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In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market. Their tensile properties were investigated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Four tensile properties namely: (i) extensibility (EMT), (ii) tensile energy (WT), (iii) tensile resilience (RT) and (iv) linearity of WT (LT) were evaluated. Experimental results revealed that the tensile properties varied within the products. EMT was used as the key property for discussing the tensile properties of paper towels. However, when the different tensile properties were correlated, it was found that WT/RT, WT/EMT and RT/EMT had strong Pearson correlation. In addition, there was no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to EMT. Based on this study, it can provide some information about the tensile properties of paper towels in local market which may help the industry for further improving the product quality.

In this study, we chose 12 commonly available paper towels from the local market. The compression properties of the paper towels were examined by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three compression properties namely: (i) compressional linearity (LC), (ii) compression energy (WC) and (iii) compressional resilience (RC) were examined. The experimental results revealed that the compression properties varied within the different paper towels. RC vlaue was used as the key property for discussing the compression properties of paper towels. When different compression properties were correlated and analysed, it was found that no relationship was noted within different compression properties. On the other hand, there was not significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to RC. It is hope that the results from this study can help the indurstry to improve the compression properties of paper towels for local market.

In this paper, we collected 12 commercially available paper towels from the local market and their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) shear rigidity (G), (ii) shear stress at 0.5º (2HG) and (iii) shear stress at 5º (2HG5) were studied. Experimental results revealed that the shearing properties varied within the products. G was used as the key property for discussing the shearing properties of paper towels. However, in correlating different shearing properties, it was found that 2HG and 2HG5 had strong Pearson correlation. However, no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to G was found. This study may provide data for the industry for the improvement of shearing properties of paper towels for local market.

12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market and studied in this paper. Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) was used for evaluating their bending properties. Two bending properties namely: (i) bending rigidity (B) and (ii) bending moment (2HB) were evaluated. Experimental results indciated that the bending properties varied within the products. B was used as the key property for discussing the bending properties of paper towels. When the correlations of different bending properties were investigated, it was found that no significant was found between B and 2HB. However, there was significant statistically relationship between weight and B but no relationship between thickness and B. With the use of the results, the product developer could improve the bending properties of the paper towels.

In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the market. Their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) coefficient of friction (MIU), (ii) deviation of MIU (MMD) and (iii) geometric roughness (SMD). Experimental results revealed that the surface properties varied within the products. When different properties were correlated, it was found that there was not significantly relationship between MIU, MMD and SMD. However, weight and thickness had well statistically relationship to SMD.

As a kind of environmentally friendly material, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has the following advantages: renewable raw materials, easy recycling, biodegradable, safety and so on. It can be combined with antibacterial agents to prepare the antibacterial packing materials for food. In this paper, the nano-ZnO was modified by titanate coupling agent TM-38s at first,determines the best dosage of TM-38 is 3% in the modification process,the dosage of the isopropyl alcohol for 40ml,improving its dispersibility. And then added in the MFC suspension to formulate the antibacterial coating for antibacterial coated paper preparation. The changes of antibacterial properties of the paper before and after coating were investigated in this study. The results showed that the paper had a significant antibacterial activity to e. coli and staphylococcus aureus (the antibacterial circle was bigger than 15 mm).When the nano-ZnO dosage was 2.5wt%, the antibacterial properties of the coated paper could reach the best situation. Application of the antibacterial caoated paper to the food packaging could restrain and kill the microorganisms on the food surface effectively, prolong the shelf life of food, and improve the food safety.

As an important document for the description and communication of transport policies, transport white papers have drawn special attention in western countries. This paper studies European transport white papers with the aim to explore their merits for reference. Firstly, the paper reviews the chronological development of European transport white papers to give a holistic view. Then, three European transport white papers that have critical historical meanings are analyzed in details, inspecting their issue background and policy objectives. Moreover, the features of European transport white papers are summarized, which include the concentration on chief problem, thorough action plan and flexible content system. These features deserve learning for other authorities when developing transport white papers.

