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The non-Newtonian fluid model reflects the behavior of the fluid flow in global manufacturing progress and increases product performance. Therefore, the present work strives to analyze the unsteady Maxwell hybrid nanofluid toward a stretching/shrinking surface with thermal radiation effect and heat transfer. The partial derivatives of the multivariable differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations in a specified form by applying appropriate transformations. The resulting mathematical model is clarified by utilizing the bvp4c technique. Different control parameters are investigated to see how they affect the outcomes. The results reveal that the skin friction coefficient increases by adding nanoparticles and suction parameters. The inclusion of the Maxwell parameter and thermal radiation effect both show a declining tendency in the local Nusselt number, and as a result, the thermal flow efficacy is reduced. The reduction of the unsteadiness characteristic, on the other hand, considerably promotes the improvement of heat transfer performance. The existence of more than one solution is proven, and this invariably leads to an analysis of solution stability, which validates the first solution viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the couple-stress theory, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact is analyzed with a consideration of the size effect. The lubricant between the contact surface of a homogeneous coated half-plane and a rigid punch is supposed to be the non-Newtonian fluid. The density and viscosity of the lubricant are dependent on fluid pressure. Distributions of film thickness, in-plane stress, and fluid pressure are calculated by solving the nonlinear fluid-solid coupled equations with an iterative method. The effects of the punch radius, size parameter, coating thickness, slide/roll ratio, entraining velocity, resultant normal load, and stiffness ratio on lubricant film thickness, in-plane stress, and fluid pressure are investigated. The results demonstrate that fluid pressure and film thickness are obviously dependent on the size parameter, stiffness ratio, and coating thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid with swimming oxytactic microorganisms through a space between two infinite coaxial conduits is investigated. A variable magnetic field is applied on the flow. The bioconvection flow and heat transfer in the porous annulus are formulated, and appropriate transformations are used, leading to the non-dimensionalized ruling partial differential equation model. The model is then solved by using the homotopy perturbation scheme. The effects of the germane parameters on the velocity profile, temperature distribution, concentration distribution, motile microorganism profile, oxytactic profile, pressure rise, and outer and inner tube friction forces for the blood clot and endoscopic effects are analyzed and presented graphically. It is noticed that the pressure rise and friction forces attain smaller values for the en-doscopic model than for the blood clot model. The present analysis is believed to aid applications constituting hemodynamic structures playing indispensable roles inside the human body since some blood clotting disorders, E.g., haemophilia, occur when some blood constituents on the artery wall get confined away from the wall joining the circulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-Newtonian effect in the boundary layer flow over a horizontal elliptical cylinder is investigated numerically. A modified power-law viscosity model is used to correlate the non-Newtonian characteristics of the fluid flow. For natural convection flows, the surface of the cylinder is maintained by the uniform surface temperature (UST) or the uniform heat flux (UHF) condition. The governing equations corresponding to the flow are first transformed into a dimensionless non-similar form using suitable transformations. The resulting equations are solved numerically by an efficient finite difference scheme. The numerical results are presented for the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number with the eccentric angle for different values of the power-law index n. The local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are found to be higher and lower, respectively, for the shear thickening fluids (n > 1) than the other fluids (n ⩽ 1). The effects of different elliptical configurations on the average Nusselt number are also presented and discussed for both conditions of the surface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Jeffery-Hamel (J-H) flow model of the non-Newtonian fluid type inside a convergent wedge (inclined walls) with a wall friction is derived by a nonlinear ordinary differential equation with appropriate boundary conditions based on similarity relationships. Unlike the usual power law model, this paper develops nonlinear viscosity based only on a tangential coordinate function due to the radial geometry shape. Two kinds of solutions are developed, i.e., analytical and semi-analytical (numerical) solutions with suitable assumptions. As a result of the parametric examination, it has been found that the Newtonian normalized velocity gradually decreases with the tangential direction progress. Also, an increase in the friction coefficient leads to a decrease in the normalized Newtonian velocity profile values. However, an increase in the Reynolds number causes an increase in the normalized velocity function values. Additionally, for the small values of wedge semi-angle, the present solutions are in good agreement with the previous results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical study of a non-linear rheological fluid transport in an axisymmetric tube by cilia. An attempt has been made to explain the role of cilia motion in the transport of fluid through the ductus efferent of the male reproductive tract. The Ostwald-de Waele power-law viscous fluid is considered to represent the rheological fluid. We analyze pumping by means of a sequence of cilia beats from row-to-row of cilia in a given row of cells and from one row of cells to the next (metachronal wave movement). For this purpose, we consider the conditions that the corresponding Reynolds number is small enough for inertial effects to be negligible, and the wavelength-to-diameter ratio is large enough so that the pressure can be considered uniform over the cross section. Analyses and computations of the fluid motion reveal that the time-average flow rate depends on ϵ, a non-dimensional measure involving the mean radius a of the tube and the cilia length. Thus, the flow rate significantly varies with the cilia length. Moreover, the flow rate has been reported to be close to the estimated value 6×10 ml/h for human efferent ducts if ϵ is near 0.4. The estimated value was suggested by Lardner and Shack (Lardner, T. J. and Shack, W. J. Cilia transport. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 34, 325-335 (1972)) for human based on the experimental observations of flow rates in efferent ducts of other animals, e.g., rat, ram, and bull. In addition, the nature of the rheological fluid, i.e., the value of the fluid index n strongly influences various flow-governed characteristics. An interesting feature of this paper is that the pumping improves the thickening behavior for small values of ϵ or in free pumping (Δ P = 0) and pumping (Δ P > 0) regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of internal heating source on the film momentum and thermal transport characteristic of thin finite power-law liquids over an accelerating unsteady horizontal stretched interface is studied. Unlike most classical works in this field, a general surface temperature distribution of the liquid film and the generalized Fourier's law for varying thermal conductivity are taken into consideration. Appropriate similarity transformations are used to convert the strongly nonlinear governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into a boundary value problem with a group of two-point ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The correspondence between the liquid film thickness and the unsteadiness parameter is derived with the BVP4C program in MATLAB. Numerical solutions to the self-similarity ODEs are obtained using the shooting technique combined with a Runge-Kutta iteration program and Newton's scheme. The effects of the involved physical parameters on the fluid's horizontal velocity and temperature distribution are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sufficient conditions are found for the existence of similar solutions of the mixed convection flow of a Powell-Eyring fluid over a nonlinear stretching permeable surface in the presence of magnetic field. To achieve this, one parameter linear group transformation is applied. The governing momentum and energy equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by use of a similarity transformation. These equations are solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to obtain the approximate solutions. The effects of magnetic field, suction, and buoyancy on the Powell-Eyring fluid flow with heat transfer inside the boundary layer are analyzed. The effects of the non-Newtonian fluid (Powell-Eyring model) parameters ɛ and δ on the skin friction and local heat transfer coefficients for the cases of aiding and opposite flows are investigated and discussed. It is observed that the momentum boundary layer thickness increases and the thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with the increase in ɛ whereas the momentum boundary layer thickness decreases and thermal boundary layer thickness increases with the increase in δ for both the aiding and opposing mixed convection flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors study the long time behavior of solutions to stochastic non-Newtonian fluids in a two-dimensional bounded domain, and prove the existence of H-regularity random attractor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid mechanical peristaltic transport through esophagus is studied in the paper. A mathematical model has been developed to study the peristaltic transport of a rheological fluid for arbitrary wave shapes and tube lengths. The Ostwald-de Waele power law of a viscous fluid is considered here to depict the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid. The model is formulated and analyzed specifically to explore some important information concerning the movement of food bolus through esophagus. The analysis is carried out by using the lubrication theory. The study is particularly suitable for the cases where the Reynolds number is small. The esophagus is treated as a circular tube through which the transport of food bolus takes place by periodic contraction of the esophageal wall. Variation of different variables concerned with the transport phenomena such as pressure, flow velocities, particle trajectory, and reflux is investigated for a single wave as well as a train of periodic peristaltic waves. The locally variable pressure is seen to be highly sensitive to the flow index ' n'. The study clearly shows that continuous fluid transport for Newtonian/rheological fluids by wave train propagation is more effective than widely spaced single wave propagation in the case of peristaltic movement of food bolus in the esophagus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical analysis of the free convection coupled heat and mass transfer is presented for non-Newtonian power-law fluids with the yield stress flowing over a two-dimensional or axisymmetric body of an arbitrary shape in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The governing boundary layer equations and boundary conditions are cast into a dimensionless form by the similarity transformation. The resulting system of equations is solved by a finite difference method. The parameters studied are the rheological constants, the buoyancy ratio, and the Lewis number. Representative velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are presented and discussed. It is found that the results depend strongly on the values of the yield stress parameter and the power-law index of the non-Newtonian fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-dimensional non-Newtonian steady flow on a power-law stretched surface with suction or injection is studied. Thermal conductivity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. The transformed governing equations in the