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Advanced computational methods are needed both for the design of large systems and to compute high accuracy solutions. Such methods are efficient in computation, but the validation of results is very complex, and highly skilled auditors are needed to verify them. We investigate legal questions concerning obligations in the development phase, especially for technical systems developed using advanced methods. In particular, we consider methods of resilient and robust optimization. With these techniques, high performance solutions can be found, despite a high variety of input parameters. However, given the novelty of these methods, it is uncertain whether legal obligations are being met. The aim of this paper is to discuss if and how the choice of a specific computational method affects the developer’s product liability. The review of legal obligations in this paper is based on German law and focuses on the requirements that must be met during the design and development process.

To provide fast digital communications systems, energy efficient, high-performance, low power is critical for decoding mobile receiver device. This paper proposes a low power optimization techniques in the Add Compare Select (ACS) unit for Space Time trellis codes (STTC) Viterbi decoder. STTC Viterbi decoder is used as a reference case. This paper discusses about how to lower the power in the ACS architecture, to optimize the Viterbi decoder STTC in reducing the total power consumption. Based on the results of design and analysis, power consumption Viterbi decoder modeling, low power system for STTC Viterbi decoder is proposed. Design and optimization of ACS unit in STTC Viterbi decoding is done using Verilog HDL language. Power analysis tools in the software Altera Quartus 2 is used for the synthesis of total system power consumption. Optimization strategy showed an increase of 83% power reduction compared to previous studies.

In this paper, several data mining techniques were discussed and analyzed in order to achieve the objective of human daily activities recognition based on a continuous sensing data set. The data mining techniques of decision tree, Naïve Bayes and Neural Network were successfully applied to the data set. The paper also proposed an idea of combining the Neural Network with the Decision Tree, the result shows that it works much better than the typical Neural Network and the typical Decision Tree model.

Remote sensing image fusion is an important branch in the field of image fusion. Remote sensing image fusion mainly researches how to use different aerial remote sensor to obtain relevant image information. In view of the present research status in this field and the full analysis of remote sensing image fusion method and wavelet transform, the paper aims at proposing the image fusion technology of combining discrete multiwavelet transform and HIS method, then the paper analyses the experimental results with the help of MATLAB. It is proved that the analysis method of wavelet has more advantages than traditional methods: Wavelet transform fusion method can keep maximized resolution and multispectral image.

With the rapid development of the network and the multimedia technical , how to protect the security of the multimedia informations becomes the popular topic on studies. As a new technique used to protect the copyright of digital productions , the digital watermark technique has drawn extensive attention . A digital watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was presented according to human visual properties in the paper . Then some attack analyses were given. Experimental results show that the watermarking scheme proposed in this paper is invisible and robust to cropping, and also has good robustness to compression, filtering, and noise adding.

Material supply isthe basic guarantee for the large ship sailing to ocean. In order to improve the efficiency of the supply of the large ship, the support of materials handling system is needed. According to the typical material handling system of the large ship, with the material handlings time shortest as the decision goal and the handling sequence as the decision variable, the analysis and construction of the model for optimizing the systems operation is given in this paper. The improved genetic algorithm is put forward. The specific model is also given and its proved that the analysis and modeling method in this paper can effectively improve the efficiency of the material handling of the large ships.

Rate control is the core issue to realize video encoder, and it is also one of the key factors determining the quality of video code system. Given the MAD (Mean Absolute Difference) prediction and the drawback of bit rate control in the BU (Basic Unit) layer, improvements are put forward on the basis of analyzing and researching the G012 rate control algorithms in this paper. In this paper, we proposed a new video bit rate control algorithm to overcome the drawback of bit rate control in the BU (Basic Unit) layer. Combined with the image brightness gradient value to estimate in the MAD prediction, the allocation encoding bits method based on the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) is proposed in the rate control of BU layer. The experiment results show that compared with JM algorithms in H.264 standard reference software, the improved algorithm is enhanced in the PSNR.