Noise is one of the problems that often occur in urban areas due to the traffic condition. Noise in a building design depends on the choice of materials as sound absorbers. The type of sound dampening material that already exists is a porous material, a resonator, and a panel. The material often used as an absorber is porous materials, because it is relatively cheaper and lighter, especially to reduce the noise in the narrow spaces such as housing and offices. Various substitutes are made from cheap materials, such as the use of recycled materials of egg tray paper with the size of 40 x 40 centimeters. This is a quantitative research that will measure the place of egg tray paper in reducing noise, using a Sound Level Meter. The use of the egg tray paper is able to show an adequate acoustic quality as noise absorbers, with the average value of NR 22-26 dB.

This paper defines the efficiency similarity of different motor driving devices. Based on the efficiency function characteristics which can be approximately considered a concave, non-negative function through the origin, we present a kind of optimal control method for a felt driven by three different motors in paper machine. It gives the minimum total power consumption. The optimal control method is to keep the same torque rate for each motor driving device. This method is independent of the linearity or nonlinearity of the system and has no need for the system’s state equation or transfer function. Since the shapes of efficiency functions in nature are similar, the conclusion can also be applied to the energy optimization of other general devices.

This paper mainly discuss the effect of beating on OCC pulp fiber morphology and paper physical Strength. After the treatment with PFI, the beating degree were ranged from 25 ° SR rises from 56 °SR, the fiber morphologies were greatly changed, and appeared splitting and brooming. Physical results showed that beating can improve strength properties of OCC pulp in the proper degree, 46°SR was the best result in this study.

In order to study the corresponding relationship between the design and fashion of tea gift package, this paper will analyze and discuss the color design and packaging style of tea gift package. Besides, this paper will also do research on the cultural origin of tea and the value of package, and analyze the influence of package on consumers. Finally, based on the research, the author had design a tea gift package that is in accordance with the current trend. This study uses bright yellow and orange as predominant colors to present nobleness of tea of Alishan. The colors used on the packaging will render people associate with harvest in autumn.

The quality of product of manufacturing industries depends on dimension accurately and surface roughness quality. There are many types of surface defects and levels of surface roughness quality. Ironing process is one type of metal forming process, which aims to reduce the wall thickness of the cup-shaped or pipes products, thus increasing the height of the wall. Manually surface inspection procedures are very inadequate to ensure the surface in guaranteed quality. To ensure strict requirements of customers, the surface defect inspection based on image processing techniques has been found to be very effective and popular over the last two decades. The paper has been reviewed some papers based on image processing for defect detection. It has been tried to find some alternatives of useful methods for product surface defect detection of ironing process.

This paper presents the performance investigations of the spatial domain image watermarking for camera-captured images on different types of printers and printable materials. We examine the effects of our previous watermarking method based on the modification of image pixels on three types of printers, i.e. inkjet, laser and photo printers, and four different types of printing papers, i.e. uncoated, matte, glossy and semi-glossy papers. In the experiments, the DSLR camera is used as tool to capture the printed watermarked images, while the image registration technique based on projective transformation is used to diminish the RST and perspective distortions in the captured image. The performances in terms of extracted watermark accuracy at equivalent watermarked image quality on different types of printers and printing papers are measured and compared.

This paper aimed at the quality of the transparent paper package, developed a machine vision detection system and successfully applied it in production line. A variety of transparent paper defects are detected out. This system makes the transparent paper packing quality b improved and provides good reference for the application of the technology of machine vision detection.

There are too many waste that has the capability in undermine the environment, including paper waste. The unused paper waste collected from one office only could reach two tons a year. To decrease the possibility of paper waste in ruining the environment, it can be recycled to be any usable things. One example is recycle the paper waste into paper brick as building material. Before the brick can be used, it needs to be tested whether it can create a thermal comfort or not. So the objectives of the research are to find the ability of paper brick in create thermal comfort, and compare it with the red brick that is commonly used by people. The method used in this research is field measurement using model and hygrometer as a tool. The result of the research is that the paper brick can create a thermal comfort in some hours of a day. But it turns out that it is not better than the red brick in decreasing the outside temperature. The temperature inside the building with a red brick is lower that the temperature in the building with the paper brick.

