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A new type of adsorbent which prepared with waste paper as raw material was applied in the treatment of dye wastewater, and studied the processing conditions on treatment effect. Batch adsorption study carried out as a function of the dosage, the stirring time, the stirring speed and the pH. The adsorption rate of newspaper adsorbent to basic blue dye simulated wastewater and alkaline yellow wastewater with an initial concentration of 80mg·L-1 can reach 98.56% and 92.23% at 4g·L-1 of the dosage of paper adsorbent, 15min of the stirring time and 150r·min-1of the stirring speed. The maximum adsorption were 233.1g·L-1 and 289.4g·L-1 respectively. The isothermal adsorption experiment was also studied and concluded that the adsorption equilibrium data fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The characterization experiment showed that the modified paper adsorbent had stronger absorbability.

Modal analysis was done to steel shaft and rubber shaft, and their top ten orders of nature frequency were obtained. The lowest nature frequency of steel shaft is 64HZ and the rubber steel’s is 2.2463HZ. Doppler vibration measurement was done to main shaft of paper advance mechanism and the time domain signal and frequency domain signal were obtained when the rotational speed is 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 Rpm. The frequency and amplitude were obtained by signal analysis. It proves that the nature frequency of steel main shaft is much higher than measuring result, but the seventh and eighth order nature frequency of rubber material is in accord with measuring result of laser doppler vibration.

Although the Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GMPHD) filter is a multi-target tracker that can alleviate the computational intractability of the optimal multi-target Bayes filter and its computational complex is lower than that of sequential Monte Carlo probability hypothesis density (SMCPHD), its computational burden can be reduced further. In the standard GMPHD filter, each observation should be matched with each component when the PHD is updated. In practice, time cost of evaluating many unlikely measurements-to-components parings is wasteful, because their contribution is very limited. As a result, a substantial reduction in complexity could be obtained by directly setting relative value associated with these parings. A fast GMPHD algorithm is proposed in the paper based on gating strategy. Simulation results show that the fast GMPHD can save computational time by 60%~70% without any degradation in performance compared with standard GMPHD.

In this paper, the adsorption properties of oil-containing wastewater on Fly Ash （FA）were investigated. The effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH value and the temperature were examined. The equilibrium adsorption data are analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm fits the experimental results well. The study indicates that FA is a potential adsorbent for oil-containing wastewater treatment.

The graphene (GE) films were fabricated in this paper through the deposition of graphene oxide (GO) sheets onto the quartz slide by means of dip-coating technique, followed by thermal annealing. The growth process and transmittance of the film were monitored by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), the surface morphology and structure were investigated by Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman. The sheet resistance of the film was also tested and results showed that the sheet resistance is about 60 kΩ-1and the transmittance is as high as 81 % (at 550 nm).

Low permeability of fast-growing eucalyptus wood restricts its high value in use. In order to explore effective ways of improving the permeability of eucalyptus wood, the method of applying microwave radiation to Eucalyptus urophylla (Eucalyptus grandis×Eucalyptus urophylla) is used to promote its rapid evaporation of water, by which vapor pressure highly increases inside, then vapor bubbles break through the weak points of the wood tissue, as a result, the permeability of the wood is improved. Under the same conditions, wood was tested to achieve the results of water absorption rate (WAR) and water loss rate (WLR) in water sorption measurement and saturated suction drying experiment respectively, after which the permeability, the modulus of rupture (MOR) as well as the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the test wood are recorded. The results show that the WAR and WLR of the microwave treated wood is higher than that of the untreated wood. Thus it is concluded that microwave radiation can improve the permeability of urophylla wood. But the time of microwave pretreatment has a significant effect on the WAR and WLR, which may be associated with lower microwave power and the variability of the tested material. MOR and MOE of the test material did not change significantly after the microwave treatment.

In this article, graphite oxide was prepared via Hummers method, then reduced by L-ascorbic acid to obtain colloidal suspension of graphene. The resultant graphene was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, Raman, XRD, AFM, TEM in detail, and it was found that the the sp2 domain of graphene oxide is restored efficiently, the suspension is very stable and most of the graphene is single-layer. Compared to hydrazine hydrate, L-ascorbic acid has higher deoxygenation efficiency and inclines to gain few-layer graphene and its stable suspensions.

The feasibility of coal gangue as an adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the equilibrium data were well fit to Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity calculated was 2.49 mg/g at 25°C. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second order model. And the practical waste water experiment indecated that the phosphate concentration of real sewage decreased from 0.625mg/L to 0.121mg/L. These results suggested that coal gangue can be used as an adsorbent to removal phosphate from wastewater.