This paper focus on overvoltage protection and insulation coordination in Modular Multilevel Converter based HVDC system planning. An overvoltage protection scheme, which bases on the topology used inTransbay project by Siemens, is proposed in this paper. Thescheme draws fromthe characteristics of MMC-HVDC systems and the research results in classic HVDC systems, byplacing arresters at some key locations in the MMC-HVDC converter station.With this scheme, the overvoltage at those key pointscan be limitedto an acceptable range and hence protect the key equipment concerned. Since all the DC lines of the project are undersea cables, no lighting overvoltage is considered and 14 faults which could happen are carefully selected to serve as the verification conditions for the insulation design. Based on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and the deterministic method, the specified withstand voltage levels of the critical equipment in the converter station is calculated.

This paper describes the design and implementation of Web based secure embedded system, including tiny secure Web server, embedded system-based CGI library, and utilities for security, such as CAPTCHA program and mail sending program. The entire system is designed in C by the author of this paper on Linux platform with GNU tool chain. A Web based secure embedded application demo system is also designed to show the architecture and running effect. On the premise of implementing essential functions, the scale of the system is designed as small as possible therefore it is suitable not only for embedded Linux development on Web based applications but also for embedded system course teaching in colleges and universities. By some further extensions, it can also be used on development of general Web based MIS.

With a focus on complex environments, the present paper describes a new algorithm in scale changed object tracking through color feature. Mean shift (MS) iterative procedure is the best color-based algorithm to find the location of an object. The algorithm performance is not acceptable once tracking scale changed objects in complex environments. In this paper, the main aim is to improve the MS method, using corrected background-weighted histogram (CBWH) algorithm to reduce the interference of background in target localization. To fit the object scale change, the sum of gradient mode (SGM) is employed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional mean shift tracking in the following aspects: 1) it provides consistent object tracking throughout the video; 2) it is not influenced by the tracked objects scale changes; 3) it is less prone to the background clutter.

This paper proposes a wheel slip control strategy for 4WD Electrical Vehicle with In-wheel Motors. In the first part of this paper, a brief introduction of sliding mode control for acceleration slip regulation is given. Consider that its control effect varies with road conditions, another algorithm which can automatically adapt to different roads is designed. This method takes advantage of the peculiarity of the longitudinal static tire force curve and regulates wheel slip ratio to the detected optimal value, aiming to maximize the traction force while preserving sufficient lateral tire force. Simulation results show that the slip rate can be regulated to a value around the optimal slip ratio, and the driving torque is very close to the maximum transmissible torque. The control strategy achieves stronger stability, shorter driving distance and hence better control performance.

Finite-resolution digital receiver is considered to be a potential solution to meet the severe demand of ADC that results from wideband of IR-UWB signal. However, the quantized distortion is totally different from full-resolution quantized signal. In this paper, the finite-resolution quantized signal model is derived. Based on the correlation receiver, estimation and detection performance of finite-resolution and full-resolution digital receiver are analyzed in the paper. The analytical results agree with the numerical results exactly and the template estimation performance using midtread quantizer is better than that using the adjacent midrise quantizer.

Due to effects of the light by water and other particles, the quality of underwater image will degrade. The traditional underwater image segmentation methods based on intensity and spectrum have difficulty in determining boundary. Inspired by the visual system of mantis shrimps, this paper constructed a feedback neural network model, in which the parameters were optimized using machine learning method. Based on this model, we combine the polarization and intensity information to achieve the underwater polarization image segmentation. The results of experiment prove that the neural network model designed in this paper can improve the accuracy of underwater image segmentation.

In this paper, we address the transmit angle and receive angle estimation problem for a bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. This paper links MIMO radar angle estimation problem to the compressed sensing trilinear model. Exploiting this link, it derives a compressed sensing trilinear model-based angle estimation algorithm, which can obtain automatically paired two-dimensional angle estimation. The proposed algorithm requires no spectral peak searching or pair matching, and it has better angle estimation performance than conventional algorithms including estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm. Simulation results illustrate performance of the algorithm.