Along with the widespread use of food wrap paper, it is very important to discuss the migration of lead in paper. The migration of lead from six kinds of food wrap papers under different temperatures (5 °C, 25°C, 35°C, 60°C and 85°C) were investigated by using water as an imitation in this paper. It was found that the initial migration rate was affected by the sizing degree of paper, but the final migration ratio was mainly decided by initial concentration of lead in paper, and the migration rate increased with the increasing of temperature.

By using printability tester for printing on ordinary white cardboard and light beam hologram paper, measuring spectral information and chrominance information of the two samples, and then perform spectral fitting by analyses their color characteristics, The aim of this research was to propose one method for color calculation of printing on light beam hologram papers, according to the color information of ordinary white cardboard.

Green and environmental protection has become a theme of contemporary furniture design. As a unique furniture material, paper has characteristics like wide source, easy processing, non-toxic and pollution-free. It has been used in the development and design of furniture. Paper furniture has broad application prospects.

In order to improve the printing quality, 10 kinds of different manufacturers, different gram weight offset paper are used in this title, measure the quantitative, thickness, gloss, K&N values, and roughness of those paper. Print papers through IGTAIC2-5, calculate the ink transfer rate and transfer parameters. Using SPSS to analysis relationship between the performance of paper and ink transfer rate, transfer parameter b, k, f ' by using mathematical methods. The research results show that the performance of the paper affect ink transfer rate and transfer parameter b, k, f '; The tightness, roughness ,glossiness and K&N value have notable effect on the ink transfer rate and transfer parameter k; transfer parameter b, f ' has no remarkable influence.

The experiment studied effects of paper on the height and glossiness of UV ink-jet 3D printing. The results showed that there all existed penetrations between the 1st ink layer and three kinds of paper, the bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the larger the penetration was, and penetration between the 1st ink and paper was obviously larger than that between two ink layers. Penetration between two ink layers was stable, almost not affected by paper. The bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the smaller the glossiness of ink layer was. There appeared directional ink strips on ink layer on three kinds of paper, beginning from the 3rd ink layer, there also appeared ink pits on ink layer on paper whose roughness and bulk were the biggest, which showed printer precision was also an important factor for the glossiness, apart from paper. Thus, the tight and smooth paper should be selected in UV ink-jet 3D printing. Before printing, pretreatment should be done to exclude the influence of the 1st ink layer and the ink strips.

Most paper-based 3D color printers are plagued by the problem of slow printing speed, which is caused by the double-sided coloration for A4 office paper during the printing process. In order to resolve this issue, we propose a new fast and reliable coloration algorithm using geometric information in STL file, given the existing slicing methods. During the entire process, the colored surface is determined by D value that represents the positive or negative slope of layer in the 3D model after slicing. Colored inks with corresponding permeability are used to print single-sided or double-sided to accelerate the printing speed. For the given 3D models, the efficiency of the speedup is discussed and qualitatively analyzed. The results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the printing speed of paper-based 3D color printers, based on the existing materials and apparatus, at a lower cost than the common approaches.

This paper has a brief introduction to a algorithm that can automatically identify the defective cutting region when automatic paper cutter does quality analysis. The algorithm analyzed the characteristics of processed shear mark image,detected defects,found a critical point of defective part ,then a unique regional recognition algorithm was developed based on the basis of the general processing algorithm. The algorithms can pinpoint the region that cutting defects exist according to the coordinates of critical point accurately, improve the efficiency of quality analysis, and also has stated that image processing is available in the regional recognition of automatic paper cutter.