This paper aims to estimate the effect of turbulent inlet flow to vortices on Delta wing with four different turbulence intensity from 0.5% to 15% and the effect of taper ratios to aerodynamic characteristics of Delta wings with four taper ratios: 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the formation, development, and breakdown of vortices on Delta wings when changing taper ratios and turbulence intensity thence determining the center of vortices with the range of attack angles from 5o to 40o in low velocities about 2.5 m/s. This research uses Delta wing models with a 40o swept-back leading edge, the root chord length 150 mm, and a thickness 5 mm. The problem is simulated by using ANSYS fluent and experiment in the subsonic wind tunnel to compare and validate results. The Delta wing models are meshed by using ICEM to improve the mesh quality and using the turbulence model for low Reynolds number flows Transition SST (4 equations) to calculate aerodynamic characteristics such as lift coefficient, drag coefficient, pressure coefficient... find the paths which connect centers of the vortices, and show the contours of pressures and velocities to evaluate the change of centers of the vortices. The results showed that the two vortices grow up and tend to move inward when the attack angle increase, the vortices are broken strongly in high attack angles, the aerodynamic quality of Delta wings change insignificantly when changing turbulent intensity at inlet. This research also carried out that the stall angle increase when increasing the taper ratio.

This paper aims to report the influence of water vapor on thermal oxide scale grown on incoloy800HT at 850°C. Alloy was prepared in coupons with a surface finishing up to 1200 SiC abrasive paper. Oxidization was performed in tubular furnace at 850°C during 50 hours. The oxidizing gases were varied as a dry oxygen gas and a wet oxygen gas. Thermal oxide morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Oxide phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The oxide multilayers were revealed in all the oxidized samples. Oxide spallation was obviously detected on the samples oxidized under a dry oxygen gas, whereas, the spallation was not detected on the samples oxidized under a wet oxygen gas. Moreover, by water vapor mixing gas, the alloy surface presented a finer oxide. XRD and Raman spectroscopy provided the coincident oxide identification results. The corundum oxide of (Fe,Cr)2O3and the spinel oxide of (Fe,Cr)3O4were identified as a typical thermal oxide, however, the oxides were different in stoichiometry. The existence of water vapor promoted a Cr2O3corundum oxide, whereas, a Fe3O4spinel oxide was hindered from the outer oxide layer. Hence, water vapor not only clearly influenced on oxide scale morphology but also affected on stoichiometry of (Fe,Cr)2O3and (Fe,Cr)3O4solid solution.

In the robotized production one of the more important think is to choose the optimal solution to use the robots with respect an objective function which represents, for example, minimum time of motion during a application, or minimum consumption of energy, or maximum precision, or combination of these. Some objective functions could results from the specificity of the application like is the case of casting of forging, where the minimum of the accumulation of heat could be one of the optimization criteria. In the controlling of the space movement of the end effecter and the robot’s joints of the all robots from the applications, one of the most important think is to know, with the extreme precision, the joints relative displacements of all robots. One of the most precise method to solve the inverse kinematics problem in the robots with redundant chain is the complex coupled method of the neural network with Iterative Pseudo Inverse Jacobian Matrix Method. In this paper was used the proper coupled method Iterative Pseudo Inverse Jacobian Matrix Method (IPIJMM) with Sigmoid Bipolar Hyperbolic Tangent Neural Network with Time Delay and Recurrent Links (SBHTNN-TDRL) to establish the optimal position of the application point of the robot's base with respect simultaneously two objective functions: the extreme precision and the minimum of the movements time. The paper shown how can be changed the multi robots application in to one application with parallel robot structure with three independent robots, all of them with optimal location point with respect the obiective function. The presented method and the virtual instrumentations (VI) are generally and they can be used in all other robots application and for all other conventional and unconventional space curves.

The strain-based failure assessment diagram (SB-FAD) has been developed to predict failure due to high plastic strains. This paper validates the SB-FAD by finite element results for high strength pipeline steel (X80, X80HD, and X90) with four representative specimens (CT, CCP, DECP, and SCEP) of different crack sizes, respectively. The influence of material properties, geometries and crack sizes on failure assessment curves were compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, the modified Option-1 curve of SB-FAD is given in this paper. The results showed that the modified Option-1 curve of SB-FAD is more accurate when the value of abscissais Dr small and more conservative when the value of abscissa Dr is large.

