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Anode surface plays important role for extracellular electron transfer (EET) of exoelectrogenic microbes in microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this report, the electrochemical performance of a TiO2nanorod array modified carbon paper electrode (TiO2NRs/CP) is greatly improved by controlled chemical etching process. The etching process keeps the array morphology but yields obvious hollows on tops of TiO2nanorods. The etched electrode (TiO2NRs-HOT/CP) exhibits better hydrophilicity than carbon paper (CP) and TiO2NRs/CP electrode as seen from smaller contact angle (CA) and more attached microbes S.loihica PV-4. Meanwhile, the hollows allow higher local concentration of microbial self-secreted flavins that can act as electron mediators for interfacial electron transfer of PV-4 through in-direct pathway. Accordingly, PV-4 produces larger current density at TiO2NRs-HOT/CP electrode with maximum current density of 0.038 mA cm–2, which was much higher than that at CP electrode, and almost five times higher than that at un-etched TiO2NRs/CP electrode.

This paper defines the efficiency similarity of different motor driving devices. Based on the efficiency function characteristics which can be approximately considered a concave, non-negative function through the origin, we present a kind of optimal control method for a felt driven by three different motors in paper machine. It gives the minimum total power consumption. The optimal control method is to keep the same torque rate for each motor driving device. This method is independent of the linearity or nonlinearity of the system and has no need for the system’s state equation or transfer function. Since the shapes of efficiency functions in nature are similar, the conclusion can also be applied to the energy optimization of other general devices.

Noise pollution is a workplace hazard which causes loss of hearing, depending on the sound pressure level and duration of exposure. Because duration of exposure is usually uncontrollable, sound absorbers are used to reduce the value of sound pressure level. A common method to reduce noise is to use porous sound absorbers made out of mineral wools or glass fibres. However, these materials pose health risks and are non-recyclable. This project aimed to fabricate a sound absorber using recycled paper which is in the form of egg cartons as an alternative to the abovementioned fibres. Paper fibres posses high fibre porosity and can be manufactured in a manner which the properties can be easily controlled, making them ideal to be made into sound absorbers. Furthermore, they are biodegradable, do not pose health risks and can be manufactured into different shapes easily. Recycled paper was first turned into pulp, blended and poured into moulds. Different amounts of pulp was compressed until the sample size was approximately 20 mm thick and then dried in a furnace dryer at 600C for 12 hours. The samples were tested using a two-microphone, transfer function impedance tubes according to the ISO 10534-2 standard. Its porosity was determined using a modified wash basin method. The results indicate that the optimum panel has an average noise reduction coefficient, (NRC) of 0.50, which qualifies it to be used as a sound absorbing material. It also encounters its maximum value of 0.98 which occurred at the 1575-1675 Hz range. When compared to other materials, recycled paper has similar properties as coir fibre and is quite comparable to other commercial sound absorbers at the same thickness.

Paper defects mean that there are some defects in the paper such as hole, emboss, and fold during the paper production, which mainly results from the limitation of technological level. In the past time, artificial visual inspection and off-line checking were often used to detect the paper defects. However, its shortcoming was highlighted along with the improvement of industrial technology level and increasing demand for paper. In order to realize the online detection and markers for paper defects, the project designs the on-line detection system based on line-scan digital camera. Firstly, the principle and detection scheme of the system for the paper defects was presented. Then the overall structure of the system was designed. After that, the hardware circuit of the system was designed using TMS320F2812 as main control chip. It mainly consists of the function of each module and the working process of the system. Finally, the software of the image acquisition system was presented. With the experimental verification, the system has advantages of low cost, high efficiency and strong resistance to interference. The functions and indexes achieved the design requirements.

In paper dryer section of the paper machine, paper dehydration is small, but the steam consumption for the process of dehydration is very large, this steam consumption has a great influence to the total steam consumption of the whole papermaking process. A method optimization of the dryer section based on genetic algorithm is proposed to reduce the dryer section steam consumption, which can reduce the total steam consumption of the papermaking process. After analyzing steam consumption of the whole drying process, the result is that the temperature of dryer section air is the key factor that influences the steam consumption. The model of paper machine dryer section is build with supply air temperature as a variable and steam consumption as the objective function, then using the genetic algorithm to optimize the supply air temperature. Simulation results show that after optimizing air temperature by genetic algorithm steam consumption of papermaking process is further reduced.