Tea has been a popular beverage since ancient time and accumulated a great deal of culture. In modern society, tea packaging design attracts a lot of attention. How to reflect the integration of traditional culture and modern culture from the perspectives of shape, pattern and color and cater to consumers needs at home and abroad and make the tea packaging fun has become the key of tea packaging design. The important function of packaging is to attract consumers’ attention and trigger their desire to buy the product. Through the visual design of packaging, it is a vital way to reflect the quality of tea, as well as increase the value of goods. Highlighting the characteristics of tea is the fundamental purpose of packaging. The color, pattern and text attribution are essential element in packaging, meanwhile it conveys the product information. The application of color, pattern and text and other factors in the study make the tea more competitive. It exchanges information between tea and consumer. Good tea packaging can not only improve sales, but also enhance the brand image, and expand spread of traditional tea culture.

This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This research was continued with injecting diesel fuel into the chamber using a Bosch common rail system. Direct photography technique with a digital camera was used to clarify the real images of spray pattern, liquid length and vapor penetration. The method of the simulation of real phenomenon of diesel combustion with optical access rapid compression machine is also reviewed and experimental results are presented. The liquid phase of the spray reaches a maximum penetration distance soon after the start of injection, while the vapor phase of the spray continues to penetrate downstream. The condition to which the fuel is affected was estimated by combining information on the block temperature, ambient temperature and photographs of the spray. The increases in ambient pressure inside the chamber resulting in gain of spray area and wider spray angle. Thus predominantly promotes for a better fuel-air mixing. All of the experiments will be conducted and run by using CFD. The simulation will show in the form of images.

This paper proposed an improved method based on adaptive with threshold wavelet transform denoising, according to image is often affected by noise pollution in the process of acquisition and transmission, compared with the advantages and disadvantages of traditional digital filtering method. It extracts the structure information and details of the image. It can adaptively select wavelet transform of optimal decomposition level and soft threshold to achieve the optimal noise reduction effect. The Simulation results demonstrate that this theory can effectively filter Gaussian noise and Salt and pepper noise, at the same time well protect the image details and achieve better visual effects.

The contribution deals with the possibilities of the use of existing commercially available vectorization programs for recognition drawing entities in raster graphics format obtained by scanning of the engineering drawing. Drawing entities as a line (solid, dashed, dot-dashed etc.), dimension, hatch, various symbols, text, etc., have specific semantic for the designer defined by standards. Expert knows to interpret this graphic language and he knows to create a mental model of the real object. To be able interpret digital content of the engineering drawing obtained by scanning by the form of 3D computer model often requires to perform many intelligent operations. In the first step it is necessary to obtain such vector representation of the scanned drawing to be able to identify the original drawing entities. Suitability of using the contemporary commercial vectorizing programs for engineering drawings was verified on the test sample of the drawing entities and the results are published in the paper.

An effective method of trajectory reconstruction is presented in order to identify aerodynamic parameters. A novel smoother URTSS, which can get more optimal ballistic parameters, is introduced because of the biggish error caused by the uncertain initial conditions. Finally the validity of the method is verified by the experimental data. It also proves that URTSS can improves the accuracy of the identification of aerodynamic parameters.

In the paper experiments and theory of biogas production using industrial waste from paper production as a co-substrate are described. The main aim of the experiments was to evaluate the sensitivity and applicability of the biochemical conversion using the anaerobic digestion of the mixed biomass in the pilot fermentor (5 m3), where the mesophillic temperature was maintained. It was in parallel operation with a large scale fermentor (100 m3). The research was carried out at the biogas plant in Kolíňany, which is a demonstration facility of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The experiments proved that the waste arising from the paper production can be used in case of its appropriate dosing as an input substrate for biogas production, and thus it can improve the economic balance of the biogas plant.

