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Abstract: In this paper, a study is carried out to evaluate the annual thermal and exergy performance of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) and earth air heat exchanger (EAHE) system, integrated with a greenhouse, located at IIT Delhi, India, for different climatic conditions of Srinagar, Mumbai, Jodhpur, New Delhi and Bangalore. A comparison is made of various energy metrics, such as energy payback time (EPBT), electricity production factor (EPF) and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of the system by considering four weather conditions (a–d type) for five climatic zones. The embodied energy and annual energy outputs have been used for evaluation of the energy metrics. The annual overall thermal energy, annual electrical energy savings and annual exergy was found to be best for the climatic condition of Jodhpur at 29,156.8kWh, 1185kWh and 1366.4kWh, respectively when compared with other weather stations covered in the study, due to higher solar intensity I and sunshine hours, and is lowest for Srinagar station. The results also showed that energy payback time for Jodhpur station is lowest at 16.7years and highest for Srinagar station at 21.6years. Electricity production factor (EPF) is highest for Jodhpur, i.e. 2.04 and Life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) is highest for Srinagar station. It is also observed that LCCE increases with increase in life cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper describes the fabrication, experimentation and simulation stages of converting a 165l domestic electric refrigerator to a solar powered one. A conventional domestic refrigerator was chosen for this purpose and was redesigned by adding battery bank, inverter and transformer, and powered by solar photovoltaic (SPV) panels. Various performance tests were carried out to study the performance of the system. The coefficient of performance (COP) was observed to decrease with time from morning to afternoon and a maximum COP of 2.102 was observed at 7 AM. Simulations regarding economic feasibility of the system for the climatic conditions of Jaipur city (India) were also carried out using RETScreen 4. It was observed that the system can only be economically viable with carbon trading option taken into account, and an initial subsidy or a reduction in the component costs – mainly SPV panels and battery bank. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, energy metrics (energy pay back time, electricity production factor and life cycle conversion efficiency) of hybrid photovoltaic (PV) modules have been analyzed and presented for the composite climate of New Delhi, India. For this purpose, it is necessary to calculate (1) the energy consumption in making different components of the PV modules and (2) the annual energy (electrical and thermal) available from the hybrid-PV modules. A set of mathematical relations have been reformulated for computation of the energy metrics. The manufacturing energy, material production energy, energy use and distribution energy of the system have been taken into account, to determine the embodied energy for the hybrid-PV modules. The embodied energy and annual energy outputs have been used for evaluation of the energy metrics. For hybrid PV module, it has been observed that the EPBT gets significantly reduced by taking into account the increase in annual energy availability of the thermal energy in addition to the electrical energy. The values of EPF and LCCE of hybrid PV module become higher as expected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]