After introducing the principle of ventilation and dehumidification for closed steam hood, the key and difficulty points of its control are analyzed. Aiming at the production line of coating white board with surface sizing and high steam consumption, DCS system of steam hood based on SIMATIC S7-300 PLC is designed. The hardware structure and control algorithms are illustrated in detail. The control system has been applied on the paper machine with nearly 10 board paper plants of the coating white board paper base in Fuyang, Zhejiang province, and the good energy-saving control effect has been obtained.

The paper analyses the structural peculiarity and design methods of the adjustable heat pump, bring forward a new project which used adjustable heat pump system for paper machine dryers. The system can enhance the steam’s function, accelerate the speed and economize the energy.

This paper focuses on the study of a series of photoinitiators (PIs) present in a set of two paper and board samples which have different composition, grammage and thickness. The chemical compounds released by the paper packaging can contaminate food and may affect the safety and health of consumers.To evaluate if the paper and board could be used as food packaging material, partition coefficients (Kpaper/air) between paper and air of six kinds of PIs in white carton board and kraft paper were determined. The results indicated that Values of Kpaper/air from 1 to 4843 were obtained at different temperatures. Kpaper/air decreases with temperature increasing, and the value is proportional to grammage and thickness of the paper samples. The lower of the grammage and the thickness,the lower of Kpaper/air value will be. The Kpaper/air value of 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB) is the lowest, and the Kpaper/air value of 4-methylbenzophenone (MBP) is the highest.It shows that the Kpaper/air value depends on the boiling point of the chemical compounds, the chemical properties and the type of the paper sample.

The firing accuracy of trajectory correction rocket improves significantly after conducting trajectory correction. A trajectory correction rocket repetitious damage effectiveness model was proposed in this paper based on the original rocket damage effectiveness model, difference of repetitious damage effectiveness caused by the improvement of a certain type trajectory correction rocket was researched. Research conclusions have reference value for the determination of trajectory correction rocket accuracy index design, the actual operational use and operational effectiveness evaluation.

Energy utilization (pyrolysis) of residue from fibre recycling of used beverage cartons is very important. Identification the optimal technology for separation of aluminium from pyrolytic carbon and assessment of its quality in relationship to the pyrolysis conditions is necessary for recycling of Al. The particles of pyrolytic carbon are not pure carbon, they contain only from 65 to 83 % of carbon, the rest in ash coming from sorting and collection of waste (glass, porcelain). Process of pyrolysis and/or utilization of charge reactor influenced the chemical composition of Al particles by carbon enrichment at the rim of particles up to 30 % leading to decrease of reactivity of Al surface.

In order to ensure the dimensional accuracy of housing with small fillets, various forming factors have been analyzed in this paper based on finite element simulation. Through the analysis of the forming factors, the principle of die angle selection, the proper reverse drawing height in sizing process, sequence of sizing and applications of local sheet bulk metal forming in housing production were put forward, and some forming laws of housing with small fillets were concluded.

Due to the reasons of manufacture cost and mechanical efficiency, the gear transmissions for electric vehicles are helical gear reducers. For electric vehicles, the reduction ratios are required to be 11~30 and their gear reducers are helical gear reducer with two gear pairs. This paper focused on the design and prototype manufacture of helical gear reducers with two gear pairs. First, according to the kinematic requirements of electric vehicles, their reduction ratios were derived. Then, based on the involute theorem, the gear data of helical spur gear pairs we obtained. Finally, according to the gear data, its corresponding engineering drawings were accomplished and its corresponding prototype was manufactured. The results of this paper can be used as reference for engineers to design the gear reducers for electric vehicles.

The aim of this paper is to define and to analyse the theoretical contact forces that appear in a sprocket - silent chain joint. The contact force between the links and the teeth flanks of the sprocket can be considered as a reaction to the axial force in chain (tensioning force), transmitted throughout the pin - links joints. Friction forces will be considered in the joints and in the link - sprocket joints, which will be defined by the corresponding friction angles. The centrifugal force is also considered. This paper is presenting the steps to obtain the analytical model for the forces from the sprocket - link and the pin - link joints, depending on the tensioning force and the centrifugal force. These forces are computed in order to establish their distribution along links.