In Thailand Manufacturing, checking employee attendance is one of the important issues for human resource, because many manufacturing evaluate employees’ attendance and while giving the final bonus, HRs considers their total number of appearances on manufacture during the whole work time. This brings to the idea of having some tool to control employees’ attendance. Some manufacturing prefer to use paper sheet for controlling attendance, whereas some manufacturing prefer to use paper sheet for checking employees' attendance and after this, fill out these information into a system manually, like Thailand Manufacturing in Siracha Province does. However, this is not an efficient way since there will be spent much of time for checking employees names and putting marks like "presence" or "absence". Moreover, some employees may call his/her friend as "presence" even though this employee is currently absent. After thinking all these issues, researcher of the following research paper decided to create a system that makes easier to check employees’ attendance automatically, and this system is implemented in Thailand Manufacturing near SiRacha province. Actually, this is the first time when such kind of system is being used in manufacturing system of Thailand. The system is based on 1D barcode technology and run on mobile application with Android OS, and in this paper, details of this system are presented.

Searching for new sources of energy in order to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and also to preserve the environmentmeets thenecessityfor finding effective solutions to the problem of waste generated in different production levels.In juice pulp processing industrylarge volumes of waste are produced daily and can contribute, with its burning, for energy production. Once it is necessary the removal of moisture from the residue, this study evaluate the conventional drying and microwave drying of the biomass generated by peels of orange, mango and passion fruit with initial mean moisture content higher than 75%. The experiments were performed in oven at a temperature of 150°C and the average time for an almost complete withdrawal of peels studied was 130min. For drying by microwave with power of 900W, the average time required for the total reduction in moisture was 8.5min. The drying Page model was adjusted by non-linear regression to data obtained with correlation coefficients in all cases greater than 0.955. The higher heating value was rated equal to 16,25kJ/g, 19,62kJ/g, 16,35kJ/g for the peels of orange, mango and passion fruit, respectively. The average energy consumption for the drying process in the oven was 81,25kJ/gevaporated water and 12,07 kJ/gevaporatedwaterin the process by microwave, which indicates that drying using microwave is a very interesting option.

In recent years, there have been a number of interests on the Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) as a potential alternative dielectric insulating fluid in transformers which stimulate different types of studies on these oils properties. Among the important studies is the lightning impulse properties. This paper presents the investigation on the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of PO and CO under non-uniform electric field. The PO used in this study is Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein type. The influence of the testing methods, rising-voltage and up-and-down are investigated at 2 gap distances for both oils. It was found that the lightning breakdown voltage performance for some of the RBDPO and CO are comparable to MO.

A portable electronic nose (e-nose) using low-cost dynamic headspace and commercially metal oxide gas sensors has been developed. This paper reports evaluation on the performance of the e-nose to classify vegetable oils (sunflower and grape seed oils) and animal fats (mutton, chicken and pig fats). The e-nose consists of a dynamic headspace sampling, a gas sensor array and a real-time data acquisition system based on ATMega-16 microcontroller. The dynamic headspace can divided into two chambers, i.e. sample and gas sensor array room. It is also equipped with three small fans for adjusting sensing and purging processes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for measurement data analysis after all features being extracted. The first two principal components were kept because they accounted for 91.1% of the variance in the data set (first and second principals accounted for 72.9, 18.2% of the variance, respectively). This results show that the e-nose can distinguish vegetable oils and animal fats. This work demonstrates for the future that the e-nose with low-cost dynamic headspace technique may be applied to the identification of oils and fats in halal authentication.

Sugar industry is one of the vital sectors in improving the economy of any country. But, sugar industries are striving hard to increase their profitability due to high cost of sugar production accompanied with low selling price. Without resorting to radical restructuring of sugar plant, but through proper planning, annual savings can be improved. One of the artifices to address this issue is through improving the quality of sugar so that selling price can be increased which in turn generates more revenue to the plant. The Juice Sulphitation process, as applied in the manufacturing of sugar, is a subject of such wide-spread interest. The mixed juice from the mills contains soluble and non-soluble suspended non-sugars. These impurities are to be precipitated by the judicious and controlled addition of Milk of Lime (CaO) and subsequent neutralization by Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) gas. This paper attempts to improve the quality of sugar by optimizing the quantity of lime (in the form of milk of lime) and sulphur (in the form of SO2 gas) added in the juice sulphitation process of a sugar plant. Two factor factorial experimentation was adopted to obtain an optimal combination of lime and sulphur quantities. Data of Transmittancy test on sugar juice was collected by varying the quantities of lime and sulphur. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table was plotted which explored the significant effects of individual treatments and interaction effects. Further to this, comparison of treatment means was carried out to find out the best treatment combination values for achieving the optimal quality of sugar from sugarcane.