In many applications we used the multi robots with the central coordination of the 3D space trajectory. In the controlling of the space movement of the end effecter of the all robots from this type of applications and the robot’s joints one of the most important problem is to solve the forward and inverse kinematics, that is different from the single robot application. It is important to know with the extreme precision the joints relative displacements of all robots. One of the most precise method to solve the inverse kinematics problem in the robots with redundant chain is the complex coupled method of the neural network with Iterative Jacobian Pseudo Inverse method. In this paper was proposed and used the proper coupled method Iterative Pseudo Inverse Jacobian Matrix Method (IPIJMM) with Sigmoid Bipolar Hyperbolic Tangent Neural Network with Time Delay and Recurrent Links (SBHTNN-TDRL). The paper contents the mathematical matrix model of the forward kinematics of multiple robots applications, mathematical model of the proper iterative algorithm and all proper virtual LabVIEW instrumentation, to obtain the space conventional and unconventional curves in different Euller planes for one case study of three simultaneously robots movement with extreme precision of the end-effecter less than 0.001mm. The paper shown how can be changed the multi robots application in to one application with parallel robot structure with three independent robots. The presented method and the virtual instrumentations (VI) are generally and they can be used in all other robots application and for all other conventional and unconventional space curves.

In the paper the author presents the possibilities of the application of the electrolytic technique for the investigation of heat transfer coefficients in channels with nanofluids. The electrolytic technique called the limiting current method enables to obtain mass transfer coefficients on the basis of the electrochemical processes and the laws governing these physical phenomena. The exemplary graph presenting the limiting currents values resulting from the experiment is shown in Fig. 1. These are the voltammograms at different Reynolds numbers and the ion concentration Cb. Heat transfer coefficients can be calculated using the correlations describing the analogy of mass and heat transfer processes. Some cases of the possible application of the electrolytic technique and factors influencing the mass transfer experiment including the state of the electroactive surface, change in ion concentration and thickness of the diffusion layer are discussed in [1]. In this work the author focused on the mass transfer experiment with the application of the nanofluid. Special properties of the nanofluid should be taken into account in the investigations. The paper presents the preliminary results of the experiment with nanofluid in the annular channel.

The presented paper introduces the application of the Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) technique for measurements of contours of strains and stresses on 3-D surfaces. The paper focuses on three selected applications. Firstly, the methodology for determining the Poisson ratio of a material from tensile tests is described. Secondly, results of calibration verification of a biaxial extensometer used for measurements of shear strain in comparison with the ESPI measurements are presented. Finally, the experimental analysis of stresses in welds is discussed. As mentioned in the paper, the method is very useful for material testing, as well as for measurements on structural parts in service.

Inverse-Turbulent Prandtl number (α) is an important parameter in RNG k-ε turbulence models since it affects the ratio of molecular viscosity and turbulent viscosity. In curved pipe, this highly affects the model prediction to a large range eddy-scale flow. According to Yakhot & Orzag, the α range from 1-1.3929 has not been investigated in detail in curved pipe flow (Yakhot & Orszag, 1986) and specific Re. This paper varied inverse-turbulent Prandtl number α to 1-1.3 in RNG k-ε turbulence model on cylindrical curved pipe in order to obtain the optimum value of α to predict unfully-developed flow in the curve with curve ratio R/D of 1.607. Analysis was conducted numericaly with inlet specified Re of 40900 which was generated from the experiment at α 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3. Wall surface roughness is not considered in this paper. With assumption that thermal diffusivity is always dominant to turbulent viscosity, higher Inverse-turbulent Prandtl number represent domination of turbulent viscosity to molecular viscosity of the flow and predict to have more interaction between large scale eddy to small scale eddy as well. The results show the use of α = 1.3 has increased the turbulent kinetic energy by 7% and the turbulent dissipation by 5% compared to general inverse-turbulent Prandtl number of 1. The value difference shows that the use of higher α on RNG turbulence model described more interaction between eddies in secondary and swirling flow at pipe curve at Re = 40900.

The most important in the study of the robots is the kinematic and dynamic analyze. Many researchers studied the kinematics or dynamics without simulation and assisted analyze that it is very heavy to understand the behavior and to show some characteristics. The paper shows one assisted method by using the virtual proper LabVIEW instrumentation (VI). For the forward kinematics (FK) and for direct dynamics (DD) was used one recurrent matrix method which was developed with quaternion algebra, that will be possible to use in many different other types of robots, only by initial settings of the type of joints, the movement axis, the home position, the dimension of each robot’s body, the application point in the working space of the manufacturing cells and the internal coordinates in each joint. For the inverse kinematics (IK) we used the Iterative Pseudo Inverse Jacobian Matrix Method (IPIJMM) coupled with the proper Sigmoid Bipolar Hyperbolic Tangent Neural Network with Time Delay and Recurrent Links (SBHTNN-TDRL). The paper describe all steps in one case study to obtain the space curve in different Euller planes by using one arm type robot and the proposedVI-s. The presented method and the LabVIEWVI-s are generally and they can be used in all other robots types and for all other conventional and unconventional space curves.