In ocean military actions, there are many environmental factors to influent the military decision. In this paper, the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering is used to evaluate the influents of ocean environment, including sea winds, sea wave, sea current and the sea surface temperature gradient in military game. To different military application, the influence coefficient are different, in this paper a weighting exponent is import to estimate the influence grade of the entire ocean environment. The experimental results demonstrate that this algorithms utility in the classification of ocean area of military game.

According to the characteristic that the gray value difference is quite obvious in different areas of the singles infrared cloud, this paper puts forward an algorithm of the eyed typhoon's center automatic positioning. After pretreating the cloud image, we use the template to segment the airtight cloud wall area which has high gray value. In addition, the difference between gray values of the airtight cloud wall area is small. Then we do binarization processing to the image and use the method combined with the mathematical morphology and artificial intelligence to process the image in filtering smoothly. We remove the isolated interference point. Then we corrode image and adopt the seed filling algorithm to detect the candidate eye area. In the candidate eye area, the paper puts forward the discriminant function which is based on the combination of the gray information and the distance between the inspection points and the circle's center. The candidate eye area corresponded to the minimum value of the discriminant function is the center of the eyed typhoon. The experiment result shows that this algorithm has higher positioning accuracy and it can be used for meteorological service.

This paper aims at one of key technologies in digital television development ---intelligent personalized recommendation technology of digital TV programs for study. This paper proposes to take advantage of ample TV-Anytime to describe metadata so as to perform specific plans of guide service for TV programs based on TV-Anytime metadata specification. It combines technology such as data mining and artificial intelligence etc with a view of building a personalized TV program recommendation system on the framework of the multi-agent. Besides, a hybrid algorithm with content filtering and collaborative filtering based on the systematical recommendation algorithm has been put forward. In order to overcome the deficiencies of traditional collaborative filtering algorithm which relies on users explicit evaluation, the paper represents an improved algorithm with the footing of content collaborative filtering.

At present, Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in most web sites. The main reason is the lack of effective validation and filtering mechanisms for user input data from web request. This paper explores vulnerability detection method which based on taint dependence analysis and implements a prototype system for Java Web program. We treat all user input as tainted data, and track the flow of Web applications, then we judge whether it will trigger an attack or not. The taint dependent analysis algorithm mentioned in this paper is used to construct the taint dependency graph. Next the value representation method of the string tainted object based on finite state automata is discussed. Finally, we propose the vulnerability detection method for the program. The experiment result shows that the prototype system can detect reflection cross-site scripting vulnerability well in those programs which dont have effective treatment for the user input data.

By investigating insufficiency of typical artificial intelligence algorithms aiming at the high rate of False-Positives and False-Negatives in the Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), this paper presents an approach that Support Vector Machine (SVM) is embedded in Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS). At the same time, by using online data and K-fold cross-validation method, this paper proposes a method to optimize the attributes and model of SVM respectively. Experimental results show that by using this method as the detection core of the intrusion detection system, the rate of False-Negatives in IDS can be reduced significantly.

This paper describes the technical details of design and implementation of embedded system-based CAPTCHA (verification code) in C, including a brief analysis of techniques for implementing CAPTCHA, and a simple and practical CAPTCHA system designed by the author of this paper, which can be used not only in embedded systems but also ordinary Web based MIS or control systems, without the support of any dedicated graphics library. An example is provided to show the practical usage and effect of this CAPTCHA system on an embedded application demo system.

The purpose of this paper is calculating the availability of wireless sensor network for a virtual grid by using Markov model. Since, wireless sensor networks are constraints by energy, their energy consumption should be limited within a way to guarantee their quality of service. In this paper, availability and quality of service in a wireless sensor network with particular coverage are investigated by using an energy optimized algorithm and Markov process.