The stock approach system of Chinese high speed tissue paper machines and the configuration of measuring and control points are specified. After introducing the control of absolute dry pulp quantity, the control scheme of Fuzzy-PID composite is implemented. The application result indicates that the scheme proposed is feasible and effective

Rock burst is one of geological hazards encountered frequently, rock burst research has important significance for safety production in mine. The paper based on different definitions of rock burst, the produce conditions and manifestation of rock burst are summarized, and classified. The mechanism and prediction of rock burst in the mainstream view the advantage and disadvantages on comparison, a novel thought is given for rock burst mechanism. Suggest t to continue research on the mechanism of rock burst, and multi field coupling method to predict rock burst.

With the widely application use of UHV（ultra- high- voltage） transmission，increased the system low frequency oscillations，and flexible application of high-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) and flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) can improve the system damping oscillation inhibition. This paper Based on the research results in recent years, classify& summarize HVDC and FACTS devices the theoretical basis and the main application places, and according to the way of access system of parallel, series and parallel hybrid FACTS devices stable controller design and optimization are summarized and classified.

Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as an energy resource to help aid the national energy depletion crisis of fossil fuel and coal. One of the most potential renewable energy sources in Malaysia is hydropower followed by solar energy. This paper presents the fabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using organic dyes from dragon fruit and chlorophyll which is extracted from spinach. The fabrication of DSSC uses the Dr.blade method. Result shows that the efficiency by using dragon fruit as sensitizer at 40µm TiO2 Thickness is 6.45%, better than the usage of chlorophyll dye which is 4.23% at the same thickness. Result also shows that at 80µm by using the dyes from chlorophyll extract has higher solar cell efficiency compare to dragon fruit. This shows that both the chlorophyll extract and dragon fruit shows potential in the development of a feasible working organic dye.

In this study, the research team aimed to apply the use of biological capturing system of single cell algae, common microalgae species Chlorella sp. that have higher photosynthetic efficiencies in efficient capturing carbon dioxide. Here, , In the biological CO2 capturing process, biogas was pumped to the water recycling culturing medium, only CO2, not CH4, could dissolved efficiently with the sprayer and recycling medium system. The results showed the microorganisms could resist to methane except H2S and significantly induced at least 90-95% CO2 removal efficiency and increased in Cholerella sp. biomass production within 7 day cultivation compared the system without CO2 feeding (0.6 and 0.4 percentage (g/mL), respectively. Since the biological treatment approach was durable and could possibly further applied for treating flue carbon dioxide exhausted by power plant and fuel-types, and mitigating acid rain, heavy fuel oil, natural gas prevention.

The purpose of this research was undertaken to use flour of wild taro corm (ColocasiaEsculenta (L.) Schott) as a resist paste for batik on cotton fabric and using dye solution from pigment dyestuffs. Colour value, K/S values, sharpness of cotton batik fabric were evaluated. The washing and rubbing fastness of the batik fabric was also evaluated. From the result of experiment it can be concluded that the pattern at resist area of cotton batik fabrics show sharpness. Colour fastness to washing and rubbing were ranging between good to very good level. Pigment dye solution can be painted on cotton fabric by using batik technique.