This paper describes a simple, reliable and swift load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line calculations for routine and contingency purposes. It is applicable for networks of any size and can be executed effectively on computers. The method is a development on conventional load flow principle and its precise algorithm form has been determined to bring improvement to the conventional techniques. This paper presents a comparative study of the new constant Jacobian matrix load flow method built based on several conventional NR load flow methods. Assumptions are made so as to make the matrix constant, thus eliminating the need of calculating the matrix in every iteration. The proposed method exhibits better computation speed.

Inverse kinematics model of the industrial robot is used in the control of the end-effecter trajectory. The solution of the inverse kinematics problem is very difficult to find, when the degree of freedom increase and in many cases this is impossible. In these cases is used the numerical approximation or other method with diffuse logic. The paper showed one new method for optimization of the inverse cinematic solution by applying the proper assisted Iterative Pseudo Inverse Jacobian Matrix Method coupled with proper Sigmoid Bipolar Hyperbolic Tangent Neural Network with Time Delay and Recurrent Links Method (IPIJMM-SBHTNN-TDRLM). In the paper was shown one case study to obtain one space circle curve by using one arm type robot and the proposed method. The errors of the space coordinates of the circle, after applying the proposed method, was less than 0.001. The study has contained the determining the internal coordinates corresponding to the external coordinates of the circle space curve, by solving the inverse kinematics with the proposed method and after that, by applying the forward kinematics to this coordinates, were obtained the external coordinates, what were compared with the theoretical one. The presented method is general and it can be used in all other robots types and for all other conventional and unconventional space curves.

The load flow or power flow computer program is the basic tool for investigating the steady-state conditions of power system. This paper introduces improved algorithms based on the basic Second-order Load Flow method for a wide range of electrical bus system sizes. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off- and on-line calculations for routine and contingency purposes. Tests of 4 different variations based on the basic Second-order Load Flow method are run on 6 different standard bus systems and the results are discussed in this paper.

In a previous paper of the authors, a general method was presented for the reduction of a rigid plane plate to a discrete system of material points, with equivalent inertial properties (mass, center of mass, tensor of inertia). The present paper generalizes the method for rigid bodies of arbitrary shape, i.e. for material volumes, as well as for curved shells. It is shown that a homogenous ellipsoid can be reduced to a system of seven material points placed in significant geometrical points of the body. Next, starting from the concept of ellipsoid of inertia, an equivalent homogenous ellipsoid is determined for an arbitrary body. The method simplifies considerably the calculation of various mechanical quantities, such as moments and products of inertia with respect to rotated Cartesian coordinate systems, angular momentum and kinetic energy, of rigid bodies part of all types of mechanical devices or structures.

This paper present the investigation of sandwich model in the view of its properties. The objective of this paper is to define the mechanical properties of LM6 model and sandwich model. In recent years, researchers have viewed polymer matrix composite (PMC) as a potential material to increase the overall performance of materials for various type of field. This paper focused on the sandwich design by using metal material as the skin. The simulation study by using SolidWorks software is the simulation process used in this research to determine the stress, displacement and factor of safety of the design base. The purpose of design analysis in this paper is to prove the distribution data of simulation by indicating the maximum and minimum value of the design. In this research, LM6 materials used as the skin to introduced the kenaf-fibre composite in the sandwich design. LM6 is aluminium casting alloy which has tensile strength until 190MPa and its ductility properties enable to modify the shape by using casting process. The natural fibre has been used in this paper is kenaf-fibre due to its high tensile strength at 930MPa with 53GPa for the young modulus value. Two models are design for simulation study which is LM6 model and kenaf-fibre-LM6 model. These are to found out the characteristic between these two models.

This paper is devoted to the presentation of new formulations on the higher order motion energies that are used in the advanced dynamic study of robots. Integral part of these mechanical systems are the mechanical robot structures, on which an application will be presented in order to highlight the importance of the higher order motion energies regarding the dynamic behavior. In current dynamic studies, the kinetic energy is used as a central function in Lagrange - Euler equations. This paper extends the study by developing the acceleration energies of first, second and third order and their implementation in differential equations of motion of third and fourth order, which gives the possibility of applying the initial motion conditions in positions, velocities and accelerations of first and second order. This leads to a more precise control on the transitory motion phases of the multibody systems, in which the robot structures are included.

Nonlinear magneto-electric response characteristics of giant magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composite sensors in harmonic and stochastic magnetic fields were studied in this paper. Van der Pol nonlinear difference items were introduced to interpret the hysteresis phenomena of both giant magnetostrictive material and piezoelectric ceramics. The nonlinear dynamic model of giant magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composite sensors in harmonic and stochastic magnetic fields was developed. The expression of dynamic response of the system was obtained, and the bifurcation characteristics of the system were analyzed. The magneto-electric coefficient of the composite sensors was determined, and the effects of system parameters on the dynamic characteristics and magneto-electric coefficient of the system were analyzed. The simulation results show that there are stochastic Hopf bifurcation and jump phenomena of vibration amplitude in the system, and both of that can be avoided through adjusting parameters. The experimental results show that the system’s motion becomes chaotic when stochastic excitation is extremely large. The results of this paper are helpful for optimal design and improvement of giant magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composite sensors.