Based on the current development of children's electric cars on the market, the design takes human engineering research as the starting point. Analyzing the defects and problems of the existing children's electric vehicle, we decide to design a multi-function electric vehicle for children. It not only can perform multi-function conversion, but also increase the additional subordinate function. Eventually it can be used better and more convenient. What’s more, it can improve the comfort and utilization of the conversion. Since reform and opening up, the national economy is at the rapid development. People's living standard has been gradually improved, and now people are longing for a better life, which can be reflected in the daily choice and requirements of children's car. Children are the hope of every family, so early children's small cars have become one of the important furniture parents value. This paper research and analyze the existing problems in the use of electric vehicles for children. Based on the practical and functional design concept, the paper redesign the structure of children's electric vehicle and expand its use function.

This paper presents design concept and implementation of a micro actuating mechanism that uses a single drive to operate many degrees of freedom. The challenge of this research is to reduce the complexity of the multi-dof actuator mechanism in order to optimize its size and weight so that it is small and light enough to be implemented on other robots or automatic systems where mobility is needed. For example, on the development of the automatic tuning system of multi-string music instruments like piano or harp, instead of implementing one actuator to tune each string, this paper proposed an actuator mechanism that uses a single motor to tune several strings at a time. In the proposed actuator mechanism, a new tiny magnetic clutch is designed to control the direction of the rotation. The worm gear trains are selected to hold the position of the rotation with self-locking ability, which helps prevent rotation when the clutch is disengaged. The size and weight of the mechanism are optimized to fit properly on the musical stringed instrument. In this paper, the prototype and analysis of performance of the proposed mechanism is presented.

Machined product quality depends on its dimension and surface quality. The dimension quality depends on machine tool accuracy while the surface quality depends on machining system stiffness. A low machining system stiffness will shift spindle shaft-tool resonance frequencies to low frequencies. When one of these frequencies coincides with spindle rotational speed or its harmonics, chatter will be generated which in turn worsen the workpiece surface roughness. In addition to increasing machining system stiffness, chatter can be eliminated by decreasing the axial depth of cut as well. Maximum axial depth at certain spindle rotational speed which will not generate chatter is called as chatter threshold. A diagram describing chatter thresholds for certain range of spindle rotational speed is called as a SLD (stability lobe diagram). The diagram is very useful for selecting a maximum depth of cut at certain rotational speed in order to obtain chatter-free machining process. The SLD can be generated theoretically or experimentally. The theoretical one is fast and cheap but it is not guaranteed to be correct. On the other hand, although the experimental one will produce exact values but it is long, cumbersome and expensive, because for certain rotational speed many machining with different axial depth of cut must be conducted until chatter threshold is reached. The same process is then repeated for other rotational speeds. This paper deals with a new method in determining the chatter threshold or SLD experimentally, by using inclined workpiece, by which it only needs one time machining-test for each rotational speed. In this method, during machining process, chatter occurrence is detected by using accelerometer and validated by its surface roughness afterwards. It is shown in this paper that the new method works well for machining aluminium workpiece in vertical machining center.

This paper presents the design and construction of a haptic device. This device aims to generate a tactile feedback to the user. The feedback is generated when the user has contact with virtual limits (through a graphical interfaces or electronic cards). These limits could be due to speeding or recklessness from the pilot under conditions of low visibility or turbulence. The paper begin with the design of the lever-shaped cam which has two Degree of Freedom (DOF). It proceeds with the kinematic analysis to obtain the work area. As of workspace is possible to determine the contact point with the geometry of the virtual object. In this event the user will have a tactile feedback, a force or vibration. This force must be minimal, to prevent injury to the user.

This paper shows several issues related to decrease in electric power consumption for hydraulic systems of modern machine tools, especially CNCs. A core element in the structure of such systems is the pneumo-hydraulic accumulator. Here, examples are shown for hydraulic systems destined to locking and unlocking of skids and to opening of tool holders. This paper shows mathematical models, diagrams, simulations and certain experimental executions.