This paper details progress in the application of a methodology for acoustic emission (AE) detection and interpretation for the monitoring of fatigue fractures in large-scale industrial environments. The approach makes use of a number of novel signal processing techniques. An online radius-based clustering algorithm (ORACAL) is used to identify clusters of data, both in the spatial domain (locating AE sources) and in the feature domain (identifying candidate fracture processes). The paper proposes a new approach to the identification of AE waveforms produced by crack propagation; rather than seeking to identify the waveform features characteristic of a fracture event, the new method looks for specific patterns of clustering in the feature space. The approach is validated by a full-scale experiment. An artificial acoustic emission source, representative of a fatigue fracture, was injected into a test of a substantial landing gear component. A commercial AE monitoring system was then used to successfully locate and identify the source in a blind test using the new signal processing methodology. The method was successful on two of three experiments performed and the position of the artificial source was determined accurately; further analysis shows that the unsuccessful test appears to have occurred due to incorrect mounting of the artificial source.

Retinal microsurgery is one of the most technically demanding surgeries, during which the surgical tool needs to be inserted into the eyeball and is constantly constrained by the sclerotomy port. During the surgery, any unexpected manipulation could cause extreme tool-sclera contact force leading to sclera damage. Although, a robot assistant could reduce hand tremor and improve the tool positioning accuracy, it cannot prevent or alarm the surgeon about the upcoming danger caused by surgeon’s misoperations, i.e., applying excessive force on the sclera. In this paper, we present a new method based on a Long Short Term Memory recurrent neural network for predicting the user behavior, i.e., the contact force between the tool and sclera (sclera force) and the insertion depth of the tool from sclera contact point (insertion depth) in real time (40Hz). The predicted force information is provided to the user through auditory feedback to alarm any unexpected sclera force. The user behavior data is collected in a mock retinal surgical operation on a dry eye phantom with Steady Hand Eye Robot and a novel multi-function sensing tool. The Long Short Term Memory recurrent neural network is trained on the collected time series of sclera force and insertion depth. The network can predict the sclera force and insertion depth 100 milliseconds in the future with 95.29% and 96.57% accuracy, respectively, and can help reduce the fraction of unsafe sclera forces from 40.19% to 15.43%.

Face detection is the primary task in building a vision-based human-computer interaction system and in special applications such as face recognition, face tracking, face identification, expression recognition and also content-based image retrieval. A potent face detection system must be able to detect faces irrespective of illuminations, shadows, cluttered backgrounds, orientation and facial expressions. In previous literature, many approaches for face detection had been proposed. However, face detection in outdoor images with uncontrolled illumination and images with complex background are still a serious problem. Hence, in this paper, we had proposed a Geometric Skin Colour (GSC) method for detecting faces accurately in real world image, under capturing conditions of both indoor and outdoor, and with a variety of illuminations and also in cluttered backgrounds. The selected method was evaluated on two different face video smartphone databases and the obtained results proved the outperformance of the proposed method under the unconstrained environment of these databases.

End users and consumers of halal industry are facing difficulties in finding verified halal information. This occurred due to information that is stored in silos at every point of activity for every process chain, employing different structures and models, creating an issue of information verification. Integration of multiple information systems generally aims at combining selected systems so that information can be easily retrieved and manage by users. A proposed five components metadata representation development methodology is presented in this paper so that they form a unified new whole and give users the illusion of interacting with one single information system, therefore, data can be represented using the same abstraction principles (unified global data model and unified semantics) without any physical restructuring.

This paper presents the review of available visual water quality monitoring and proposes a conceptual sonification model of audiovisual analytics for precision aquaculture. This study reviews the current practice of the visual water quality monitoring system used to interpret the complex fish farming data. This study also explores the possibility of using an auditory display, by using sound as complementary elements to communicate information from the system to the user.