The extended uses of mineral oil based lubricant have continuously troubling the global environment issues. The remaining mineral oil resources also being the most debated issues in renewable energy conferences. Vegetable oils are still offering the highest possibility in replacing the mineral oil resources. This research is concerning on how to eliminate one of the disabilities found in palm oil based lubricant which is oxidation. Palm oil possessed unsaturated double bond in which susceptible to oxidation process. The simplest approach is to blend the palm oil based with anti – oxidant agent homogenously. This research was conducted using double fractionated palm oil (SPL) as lubricant and Tertiary-Butyl-Hydroquinone (TBHQ) as anti – oxidant agent to determine the tribology behavior including the coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter and the surface roughness profile. The experiment was also conducted using four-ball tribotester by following ASTM D4172B standard. Superior Mineral Engine Oil (EO) was used as comparison. The results found that SPL+TBHQ was able to reduce the coefficient of friction and provided lower surface roughness value. However it was unable to minimize the mean wear scar diameter compared to EO. The physical appearances of wear worn are also being observed in this research.

Banana flour is one of the main commercial products that could be incorporated into other food products. However, the current processing of banana flour production is not only incompatible to traditional village level; but also difficult to manage for the quality control. In this work, we constructed the low cost banana flour processing machines including dryer and pounder. We also tested our machines by using three conditions of banana cleaning such as salt, vinegar and red lime. The dehydrate banana and flour were characterized by CIE-Lab and particle size analysis. After pneumatic drying at 70oC and 3 hr, we found that vinegar had the whiteness value greater than other conditions. We also found that the flour obtained from vinegar presented the smallest diameter which was approximately 0.017 mm. This particle size diameter corresponds to mesh size No. 20 in ASTM E11:01 standard. These results showed that the characterization protocol of banana flour used to grading the dehydrate banana and flour. Therefore, with our project obtained can be such a high potential approach that can be developed product in household, community in terms of commercial production or community enterprise.

Fish cake is a popular cuisine among Thai people. However, the production process of pieces of raw fish cake still uses human labors so the production yield is quite low and it takes more consumption time. Moreover, the sizes of pieces of raw fish cake are not uniform. Therefore, the researchers aimed to design and construct a fish cake making machine to help improve the practical fish cake production process. The results showed that the fish cake making machine could manage raw fish cake into 20 even, round shaped pieces with a 50 mm diameter, 8 mm thickness within a minute. It required electrical power from an electric motor harboring 220 volt (AC), 60 watts, and speed at 28 rpm. The consumed electrical power was approximately 0.19 baht per hr. The results showed that with the qualification of fish cake making machine that can make several pieces of raw fish cake at the same size, the users satisfied it at least 70%. It is expected that more development of this fish cake machine will be tentatively worldwide applied in the food industry.

At the ambient temperatures, the influence of operating conditions on persulfate (S2O8) oxidation of real textile wastewater was investigated for the removal of color, suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The effects of oxidant dosage, initial solution pH and contact time were studied in a series of batch experiments using persulfate (PS) oxidant as sodium persulfate. Oxidant dose was defined by an oxidant/contaminant (PS/COD) molar ratio, varied from 1/1-10/1. Although parameter removals increased with the oxidant dose, especially for color and SS, a PS/COD molar ratio of 4/1 (6720mg/L) was adopted in a bid to use fewer chemicals. The pH was varied from 2-11, with pH of between 2 and 3 being the optimum. At 360minutes contact time, the removals of color, SS and COD were 84%; 71% and 32% respectively. Although relatively effective, especially for color removal, results show that the reactions might have been inhibited at ambient temperatures as shown by the particularly low removal of COD.

TheProduction of biofuel from biomass sources is believed to reduce the reliance of fossil fuel and its cost. This investigation was aimed to produce and characterize the bio-oil obtained from co-pyrolysis. Two different feed stocks were used for co-pyrolysis; one is Mahua seed (MS) and the other one is Polystyrene (PS). The effect in addition of plastic to biomass in pyrolysis process were investigated on the yield and quality of products. Experiments were conducted in a semi-batch pyrolysis reactor under various parameters of temperature, heating rate and blending ratio. The results indicated that a temperature of 525 °C, and blend ratio of 1:1is maximumwith a heating rate of 20 °C/min. The yield of bio-oil obtained from the co-pyrolysis was found to be approximately 71%, which was higher about 22% than that of yield obtained from pyrolysis of Mahua seed (MS) alone. Further the bio-oil was characterized using different spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. The analysis of the results for characterization of bio-oil indicated that the synergetic effect increased the bio-oil yield and its quality.