This paper presents the calculation of dynamic parameters of virtual prototype of mechanism, which function is the correct tensioning of wedge belt of belt gear. Sudden release of tensioning device usually occurs during the assembly process, large impact forces which form have destructive effect on the device. A part of the paper will be the analysis of input parameters for solution by function Impact. Impact effects will be solved with flexibility of chosen member of the mechanism in mind. The solution will be realized in the environment of software MSC.ADAMS and ANSYS.

In this paper authors conducted analysis of management features on machine-tools with numerical control using neural network for achieving exactness. Applications of Hopfield networks are discussed in the paper along with application of neuron computers that offer decision making of tasks ticker-coil.

The electric base load of milling machine tools has a high share of the machine’s total energy consumption. An approach to decrease the energy demand per workpiece is to shorten the machining time by raising the material removal rate. The maximum feed depends on the tool’s wear resistance while the maximum depth of cut is often limited by the chatter stability of the machine. In this paper active damping is used to damp chatter vibrations, which leads to a higher depth of cut. To evaluate the decrease of energy consumption for any workpiece, a modeling methodology for the energy demand of machine tools was developed, which is presented in this paper. The methodology is able to estimate the energy requirements of the spindle during cutting, of the feed drives, of the auxiliary equipment and of the base load. The numerical results were experimentally validated by different 2.5D machining processes, with good agreement between the simulation model and the experimental results. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be used effectively for calculating the total energy required for the machining of any workpiece. In addition, the structural dynamics of the machine tool, the active damping system and the cutting process were modeled in order to simulate the chatter stability. This enables a straightforward determination of the optimum cutting parameters as well as a comparison of different milling part programs, both in terms of the energy demand. Furthermore, it is possible to evaluate the energy conservation by active damping and to point out for which cutting processes active damping is useful.

From a mechanical point of view, the aesthetic quality of preblown PET bottles and thickness profile of final blown PET bottles manufactured in ISBM process are determined by mechanical and thermal response of blown preforms. From the microscopic point of view the biggest influence on the mechanical and thermal properties of PET bottles have orientation and crystallization processes. From a technological point of view, the aesthetic quality and thickness profile is mainly determined by the preforms initial structure of the PET material, preforms thermal profile heating, stretch rod speed, preblowing air pressure, and the so-called delay. More specifically, the properties of PET bottles affects as many as 14 variables, however, in this paper they are not individually discussed. In the paper it will be described the influence of stretch rod speed on relationship between preblown bottle aesthetic quality and final blown bottle thickness profile in SBM from preform process.

Thermal analysis of a DC motor cooling system and description of measurement system applied to an engine test stand are the main topics of the paper. The motor that is being tested comes from the electric vehicle of Silesian Greenpower project whose aim is to design and build energy efficient bolids in order to participate in international races in Great Britain. During the designing process of the car, minimizing energy losses and maximizing powertrain efficiency are the main aspects taken into consideration. One of the crucial issues to accomplish these goals is to maintain optimal performance of the motor by applying effective cooling. The engine test stand used in this research was designed especially for Silesian Greenpower vehicles. Thanks to its modular construction and versatility, it enables measuring many different parameters of the motor and powertrain. In this paper the thermal analysis is described as well as how the measuring system of the engine stand works. The thermal analysis described in the article occurred to be very helpful in improving the cooling system and motor performance in the same time. The advanced measuring and control system of the test stand enables conducting versatile analysis of the DC motor and the powertrain.

The following paper presents an IT tool for aiding assessment of a safety culture level in an organization in a form of an application, providing fast and easy way to analyze data obtained from questionnaires. Traditional data analysis often turns out to be time-consuming and labor-intensive. To make the process faster, more detailed and to find all the possible links among all the available data there is a need for an IT tool. The presented application has been developed with publicly available and completely free tools and technologies. It is a complete piece of software, fully flexible which can be modified or equipped with new functions (modules). The presented solution eliminates the time consuming process of “copying” data from paper questionnaires, and allows to get information about the safety culture level right after adding a questionnaire to a questionnaire database. The presented tool can function as a mobile questionnaire which can be used in any place with Internet access and to fill it in only a browser is required.