Inverse-turbulent Prandtl number (α) is one of important parameters on RNG k-ε turbulence model which represent the cascade energy of the flow, which occur in cylindrical curved-pipe. Although many research has been done, turbulent flow in curved pipe is still a challanging problem. The range of α of the basic RNG k-ε turbulence model described by Yakhot and Orszag (1986) with range 1-1.3929 has to be more specific on Reynolds number (Re) and geometry. However, since the viscosity is sensitive to velocity and temperature, the reference of α is needed on specific range of Reynolds number. This paper is aimed to gain optimum inverse-turbulent Prandtl number of the flow in curved pipe with upper and lower Re which simulated numerically with CFD. The Re at the inlet side were; Re = 13000 and Re = 63800 on cylindrical curved-pipe with r/D of 1.607.The inverse-turbulent Prandtl number (α) were varied to 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3. The curved pipe was an cylindrical air pipe with 43mm inlet diameter. The computational grid that is used for CFD numerical simulation with CFDSOF®, hexagonal-surface fitted consist of 139440 cells. CFD simulation done with inverse-turbulent Prandtl number α varies by 1, 1.1, 1.2, dan 1.3. The wall is assumed to zero-roughness. The CFD simulation generated several results; at Re 13000, the value of α did not affect the turbulent parameter which also confirmed the basic therory of RNG k-ε turbulence model that the minimum Re of α is 2.5 x 104. At Re = 63800, the use of α of 1.1 shows more turbulent flow domination on molecular flow. Lower eddy dissipation by 1.67%, increasing turbulent kinetic energy by 2.2%, and Effective viscosity increase by 4.7% compared to α = 1. Therefore, the use of α 1.1 is the most suitable value to be used to represent turbulent flow in curved pipe with RNG k-ε turbulence model with Re 63800 and r/D 1.607 among others value that have discussed in this paper.

This paper mainly introduces the origins, basic structures and family members of carbon, the focus is a new generation of nanomaterial－graphene. In the experiment, a series of tests are taking place firstly, such as SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, BET, Infrared spectrum, Raman spectrum and Laser particle size analysis. The results show that the graphene has excellent mechanical properties, optical performance, electrical properties and conductive properties. Especially super conducting properties of graphene. Then the basic principle of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, test methods and condition analysis are analyzed in this paper.

The focus of this paper is uncertainty modeling and controller designing of air-breathing hypersonic vehicle. First, the hypersonic vehicle longitudinal dynamics model is made on the base of the fitting of aerodynamic parameters. As to the uncertainty of model parameters, a linear model of the uncertain part is established and the LQR controller parameters are thereupon designed with state transition and a first-order Taylor series expansion method, based on feedback linearization of the system. The simulation results that the hypersonic flight control system stated in this paper can well realize the tracking of speed and trajectory angle input command under the situation of floating model parameters.

Thewave glideris composed of two parts: the float is roughly the size and shape of a surfboard that contains all the instrumentation needed for scientific experiments; the sub has wings and hangs 6 meters below on an umbilical tether. This difference allows wave energy to be harvested to produce forward thrust. According to the lake of design information and data for thewave glider, the main aim of the study is usingcomputational fluid dynamics (CFD)to present a method to predict calm water resistance for the floating part of thewave glider(the hull).Wigley parabolic hulland high speed round bilge form (NPL)have been investigated in order to estimate the hydrodynamic performances of the hull usingCFDsoftware fluent.Wave glideris designed with slender hull shapes in order to decrease the wave making resistance of the ship.In this paper a method is evaluated by comparing the numerical predictions forwigleyandNPLforms (2m) using the same mesh generation method under the same conditions to design the hull. Calculations fortotal calm water resistanceare carried out using three different mesh sizes for Froude numbers in the range of 0.10 to 0.40 and compared for accuracy of the solution parameters. The close agreement between the numerical predictions shows the importance ofCFDapplications in estimating the hydrodynamics performance to design the floating hull and the numerical method is useful in glider design. This means that the method discussed in this paper can be used for the resistance calculation of some hulls like the float of the glider.