In current years, many researches have been worked to find new sources of alternative fuels. In this situation, the water hyacinth will be a new source for bioethanol. In this study, bioethanol extracted from water hyacinth is blended with diesel (5-BED, 5% bioethanol and 95% diesel v/v) and has been used to experimentally investigate the diesel engine performance and emission. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique with three engine operating variables like (i) Load, (ii) Compression ratio (CR) and (iii) Fuel Injection pressure (FIP) has been implemented to evaluate diesel engine performance using bioethanol diesel blend. The equations were obtained for Brake power (BP), Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), Brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), and NO emission by using quadratic polynomial

By exploring the acid yellow G to buck dyes dyeing was carried out on the fast-growing Yang path of material。Through orthogonal test to determine the optimum technology of dyeing;Test results are as follows。Dyed with acid dyes, test optimization process is dye mass fraction is 0.3%, dyeing time for 4 days, penetrating agent mass fraction is 0.05%, the dye solution pH value of 5.2.。

This article explores treatment method of waste fountain solution from sheet-fed offset printing. First calcium chlorate is used to have a oxidation treatment for the waste water, then it is dealt with composite coagulants polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and cation polyacrylamide (CPAM) under different pH value. The results show that quality of the waste fountain solution could reach the national second-grade standard of sewage comprehensive discharge through the above treatment (GB 8978--1996) when treating with 0.7 g/L calcium hypochlorite and then sinking with PAC 4.0 g/L, CPAM 75.0 mg/L under the pH value of 8.0 for about 10 minutes. With the optimum treatment conditions removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and hexavalent chromium are above 90%, 94%, near to 98% and above 99% respectively.

With the rapid development of China's socialist economy, and information technology updating very quickly, while the masses begin to concern the sports, then their demanding for sports information is also increasing. Therefore, this paper based on the micro-blog effecting on the sports information dissemination as a starting point to think about the role of micro-blog on sports information, and offer some practical reference for China's sports information workers.

This Paenibacillus polymyxa (P1) was fermented under the specific conditions and extracted the microbial flocculant (MBFP1) whose main components were polysaccharide. Compounded the MBFP1 and modified sepiolite fibers according to a certain mass ratio to make the microbial flocculant/sepiolite fibers water treatment materials (MBFSF), then analyzed their microstructure by SEM,and studied on the pollutants removal capacity in domestic sewage.The results show that,COD removal rate in domestic sewage can reach 97.2%,when pH=7.2 and the addition quantity of MBFSF is 15mg/L,in which the composite mass ratio of MBFP1 and sepiolite fibers is 5:2.Therefore,MBFSF has many advantages such as little dosage,high flocculating rate,fast settling velocity and no pollution,etc.

Malaysia has great potential for biomass stock. The fact that oil palm fronds contain high moisture content makes it unsuitable to be used directly as a biomass fuel neither for direct combustion nor gasification. Conventional and costly drying methods make the fronds a non-attractive fuel especially in humid tropical countries, where sources of biomass is abundant. A new solar dryer design is proposed that utilizes concentrated solar thermal energy for drying oil palm fronds. A prototype for the dryer has been fabricated and tested. The system’s target is to maximize the thermal energy received by the system and to minimize energy loss out of the system. Experiments were performed on samples of oil palm fronds at a drying temperature not exceeding 110°C; in order not to affect the organic material of the biomass. Results were compared with another experiment performed at the same temperature. An electric oven was used for drying. The samples were completely dried using the proposed system for 6.5 hours, compared to 10.5 hours by using the electric oven. The proposed system achieved an average drying rate of 4.75 g/hr compared to an average drying rate of 2.83 g/hr using the electric oven. The efficiency of the dryer was calculated to be 55.4%, implying good potential of the proposed system.