Automatic programming and process diagnosis are the essential function to drive the Numerical Control (NC) machine tool with probes to measure the products and evaluate the quality of process in every inspection procedure based on on-machine measurement (OMM), especially in the complex parts measuring, which can avoid the products unqualified and promote the efficiency of manufacture and inspection. In this paper, the method of automatic programming, the data exchange of measurement and the principle of process diagnosis are discussed. With a practical case based on FANUC, the effectiveness and efficiency of the method raised in this paper is validated.

Inspection plays a major role in any production process. The acceptance or rejection decision of the production lot depends on the inspection results. In recent years, the developments in machine vision techniques have made inspection easier. This paper aims at bottle cap inspection using machine vision techniques. Bottle neck may have defects such as absence of the cap, absence of the tamper ring and improper assembly of cap and tamper ring. This paper deals with checking of the above mentioned defects with a single image of the finished product. This system uses backlight technique. The image of the product obtained using camera is processed using image processing software and then the results obtained are used to accept or reject the particular product. This technique could be implemented in industries for a batch produced series of bottle coming in a conveyor. By using machine vision techniques it is ensured that not even a single defect related to bottle cap is left from observation. Thus the bottle cap inspection becomes easy, accurate and done in less time.

This paper presents the study of the influence of cutting parameters on surface quality in laser cutting of metallic materials. In this paper, it is shown which of the cutting parameters have the greatest influence on the quality of the processed surfaces by measuring various roughness parameters. After the experimental research was carried out a ranking of the factors of influence on the response functions was made, also graphs of dependency to various parameters of roughness were made.

This paper reviews compensation methods on effects of disturbance forces on positioning accuracy in linear drives system for machine tools applications. Linear motor is directly subjected to disturbances forces acting in the direction of motion giving rise to the needs for alternative robust controllers in order to ensure precision and high tracking performance. This paper investigates effect of cutting forces generated during milling process on tracking accuracy of a linear drive motor. Recent studies are focusing on design of adaptive compensators that provide robustness against system uncertainties while maintaining high degree of precision and accuracy generally required in high performance machining applications.

In the operation process, the Wire Electrical Discharge Machine (WEDM) has certain imperfections such as vibration and the descent of machine precision which vibration produces. This paper studies the dynamic parameter of the machine tool and optimizes the natural frequency and vibration. Taking the DK7725 taper machine tool as an example, the paper establishes a 3Dmodel with Pro-Engineer 5.0.According to the Masataks Yoshimura method, the authors could ascertain the stiffness and damping of joint surfaces among machine main parts and ascertain the equivalent dynamic model. In order to have a modal analysis about the machine tool structure, the virtual dynamic analysis module of ANSYS Workbench Environment (AWE) is used. Through the study of dynamic parameter, the authors optimize and improve the natural frequency and vibration of machine tools, compared with the finite element analysis results and the no-optimization data. And the final results show that the change rates of each order natural frequencies optimized ranges from 0% to18.9%, and the whole mechine’s optimization achieves satisfied effect.

In this paper design and analysis a die meant to cone explosive forming have been investigated. Since the explosive forming dies are subjected to blast loading, failure is too likely to pass. Likewise, the special geometry such as existing the several holes, sealing grooves, vacuum channel and fillets of this type of dies under explosion wave makes their analysis complicated. In the present work, the die was designed according to the final product dimension assisting a design software. In the next step the die under blast loading was analyzed using finite element method utilizing FEM software. The outcomes exhibit that the die is capable to withstand the explosion load. Besides, the trend of this paper is recommended as a routine for the designers who are going to design these types of dies.

This paper mainly discusses the dynamic distribution of regenerative braking system and conventional friction braking system of EV.In order to meet the requirements of vehicle braking stability and recycle the braking energy whenever possible, the paper proposes a control strategy which based on ECE regulation and I curve.Then the proposed control strategy is embedded into the simulation software ADVISOR.The result shows that the control strategy of regenerative braking the paper presented is better than ADVISOR’s own on braking energy recovery, and is especially suitable for frequent braking city conditions.

This paper introduces a design of testing machine that could apply to the clamping tensile test for explosion-proof cable gland and a clamping tensile test for explosion-proof cable that based on this machine. The tension conduction system composed by wire rope and pulley supplies the test device for cable gland with tension by using standard weights counterweight. In order to ensure test precision, the testing machine loading platform can translate along the horizontal orthogonal direction X, Y and rotate around the X axis to adjust the sample space coordinates. The stress-strain sensor can measure the tension value, and the amount of displacement of the specimen can be measured by dial indicator. This paper focuses on the levelness-adjustable system and test methods.