Traffic flow video processing is an important direction of the development of intelligent transportation, Gaussian mixture background modeling is one of commonly algorithms to build background modeling that is widely used in image processing field. In order to analysis the algorithm comprehensively ,in this paper, it calculus on formula as well as tests and compares some traffic flow videos, the solution based on the K-means, EM parameters model are presented, it gets the mathematical meaning and evolution process of the algorithm clearly by calculating formulas to provide theoretical guidance for practical application; the traffic flow videos processing can get the treatment ability of this algorithm according to the different situation of videos, analyze the mixed Gauss background modeling for time migration, the light changing, moving object shadow processing ability. In this paper, the algorithm of mixed Gauss background modeling is analyzed from two aspects of theory and application.

The paper deals with multi-axis machining of complex shapes of freeform surfaces. Machining of such surfaces is very difficult and the critical operation is the optimal setting of tilt and lead angle which, along with other parameters, must ensure collision-free machining. This paper describes the possible dividing of solved freeform surface areas into partial elements with similar properties from CAD data using Matlab software instruments. The partition is solved by algorithms calculated according to the curvature of the surface using both methods the maximum and the Gaussian curvature. These partial elements can be machined separately which allows employment of tools with optimal dimensions for individual elements. This process enables significant reduction of tool-path necessary for machining these shapes which also leads to reduction of the working time. Furthermore, there are practical examples including a comparison of standard method and the use of machining process optimized by the algorithm in this article.

This paper proposes a reduction in the deficit of electricity in the energy system in Tajikistan, by optimizing the operating conditions of hydroelectric power plants of the power system. The paper reveals the application of the method of Lagrange multipliers for the solution of the optimum distribution of power between hydroelectricity power grids corresponding to the minimum water flow.

This paper presents a novel approach to detect unattended and removed objects from a single fixed camera video for surveillance applications. In this paper two backgrounds rather than any tracking information are employed to detect static foregrounds. Each of the backgrounds is modeled by three Gaussian mixtures. We make a subtraction between two foregrounds extracted by the background subtraction method to initially determine the static regions. Then the region-level density analysis and texture information are combined to remove false static foreground regions caused by illumination changes and objects that are in the static-moving transitions. Finally, classification of the unattended and removed is determined by a method that compares color histograms of the static foreground zone and its extended areas in current frame. Experimental results show that our method can work well in simple scenario as well as complex environments with an unsmooth background.

In the early design phase of automotive sector, the flow field around the vehicle is important in decision making on design changes. It would consume a lot of money and time for multiple prototypes development if adopt traditional testing method which is wind tunnel test. Thus, CFD Simulation plays an important role here. In this paper, a CFD simulation study was conducted on a simplified automotive model called Davis model with constant velocity of 40 m/s. Modification of rear slant angle bring significant effects on the wakes produced which also affect the drag performance. Many configurations of body designs can be produced by a single rear slant angle. So that, fixed rear slope and fixed rear height configuration have been chosen for investigations for various rear slant angles. In this paper, the flow of Davis model especially on the rear slanted surface is discussed. Pressure coefficient contour, pressure coefficient plot and vorticity structures are presented. This work shows that the drag coefficient value vary between fixed rear slope model and fixed rear height model even for the same rear slant angle under a range of yaw angle.

The phenomenon of stochastic resonance in a complex nonlinear system which is excited by both complex weak periodic signal and noise is investigated in this paper. The model of complex nonlinear system is given, and the effects of the input periodic signal amplitude and the noise intensity on the response amplitude of the system at the periodic signal frequency are discussed through numerical simulations. It is shown that the response amplitude of the system to the input periodic signal displays a non-monotonic dependence on the noise intensity, and the response peaks at a particular value of the noise intensity, which is known as stochastic resonance. The results in this paper propose a new way for controlling stochastic resonance in a complex nonlinear system.

This paper introduces the field programmable gate array (fpga) application in high-speed visual inspection system.ALTERA EP1K30QC208-2 are used in the system for system calculation and control of the core, to perform high-speed real-time visual detection algorithm, this paper adopts a yawning based on eye closure and to detect driver fatigue, the method of in YCr, Cb in the color space using gaussian model skin detection of human face area, in the face of a gray binarization figure using a priori knowledge of facial features geometry in rough positioning the human eye, eye contour are obtained by region growing and morphological operation and calculation of the closure of the eye;Best threshold detection lips when using lip color roughly locate the lips, on the basis of accurate positioning lips by face grey value characteristics, and then through the mouth level to determine whether a driver yawn;Based on the two characteristics of driving fatigue, experiments show that this system detection speed, excellent versatility, and can improve the detection accuracy.