In the environmental analysis of buildings, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is gaining more and more interest. It is due to the fact, that LCA is very comprehensive in considering many impacts in all life-cycle phases of the examined building. Since buildings have a complicated geometry that is built up with numerous constructions that consist of many materials, and the life-cycle includes many phases, the results of an assessment are likely to be difficult to analyze in detail. In this paper we introduce a visual method to help architects and analysts to quickly understand the results of an environmental assessment. It includes the hierarchic visualization of the performance of the individual elements of the building. Both energy use and environmental impacts can be presented. Also the contribution of the different life-cycle phases in the overall impact is visualized.There are increasing efforts nowadays to find the most efficient way to improve the environmental performance of buildings. This can be supported with a detailed analysis of the results. The method is presented through a case study of a realized energy efficient one-family house.

This paper shows how a databased approach towards production optimization was realized with the help of cloud-technologies. Several uncertainties, either in the manufacturing of the producing machines or in the production on these machines can be systematically reduced. In this way a significant improvement in production amount, but also in produced quality can be reached.

Fine machining processes are of great importance in automotive series production, e.g. the machining of valve guide and seat in the cylinder head of a combustion engine. In industrial manufacturing processes, disturbances are inevitable and provide a measure of uncertainty in each production step. Increasingly, the influence of such uncertainties is being evaluated using simulation models. In this paper, a modeling approach for simulation of multi-stage fine machining processes with step tools is presented and investigations regarding influence of uncertainty caused by disturbances are performed.

In the field of autonomous systems, manufacturers still face a high level of uncertainty, especially in the development phase. These systems are characterized by their ability to adapt to new conditions without any further action by the developer. One of the future challenges will be that autonomous systems continue to evolve during the use phase. These changes are hard to predict because they are affected by the specific product environment. Nevertheless, manufacturers are exposed to liability claims if damage events occur. Uncertainty about the question of the specific conditions for liability results in an incalculable risk for the manufacturer. This paper takes an interdisciplinary approach. The first step is to identify the manufacturers' legal obligations for the entire product lifecycle. These obligations are then checked for their technical feasibility and evaluated in terms of efficiency. Manufacturers can only be obligated to take measures that are sustainable. The aim of the study is to translate the legal requirements for manufacturers of autonomous systems into concrete solutions that are both practical and manageable.

The stiffness of metal formed products strongly affects the dynamic behavior of structures in which they are integrated. Forming processes underlie short and long-term variations which cause the stiffness to be uncertain.In the application of resonant shunted piezoelectric transducers for vibration attenuation, uncertain stiffness may cause significant reduction in the vibration attenuation performance due to imprecise tuning. In the past, large efforts were made to control one or more geometrical feature of products while weightier features that cause uncertainty have not been addressed.In this paper, a single point incremental forming process of a membrane-like spring element on a servo press with a 3 degrees of freedom drive system is investigated. This spring element is used in a beam support for lateral vibration attenuation with resonant shunted transducers as well as axial buckling stabilization.To reduce uncertainty caused by process variations, an offline closed-loop control of product stiffness is presented. Different product and forming criteria are integrated into a control approach based on an optimization routine. By making use of a model-based prediction of the product properties, the approach shows how to realize a multi-objective control.

Efficient surrogate modelling of computer models (herein defined as simulators) becomes of increasing importance as more complex simulators and non-deterministic methods, such as Monte Carlo simulations, are utilised. This is especially true in large multidimensional design spaces. In order for these technologies to be feasible in an early design stage context, the surrogate model (oremulator) must create an accurate prediction of the simulator in the proposed design space. Gaussian Processes (GPs) are a powerful non-parametric Bayesian approach that can be used as emulators. The probabilistic framework means that predictive distributions are inferred, providing an understanding of the uncertainty introduced by replacing the simulator with an emulator, known as code uncertainty. An issue with GPs is that they have a computational complexity of O(N3) (where N is the number of data points), which can be reduced to O(NM2) by using various sparse approximations, calculated from a subset of inducing points (where M is the number of inducing points). This paper explores the use of sparse Gaussian process emulators as a computationally efficient method for creating surrogate models of structural dynamics simulators. Discussions on the performance of these methods are presented along with comments regarding key applications to the early design stage.