With the rapid development of computer and network technology, our everyday life is more and more influenced. In the information age it is an inevitable trend that consumer electronics will become more and more intelligentized and interconnected. Taking into account the characteristics of external network users’ access to a home networking, as well as the important role that the residential gateway plays in the interaction between external networks and home networking, this paper presents the idea of a unique access interface of the home networking. Furthermore, this paper designs and implements an IPv6-based UPnP real-time video and audio capture device, and the real-time audio/video stream captured is forwarded to external network users through the residential gateway. Other multimedia applications can be resolved in the same way.

With the improvement of computer hardware and software performance, digital multimedia technology has been applied to various fields. The visual effect of ceramic art image is affected mainly by the brightness, texture and color, in which the image defects will affect the visual effect of the ceramic product. This paper designs the digital processing system of a new ceramic art image processing, the system can repair defects in ceramic art image. In order to verify the validity and reliability of digital processing system, the lead-free perovskite structure BZT based ceramics is prepared in this paper, and the use of electron microscope and digital camera take the ceramic products processing image with artistic defects, and then using VB programming digital image processing technology carries out color re coating for the ceramic, the ceramic products electron microscopy images after restoration will be obtained by the image boundary restructuring, which provides a new computer method for the processing art of the ceramic products.

There are many types of Electric Vehicle (EV) applied in automotive industry. It can be hybridization or electrification vehicle. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) also called as fully electric vehicle using batteries as the only source and an electric motor as a traction motor to move the vehicle. In a world view of BEV, it is still has circumstances that would strand the BEV to have huge commercialization due to range anxiety. This paper is discussing about an electrification vehicle power and energy management (PEM) strategy. PEM strategy has two layer control strategies that consist of low level component control and high level supervisory control. Management and control strategy in BEV is carefully designed due to heavy loads consumption from Propulsion Electrical Load (PEL) and Non Propulsion Electrical Loads (NoPEL) with a single energy source. This is to ensure that power and energy is managed at optimum level that will give some extension of wider kilometer of the vehicle. The BEV performance is typically controlled by high level supervisory control algorithm using event-based condition using state machine deterministic rule-based method. More than one drive mode to be determined in this paper as part of control strategy to get an optimal PEM performance.

This paper presents the circular-arc tooth profile that has no trapped-oil feature and flow fluctuations. The mathematical model of tooth profile and helical surface is obtained by gear engagement theory. The examination of helical surface is by coordinate measuring machining (CMM). The sections that perpendicular to the axis direction of gear are selected to obtain the trajectory of measuring ball by the starting points and end points of measuring ball. The examination process of CMM is simulated by Matlab in this paper.

In this paper, we present a graphical method, developed in CATIA environment, based on the method of substituting circles family and dedicated to profile pinion cutters for generating interior surfaces. Hereby, the family of substituting circles associated to the worked piece (the profile to be generated) is determined at the same time to the curve transposed, in the rolling motion, to the tool centrod. After finding the position of the contact points between the generated profile and the family circles, we can determine, in the transposed family, the locus of the points from the reciprocal enwrapping profile the pinion cutter profile. The paper also includes a method application for generating a hole with square transversal section, and a comparison between the profiling results when using the graphical method, versus an analytical method. The results prove the coincidence between the two profiles determined as above, on one hand, and both rapidity and precision of the graphical method, on the other hand.

Fixtures are used for orientation-positioning-tightening of workpieces during machining on machine tools. Multiple clamping fixtures are intended to clamp several workpieces for simultaneous or successive machining. Multiple clamping is characterized by a series of economical advantages, due to the reduction of total machining time. These advantages are more important once the number of workpieces is higher or if the machining is made with compound tools. Due to the complexity, overall size and the high number of components, the multiple clamping fixtures have diminished accuracy than simple fixture due to elastic and contact deformations of fixtures housing, of supports etc. Also, multiple clamping fixtures present diminished rigidity and dynamic stability. From the analysis of the specialized literature results that there are a few paper on the subject of multiple clamping. In the paper there are presented the causes that can lead to the diminish of the accuracy of multiple fixture. The modalities for the determination of fixtures precision are presented, also, for the parallel and serial multiple clamping fixtures.