This paper is concerned with a new model reduced method based on optimal large truncated low-dimensional dynamical system, by which the solution of linear partial differential equation (PDE) is able to be approximate with highly accuracy. The method proposed is based on the weighted residue of PDE under consideration, and the weighted residue is used as an alternative optimal control condition (POT-WR) while solving the PDE. A set of bases is constructed to describe a dynamical system required in case. The Lagrangian multiplier is introduced to eliminate the constraints of the Galerkin projection equation, and the penalty function is used to remove the orthogonal constraint. According to the extreme principle, a set of the ordinary differential equations is obtained by taking the variational operation on generalized optimal function. A conjugate gradients algorithm on FORTRAN code is developed to solve these ordinary differential equations with Fourier polynomials as the initial bases for iterations. The heat transfer equation under a potential initial condition is used to verify the method proposed. Good agreement between the simulations and the analytical solutions of example was obtained, indicating that the POT-WR method presented in this paper provides the most effective posterior way of capturing the dominant characteristics of an infinite-dimensional dynamical system with only finitely few bases.

This paper aims at the difficulty that lack of observation model and high-dimensional sampling in video tooning, proposes a method based on key frame matching and dual-directional Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling of video motion redirection. At first, after extracting the key frame of a given video, By affine transformation and linear superposition, the subject initializes the video’s space-time parameters and forms the observation model; Secondly, in each space-time, based on the bi-directional Markov property of each frame, This paper proposed a dual-directional Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling particle filter structure and takes full advantage of the relationship of the front and back frame of the parameters to estimate motion redirection parameters. At the same time, for high-dimensional sampling problem, the subject according to the directional parameters’ correlation implements classification of skeleton parameters-morphological parameters-physical parameters, proposes a hierarchical genetic strategy to optimize the output parameters and improves the efficiency of the algorithm. The research of this paper will produce an efficient and prominent animation expressive video motion redirection method and play an important role on video animation of the development.

With more and more researches about improving BP algorithm, there are more improvement methods. The paper researches two improvement algorithms based on quasi-Newton method, DFP algorithm and L-BFGS algorithm. After fully analyzing the features of quasi-Newton methods, the paper improves BP neural network algorithm. And the adjustment is made for the problems in the improvement process. The paper makes empirical analysis and proves the effectiveness of BP neural network algorithm based on quasi-Newton method. The improved algorithms are compared with the traditional BP algorithm, which indicates that the improved BP algorithm is better.

In the three-order polynomial phase signal, HAF can be used to reduce phase order to achieve the phase parameter estimation. The loss of signal to noise ratio in the order reduction processing is serious. In order to reduce the SNR loss, this paper uses CPF to reduce phase order. It requiers two one-dimensional searches to estimate the rate of acceleration and acceleration. The estimated motion parameters are used to compensate the target echo doppler and doppler spectrum expansion can be suppressed. This paper proposes a new maneuvering target detection algorithm with low non-linearity. The algorithm makes use of the cubic phase function (CPF) to estimate target motion parameters and reduce the number of phase order. Simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the adaptability to low signal noise ratio.

The traditional Otsu threshold algorithm is not a good method for processing the real images because of complex shape and unbalanced distribution. To solve this problem, the paper uses the thinking of Otsu’s method for reference, introduces a threshold segmentation algorithm based on histogram statistical property. In addition, the paper draws a comparison between the new algorithm and Otsu’s algorithm. Experimental results show that the new algorithm can get better segmentation effect than that of Otsu’s method when the gray-level distribution of the background follows normal distribution approximatively, and the target region is less than the background region.

This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. In this paper, the motion of the ball and beam system based on periodic input is studied, the chaos of the system is discussed , and the relationship of the chaos and the input parameters is analyzed . on the premise of avoiding chaos, the trajectory motion law of points with suitable oscillation parameters is studied in the poincare cross-sectional view. And the swing-up control law of ball and beam system is submitted, it consists of such three parts: increasing the range of swing , adjustment and maintain constant swing .Finally, the simulations result is given to verify the efficiency of control law.

With the aim to meet the requirements of multi-directional choice, the paper raise a new approach to the invariant feature extraction of handwritten Chinese characters, with ridgelet transform as its foundation. First of all, the original images will be rotated to the Radon circular shift by means of Radon transform. On the basis of the characteristic that Fourier transform is row shift invariant, then, the one-dimensional Fourier transform will be adopted in the Radon domain to gain the conclusion that magnitude matrixes bear the rotation-invariance as a typical feature, which is pretty beneficial to the invariant feature extraction of rotation. When such is done, one-dimensional wavelet transform will be carried out in the direction of rows, thus achieving perfect choice of frequency, which makes it possible to extract the features of sub-line in the appropriate frequencies. Finally, the average values, standard deviations and the energy values will form the feature vector which is extracted from the ridgelet sub-bands. The approaches mentioned in the paper could satisfy the requirements from the form automatic processing on the recognition of handwritten Chinese characters.

