristics of the components, welded gap, welding speed, scheme and time of components fixing, etc. The paper presents main elements of an industrial research on the dimensional characteristics of a certain welded metallic structure. The research method used in this paper is the systematic analyse in industrial conditions, including welding robotised cell and 3D advanced measurement system.

An intrusion is a series of relevant actions that occur to a victim in some sequence through the Internet. In this paper, a serial episode mining is first applied to find all possible sophisticated Internet attacks, and then an episode pruning skill is applied to cut unnecessary ones to reduce administrator’s further effort. Input data, log files from a honeypot system, is regarded as a sequence of events, where each event has an associated time of occurrence. The method proposed in this paper can be used to detect abnormal Internet episodes including unknown attacks. Some experiments had been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In software design of complex systems, more time and effort are spent on verification than on constructions. Model checking for software verification techniques offer a large potential to obtain and early integration of verification in the design process. This paper describes how to easily specify and the software properties and to understand the software generating automatically invariant. In this paper deal with issue that state invariant is a property that holds in every reachable state. Not only can be used in understanding and analysis of complex software systems. In addition, it can be used for system verifications such as checking safety, consistency, and completeness. For these reasons, there are many vital researches for deriving state invariant from finite state machine models. In this research was to be considered to extract state invariant. Thus it is likely to be too complex for the user to understand. This paper let the user focus on some interested parts (called scopes) rather than a whole state space in a model. Computation Tree Logic (CTL) is used to specify scopes in which he/she is interested. Given a scope in CTL, forward reachability analysis is used to find out a set of states inside it. Obviously, a set of states calculated in this way is a subset of every reachable state. Keywords: Software verification, Invariant, Scopes, Model Checking

Numerical simulations are widely used for forming processes optimizations nowadays. They significantly contribute to improvement of forgings quality and production costs reduction. The crucial points of the numerical simulations are material input data and implemented material models. The paper is dealing with overview of methods for the input data measurement. There are discussed tests with various options of strain measurements as well as modifications of compression tests. Part of the paper is dealing with 3D strain measurements by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) enabling local strains measurements. DIC enables direct comparison of strains experimentally measured and strains obtained by numerical simulations, which is going to be presented. Finally, possibilities of complex material description considering plastic damage are presented. The last approach is the most accurate providing the most information on material behavior for FEM simulation, the procedure includes measurements on samples of various geometries with various stress strain conditions. Examples of sample sets for these measurements are shown here together with material models describing multiaxial plastic flow and damage.