This paper analyzed the adjustment principle and calculation method of parameters for CNC spiral bevel gear milling machine, and establish the models of NC machining of spiral bevel gear milling machine. Through the calculation of examples, we acquire the machine tool axes of the instantaneous position when CNC spiral bevel gear milling machine process. The paper establish simulation machine model of spiral bevel gear milling machine and the simulation processing. The simulation results meet the spiral bevel gear milling machine functional verification requirements.

This Paper Aims to Determine by Experiment Total Force and Stress of Deformation Depending on Punch Stroke and the Level of Deformation on Severe Plastic Deformation of Aluminum by Multiaxial Cold Forging. the Deformation Force in Multiaxial Forging Depends on a Number of Parameters of whom the most Important are: Strain, the Flow Force of Aluminum, Deformation Speed, the Friction between the Material and the Die, Shape and Size of Die, the Dimensions of Deform Profile, Shape and Dimensions of Workpiece, Temperature Variation during the Process, Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Workpiece Material, the Structural Inhomogeneity of Workpiece Material. the Deformation Process is Discontinuous and Includes Deformation Processes that Define a Cycle of Severe Plastic Deformation. this Paper Aims to Determine the Force and Stress Corresponding to the First 12 Cycles of Severe Plastic Deformation.

A very important factor for the hydrostatic guideways is given by the presence of the restrictor on the supply circuit, whose hydraulic resistance may have important effects on the lubricant film behaviour and implicitly, on the static and dynamic stiffness of the system. This paper presents a new method of experimental research regarding the hydrostatic guideway stiffness, depending on the hydraulic resistances values which supply each pocket. During the experiments which approach the influence of the hydraulic resistances values of the restrictors on the hydrostatic guideway stiffness, a centered constant loads of 20, 50 and 100 [daN] was used. The experiments were carried out on an experimental setup composed of an open hydrostatic guideway, having the pocket dimensions of 150x88 [m, supplied with liquid under pressure through means of a pack of adjustable restrictors. The obtained experimental results are presented in both tabular and graphical form and constitute an experimental database which can be used by the machine tools designers and manufacturers. The paper contains recommendations regarding the usage of hydraulic resistances values depending on the machine tool type and size. Also, from the obtained results, recommendations can be made with regard to the type of restrictors to be used, so that the lubricant filtration grade is comprised between admissible values.

this paper discussed the significance of the machine tool stiffness and the definition of the machine tool stiffness classification. This paper studies the stiffness of the machine at home and abroad, the machine rigidity research methods, evaluation and performance optimization design research in recent years are discussed here in the machine tool stiffness, and the problems faced then solutions and suggestions are put forward. Finally, the problem of machine stiffness properties further study and future development trends are summed to improve tools, improve processing quality of products, and reduce production costs.

In order to research the driving performance of electric vehicle driven by the electric wheels and provide the test basis to the design of electric vehicle, the author of the paper designed and developed a multifunctional comprehensive performance test bench for electric wheel. Such test bench has the basic functions of road simulation, resistance simulation, vehicle weight simulation and inertia simulation, and the other functions of steering simulation, coupling simulation of electric braking and mechanical coupling, wheel hub motor performance test lamp. The author of the paper made certain design for the relevant test items, which has far-reaching significance for the test and research of the battery electric vehicle (BEV) driven by the wheel hub motor.

This paper presents a coordinating steering control method in an Electric Vehicle with Four-in-Wheel-Motors Drive and Four-Wheel Independent Steering. This control method applied a PID compensation to solve the absonant steering problem. This research builds a mathematic model for the control system and uses the Matlab simulation to verify the feasibility and control effect. Then it is applied in a real car environment for further experiment in which the paper studies the control effect with varied control parameters. According to the analysis of the experiment, a practical solution for steering System is proposed with excellent control effect.