High-rise water supply systems provide water flow and suitable pressure in all levels of tall buildings. To design such state-of-the-art systems, the consideration of energy efficiency and the anticipation of component failures are mandatory. In this paper, we use Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming to compute an optimal placement of pipes and pumps, as well as an optimal control strategy.Moreover, we consider the resilience of the system to pump failures. A resilient system is able to fulfill a predefined minimum functionality even though components fail or are restricted in their normal usage. We present models to measure and optimize the resilience. To demonstrate our approach, we design and analyze an optimal resilient decentralized water supply system inspired by a real-life hotel building.

Ontologies represent inter-related semantic information. The automated integration of new knowledge helps to detect and reduce data-induced conflicts and model-based uncertainty in ontologies. However, automatic extension of an existing ontology from heterogeneous distributed sources can often lead to incomplete and contradictory entities. In order to resolve these conflicts and to complete entities, inductive inference mechanisms should be applied in addition to the deductive mechanisms already in use. This paper first describes various inductive inference mechanisms and compares these with each other according to pre-defined requirements and other criteria. Finally, the mechanisms’ suitability for an information model for the exchange and visualization of uncertainty in load-carrying systems and possible combinations of the individual mechanisms are discussed, also with respect to the necessity of further modifications of these mechanisms.

The reaming process normally takes place at the end of manufacturing processes when a lot of value has already been added. Therefore, reaming plays an important role for the quality of the finished product. To achieve this high quality, the occurring process errors caused by the machine tool and the reamer or incorrect workpiece handling have to be minimised. Measured data of the reaming process allow the prediction of occurring process errors without the need to evaluate the bore with a coordinate measuring machine. However, manufacturing is already completed at this stage and the correction of errors is either no longer possible or very costly. This paper presents an approach to detect axis offsets within the entry phase of the reamer by analysing the process forces. The calculated offset is then compensated by adjusting the nominal value of the motion control.

Jitter in an electronic signal is any deviation in, or displacement of, the signal in time. This paper investigates on decomposition of two types of jitter, namely, periodic and random jitter in noisy signals. Generally, an oscilloscope generates an eye diagram by overlaying sweeps of different segments of a long data stream driven by the reference clock signal. We use the fast Fourier transform with time lag correlation of the signal since we do not have a clock reference signal and apply this technique to simulated noisy signals. We separately injected a random jitter (of known amount), periodic jitter (with known frequency and amount), and both together to various modulation frequencies of sinusoidal signals. The approach is validated by several experiments with numerous values in jitter parameters. When we separately inject random jitter (5 ps) and periodic jitter (5 ps at 4.37 MHz) to the signal, we obtained the results (4.52±0.25 ps) and (4.93±0.04 ps at 4.40±0.04 MHz), respectively.

Uncertainty in manufacturing processes is as old as the manufacturing process itself. Simulationson the other hand are always certain in their outcome based on the chosen parameters. Nonethelessit makes sense to incorporate uncertainties in the simulation for validation and analysis of the realand simulated processes. This paper aims on highlighting the importance of an accurate understandingand measurement of uncertainty for simulation validation and thus to increase the significance andacceptance of simulation results in the working environment.

Sustainable protection and expansion of the competitiveness of the industrial location Germany is an important topic of current research. How can manufacturing companies in high wage countries counter the challenges of market turbulences? Crucial for the competitiveness of these companies is the compensation of wage and salary costs through highly efficient processes. A promising approach is to increase the responsiveness of a company. Responsiveness means, to react as quickly as possible to events or changes of the market, which are not yet evident and can not be foreseen at the time of production system planning. An increase of responsiveness enables companies to react quickly and flexible to market turbulences. The question arises, which market information are relevant, to which a company has to react as quickly as possible in order to handle market turbulence. This paper addresses this issue and identifies relevant information, that are already known during the phase of product development, and the unknown information of the market, to which an existing production system has to react in order to compensate market turbulences. The interplay of known and unknown information enables a responsive production control. The origin and usage of this information, which enables reactive production control, are a part of this article and are explained therein.