present study are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta method. Through a comparison, results for a special case of the problem show excellent agreement with those in a previous work. Two cases are considered, one corresponding to a cooled surface temperature and the other to a uniform surface temperature. Numerical results show that the thermal conductivity variation parameter, the injection parameter, and the power-law index have significant influences on the temperature profiles and the Nusselt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of chemical reaction on free convection heat and mass transfer for a non-Newtonian power law fluid over a vertical flat plate embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium has been studied in the presence of the yield stress and the Soret effect. The governing boundary layer equations and boundary conditions are cast into a dimensionless form by similarity transformations, and the resulting system of equations is solved by a finite difference method. The results are presented and discussed for concentration profiles, as well as the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number for various values of the parameters, which govern the problem. The results obtained show that the flow field is influenced appreciably by the presence of the chemical reaction parameter γ, the order of the chemical reaction parameter m, the Soret number Sr, the buoyancy ratio N, the Lewis number Le, and the dimensionless rheological parameter Ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A differential constraint method is used to obtain analytical solutions of a second-grade fluid flow. By using the first-order differential constraint condition, exact solutions of Poiseuille flows, jet flows and Couette flows subjected to suction or blowing forces, and planar elongational flows are derived. In addition, two new classes of exact solutions for a second-grade fluid flow are found. The obtained exact solutions show that the non-Newtonian second-grade flow behavior depends not only on the material viscosity but also on the material elasticity. Finally, some boundary value problems are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different non-Newtonian models for blood flow are considered, first a simple power law model displaying shear thinning viscosity, and second a generalized Maxwell model displaying both shear thinning viscosity and oscillating flow viscous-elasticity. These models are used along with a Newtonian model to study sinusoidal flow of blood in rigid and elastic straight arteries in the presence of magnetic field. The elasticity of blood does not appear to influence its flow behavior under physiological conditions in the large arteries, purely viscous shear thinning model should be quite realistic for simulating blood flow under these conditions. On using the power law model with high shear rate for sinusoidal flow simulation in elastic arteries, the mean and amplitude of the flow rate were found to be lower for a power law fluid compared to Newtonian fluid for the same pressure gradient. The governing equations have been solved by Crank-Niclson scheme. The results are interpreted in the context of blood in the elastic arteries keeping the magnetic effects in view. For physiological flow simulation in the aorta, an increase in mean wall shear stress, but a reduction in peak wall shear stress were observed for power law model compared to a Newtonian fluid model for matched flow rate wave form. Blood flow in the presence of transverse magnetic field in an elastic artery is investigated and the influence of factors such as morphology and surface irregularity is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of the computational symbolic calculation, mathematical approach and physico-mechanical model leads to a computational intellectual analytical approach developed by the author. There is a principal difference between the computer proof and the computer derivation completed by the computer, also difference between the numerical and symbolic calculations. In this investigation the computational analytical approach is extended, and an unsteady flow of non-Newtonian fluid in the gap between two rotating coaxial cylinders is studied. The Oldroyd fluid B model is used by which the Weissenberg effects are explained in a good comparison with the experiments. The governing equations are reduced to a partial differential equation of 3 rd order for the dimensionless velocity. Using the computer software Macsyma and an improved variational approach the problem with the intial and boundary conditions is then reduced to a problem of an ordinary differential equation for different approximations. The analytical solutions are given for the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd approximations. The present investigation shows the ability of the computational symbolic manipulation in solving the problems of non-Newtonian fluid flows. There is a possibility of that to solve the problems in mathematics and mechanics. An important conclusion can be drawn from the results that the transition from a steady state to another steady state is non-unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the principle of maximum power losses for the incompressible viscous fluid proposed by professor Chien Weizang in reference [1] is further extended to the hydrodynamic problem of the non-Newtonian fluid with constitutive law expressed% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuqr1ngBPrgarmWu51MyVXgatC% vAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaeHbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharyavP1wz% ZbItLDhis9wBH5garqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbb% L8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpe% pae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaam% aaeaqbaaGcbaGaeqyTdu2aaSbaaSqaaeHbhv2BYDwAHbacgiGaa83-% aaqabaGccqGH9aqpcqGHciITcqaHepaDcqGGVaWlcqGHciITcuaHdp% WCgaqbamaaBaaaleaacaWF-daabeaaaaa!4B05!\[\varepsilon _\"y = \partial \tau /\partial \sigma '_\"y \]. The constraint conditions of variation are eliminated by the method of identified Lagrangian multiplier and a generalized variational principle is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]