High-speed motorized spindle of NC machine tools is the core component for high speed machining. Production efficiency, machining accuracy, processing quality are greatly improved, and production cost is reduced by high speed machining. The paper describes the common failure modes of high-speed motorized spindle. By the fault tree analysis method, failure modes of motorized spindle are modeled, and the main fault reasons of motorized spindle for NC machine tools are gotten. Qualitative analysis is performed for the fault tree by the mean of the structure function. At the end of this paper, the minimal cut sets which are the main sets of failure modes are all obtained. It has laid a good foundation for further study of quantitative analysis of motorized spindle failure modes.

Paper presents transmission nonlinearities of servodrives. These nonlinearities directly affect the performance and precision of industrial machines such as robots, manipulators, NC machine tools etc. For measuring purpose of these nonlinearities a measurement test bench was created. Presented measuring test bench is used for static and dynamic measurements of servodrives as well as for precision and gear error evaluation. Paper focuses on properties, analysis and experimental measurements of angular transmission error, torsional elasticity and repeated position accuracy.

Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining is one of the important manufacturing process which is used to obtain desired shape using electrical discharge (or) by continuous sparking. This paper deals with wire cut EDM of D2die steel using Zinc coated wire tool. Two conflicting objectives, surface roughness and kerf width, are simultaneously optimized. Experimentation was planned based on Taguchi’s L-9 orthogonal array. All the experiments has been conducted under different machining conditions of gap voltage, pulse ON time, and pulse OFF time. Wire feed, wire speed, resistance, wire tension, dielectric fluid pressure and cutting length are taken as fixed parameters. In this paper Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is employed for optimising surface roughness and kerf width.

In laparoscopic surgery, many problems are due to the poor degrees of freedom (DOF) of movement in controlling the forceps and laparoscopes. This paper proposes a new flexible laparoscopic forceps manipulator using synchronous belt drive mechanism, which consist of two miniaturized parts, synchronous belt drive mechanism enables independent bending procedure from-90° to 90° at the tip of forceps, and friction wheel mechanism which provides pivoting motion of forceps around incision hole on the abdomen. This mechanism is simple with high rigidity and can easily be miniaturized. The most remarkable characteristics of the prototype described in this paper are: 1) the casing diameter of the forceps is 5 mm; 2) with high rigidity and the repeatability positioning accuracy was 0.5o in bending motion; 3) pure mechanical structure with simple operation and low cost. This manipulator can solve the conflicts and blockings in laparoscopic surgery by switching back and forceps towards, meanwhile, it eliminates the surgical doctor’s fatigue and enhances the precision of surgery with higher effectiveness and safety as well.

The computer aided tools and recent developments of engineering, emphasizes the importance of bringing manufacturing process into early stage for product and process design. The implied significance is that it becomes vital to reduce cost of product by extensive use of CAD tools for product formation without actually building the product. In this paper, CAD tools are used to design an extrusion die for bolt ejector pin. In this paper, the extrusion die used to produce the pin is modeled using Pro-E, a CAD tool. Then, the die is analyzed for the maximum extrusion load condition using ANSYS software, a Finite Element Analysis simulation (FEA) tool. The simulation results are compared with yield stress of material. After the die has been designed, the pin was extruded using the die. In order to evaluate the strength of extruded pin, the pin was also modeled and analyzed using ANSYS tool where it was found to be safe for its maximum ejection load condition.Keywords:Extrusiondiedesign,ejectorpin,Computeraidedmodelling(CAD),FiniteElementAnalysis(FEA).

Planetary gear trains can be used as the gear reducers with high reduction ratio. This paper focused on the kinematic and meshing efficiency analysis of planetary simple gear reducer with two ring gears. First, the planetary simple gear train with two ring gears is proposed by using different shift coefficients. Then, by referring to the train value equation, the reduction-ratio equation is derived for the design the planetary gear reducer with two ring gears. According to reduction-ratio equation, the planetary gear reducers with two ring gears and having reduction ratios (20, 50, and 100) are synthesized. Then, based on the latent power theorem, the meshing efficiency equation of planetary gear train with two ring gears is derived. According to the meshing efficiency equation, the meshing efficiencies of planetary gear trains with two ring gears are analyzed. In this paper, we conclude: (1) Larger reduction ratio makes less meshing efficiency, and (2) The meshing efficiency of planetary gear reducer with two ring gears is not good.