In the vehicle detection stage,in order to solve the problem of Gaussian Mixture Model having poor adapting capacity on the sudden changes of the illumination,this paper designs a illumination judgement factor.When the factor is greater than a certain threshold,this paper uses three frame difference method for target extraction,otherwise uses the Gaussian Mixture Model.In the vehicle tracking stage,the Kalman Filter is introduced to improve tarcking accuracy and tracking efficiency,at the same time,a tracking list is designed for single and multi objectives tracking.The results show that the method can adapte the sudden changes of the illumination and can achive a better effect of vehicle detection and tracking.

This paper describes the methodology and application of the very popular nonparametric test which is a rank based test named as Kruskal-Wallis. This test is useful as a general nonparametric test for comparing more than two independent samples. It can be used to test whether such samples come from the same distribution. This test is powerful alternative to the one-way analysis of variance. Nonparametric ANOVA has no assumption of normality of random error but the independence of random error is required. If the Kruskal-Wallis statistic is significant, the nonparametric multiple comparison tests are useful methods for further analysis. The statistical analysis of the application data in this paper was performed with software MATLAB.

Traditional power quality signal samples are based on the Nyquist sampling theory. Because of the existence of disturbance signal for the presence of power, it requires two times higher than the sampling frequency of the original signal, resulting in many problems, such as a high cost of hardware. Compressed sensing algorithm abandoned the characteristics of Shannon theorem, using a lower sampling frequency and the less amount of the signal to reconstruct the signal, with the method of a loss compression, which can effectively solve this problem. A team in Beijing University of Chemical Technology has done a deep research in this direction and proposed the total variation gradient reduction algorithm, which has good effects on reduction. But the algorithm runs slower and needs higher sample volumes of signal. Therefore, this paper presents a modified algorithm based on Nesta algorithm to reduce the amount of data sampled of power quality signal, the complexity of the algorithm to improve the algorithm’s speed. The modified algorithm has a very important value in practical applications. This paper has carried out simulations in matlab, the results of the simulation show that this method is accurate and applied.

Based on a 3-DOF parallel mechanism, this paper establishes the dynamic model by Lagrange method, and gets 3 calculation curves of the input driving generalized forces by theoretical calculations (MATLAB) and simulation (ADAMS). After analyzing the results of calculation and simulation, it verifies the correctness of dynamic model and its good dynamic performance. At last, it shows that the input driving parameters have a great influence on the driving generalized force. This paper lays a foundation for driving force design and stiffness analysis of the 3-DOF working platform physical prototype.

Spatial distorted target is very hard to be recognized for complexity and variety of targets, which has restricted the development of pattern recognition technology to a great extent. Joint transform correlator is one of the key equipments to detect and recognize distorted targets. The appearance and development of maximum average correlation height (MACH) algorithm is introduced in this paper. Based on the principle the algorithm and experimental analysis, an improved maximum average correlation height algorithm fit for joint transform correlator is proposed, which has powerful capability of suppressing background noise and widening distortion tolerance. Target images with different shapes including scale or angular distortion constitute MACH filter in frequency domain, which is projected to space domain as reference template including varieties of attitude. To show the feasibility of the algorithm, an airplane with angular distortion in sky is processed by MACH filter as an example. Simulation and optical experimental results are given in this paper. The experiments show the angular distortion tolerance can reach up to 15 degrees. The actual effect of the improved MACH filter algorithm is confirmed very well.

In this paper the probabilistic approach to mobile robot localization is discussed. Generally probabilistic localization uses some type of sensors model. In this paper Gaussian model, which is the most appropriate probabilistic model of the sensors, is used. The main body of the article deal with the proposal of own approach to probabilistic localization, which is inspired by Markov localization. That is why the Markov localization is described in the introduction of the article. At the end of the article several experiments with the real robot are described. Results of the experiments have proven that proposed localization is accurate, fast and reliable.

Many electrical engineers would agree that, had it not been for the improvement of von Neumann machines, the improvement of write-ahead logging might never have occurred. In this paper, we prove the simulation of virtual machines, which embodies the significant principles of theory. In this position paper we present a multimodal tool for deploying the Internet (Graff), which we use to prove that thin clients can be made metamorphic, certifiable, and "smart".

Nowadays with the blooming development of new media and cultural creative industries, the video animation has drawn so many researchers’ attention due to animation production efficiency and animation expression. This paper aims at the difficulty that lack of observation model, proposes a method of video time-space body filtering based on dual-directional Markov chain Monte Carlo particle filter for video motion redirection. At first, after extracting the key frame of a given video, by affine transformation and linear superposition, the subject initializes the video’s time-space parameters and forms the observation model; Secondly, in each time-space body, based on the bi-directional Markov property of each frame, this paper proposed a dual-directional Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling particle filter structure and takes full advantage of the relationship of the front and back frame of the parameters to estimate motion redirection parameters. The research of this paper will produce an efficient and prominent animation expressive video motion redirection method and play an important role on video animation of the development.