Many machine tool manufacturers offer services to support their customers over the lifetime of a product. This kind of integration of products and services is called Product-Service Systems (PSS). PSS offer advantages for the customers as well as for PSS providers because they fulfill customers’ requirements and ensure a long and successful customer relationship. Since sustainability is getting more and more important and customers are interested in sustainable solutions, PSS providers need to improve the environmental impact of their products and services continuously. Under this aspect, an approach is necessary that identifies the ecological potential of services for machine tools. In this paper, an approach to analyze the impact of Product-Service Systems on the energy efficiency of machine tools is presented.

Big Data is widely used in many organizations nowadays. Hive is an open source data warehouse system for managing large data set. It provides a SQL-like interface to Hadoop over Map-Reduce framework. Currently, Big Data solution starts to adopt HiveQL tool to improve execution time of relational information. In this paper, we investigate on an execution time of query processing issues comparing two algorithm of ORC file: ZLIB and SNAPPY. The results show that ZLIB can compress data up to 87% compared to NONE compressing data. It was better than SNAPPY which has space saving 79%. However, the key for reducing execution time is Map-Reduce that were shown by a less query execution time when mapper and data node were equal. For example, all query suites in 6-node(ZLIB/SNAPPY) with 250-million table rows has quite similar execution time comparison to 9-node(ZLIB/SNAPPY) with 350-million table rows.

Video delivery application over wireless network has become increasingly important in recent years. For achieving more flexible video streams transmission, the scalable extension of the H.264/AVC standard has been developed, as well as which is combined with temporal, spatial and quality scalabilities to adapt efficiently the wireless bandwidth resource. In this paper, a cross-layer optimization for robust H.264 scalable video delivery over WiMAX network is proposed. In order to obtain a better delivery performance, the proposed method is used the hierarchical B-picture approach to classify video packets into different priorities. In the cross-layer optimization, the scalable video and packet classifier are proposed at the application layer, and the packet priority and queue allocation are used at the MAC layer. Finally, it is shown by NS2 simulations that the proposed method provides more stable wireless bandwidth and also achieves a better quality of the video streaming delivery.

A promising way to model fracture mechanics with the use of an original Discrete Element Method (DEM) is proposed. After proving the ability of the method to capture kinetic damage induced by cracking phenomena in brittle materials such as silica [1], taking advantage of the method for composite materials applications is the main purpose of this work. This paper highlights recent and current developments to prove abilities of the DEM to give some answers to challenges : i) use the present DEM to model damage mechanisms (matrix cracking, debonding, fiber break and delamination) in a composite material ii) deal with impact applications on dry fabrics using the DEM. All developments are made in the home made software GRANOO (GRANular Objet Oriented) [2]. The promising results are commented and the on going developments are exposed.

The paper aims to explain the technology of emergence of information. Our research proves that information as communicational product is the result of processing within some operations, actions, mechanisms and strategies of informational material meanings. Are determined eight computational-communicative operations of building information.Information occurs in two communication phases, syncretic and the segregation-synthetic. The syncretic phase consists of four operations: referral of significant field, primary delimitation of information, detection-looking information and an anticipative-draft constitution (feedforward). The segregation-synthetic phase also includes four operations: discrimination, identification, interpretation and confrontation (feedback).In the future we will investigate informational actions, mechanisms and strategies.

—Public transit has gained significant attention among Malaysian citizens for the past few years. The increase in the number of private vehicles on the road leads to massive traffic jam especially during peak hours, thus causing them to consider switching towards public transit. Our mission in Prasarana Malaysia Berhad is to ensure that people can get stress-free experience while using public transports. One of the elements that contribute towards stress-free experience is passenger information system. In this paper, an alternative method to channel transit information to passenger is proposed that is by using frequent route map (FRM). In FRM, the frequency schedule of public bus is presented graphically on the GIS. The lower the operation frequency, the thinner the route line on the map will be and vice versa. As a result, the frequency schedule-GIS combination has made it easier for viewer to both identify the service availability and frequency. Keywords—publictransport;passengerinformationsystem;routemap;journeyplanner

In past few decades, most of the modern electrophysiological concepts and methods were developed by the computational technique extensively to compute the cardiac action potential in nerve cells. Thus, tissue models consisting of a large number of single cell models cause a problem in the amount of computation required to obtain meaningful results from simulations. One of the solutions to this problem is by implementing the simulation through hardware modeling using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Here, a research on developing a real-time simulation tool responsible for reentrant excitations in a ring of cardiac tissue based on the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model has been carried out by using a Xilinx Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 development board FPGA. In order to invest some of the time savings for creating the FPGA prototype, rapid prototyping method introduced by MathWorks which are MATLAB Simulink and its HDL Coder toolbox have been used to automate the algorithm design process by converting Simulink blocks into Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for the FPGA using a fixed-point data type in discrete-time framework. In this paper, the method and the optimization of the HDL design through the MATLAB Simulink have been discussed and the model is successfully converted into an optimal fixed-point VHDL design and the operating frequency is increased from 26.29 MHz to 53.61 MHz by using HDL Coder.

The paper summarizes an experience of information system implementation in mechanical engineering industry of Russia Federation. Methodological spaces of information supply in mechanical engineering enterprise have been approved. Effectiveness of creation and usage of non-unified information systems for information gathering about local socio-economic issues has been estimated. Conjointly with the friendly user interface individually tuned for each stakeholder, and realized on the base widely used webserver Apache 2.2, using programming language PHP, as well as using database engine mysql 5.5 with report import into unified format like SPSS or Excel, the system confirms its own usefulness.

We take the overall architecture of internetware on-line evolution model as basic, and study on trust metric model of the software in internetware system. In view of the not accurate results from the rough and existing trust metric model granularity, this paper proposed a multi service and hierarchical dynamic trust metric model based on time frame. Model also offer a method to established time frame weighted factor based on inducing ordered weighted operator, which makes the trust measurement results more accurate. The trust measurement results obtained from the model will be used as decision-making basis for Bias game model.

Boosted features developed using face signatures in combination with Gentle Adaboost algorithm offer alternative features for face authentication and face recognition. Face signatures are face representations extracted from Trace transform and Gentle Adaboost is used to enhance the performance of the features extracted from the face signatures. In this paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of the constructed features with experiments on BANCA database.

There are numerous numbers of methods that have been introduced to the Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) to find its optimal path. The purpose of this paper is to navigate a cost effective UGV known as MG-TruckS with optimal path planning in an outdoor environment. A Modified Virtual Semi Circle approach is proposed based on situated-activity paradigm. This approach is divided into two phase to compute a free collision path planning; detection and avoidance phase. Implementation of five ultrasonic range finder sensors with a very small blind zone created on purpose and the formation of three layers of influence zone shows the optimized path planning without making any unnecessary obstacle avoidance being computed.

This paper presents an overview of the research activities performed to develop a new scaled variant of the Laser Obstacle Avoidance and Monitoring (LOAM) system for small-to-medium size Unmanned Aircraft (UA) platforms. This LOAM variant (LOAM+) is proposed as one of the non-cooperative sensors employed in the UA Sense-and-Avoid (SAA) system. After a brief description of the LOAM system architecture, the mathematical models developed for obstacle avoidance and calculation of alternative flight path are presented. Additionally, a new formulation is adopted for defining the uncertainty volumes associated with the detected obstacles. Simulation case studies are carried out to evaluate the performances of the avoidance trajectory generation and optimisation algorithms, which demonstrate the ability of LOAM+to effectively detect and avoid fixed low-level obstacles in the intended path.