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Developing a one-pot method for tandem hydrogenolysis–hydrogenation of biomass-derived furan-based alcohols to methyltetrahydrofurans is challenging but crucial for synthesizing sustainable biofuels and chemicals. Herein, we report the efficient hydrogenolysis–hydrogenation of furan alcohol to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using a phosphate-supported synergistic palladium single atom and nanoparticle at an ambient temperature. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that in situ H 2 heterolysis at the palladium single atom–AlPO 4 interface generates frustrated Lewis H+–H− pairs, which selectively cleaves the C–OH bond in furan alcohol to form 2-methylfuran, and H atoms on the palladium nanoparticle surface promotes the subsequent C C hydrogenation of 2-methylfuran to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Additionally, the catalyst shows generality for various furan and heterocyclic alcohols. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits excellent activity in the hydrogenation–hydrogenolysis–hydrogenation of furan aldehydes to methyltetrahydrofurans. The results provide a highly efficient reaction for synthesizing methyltetrahydrofurans at ambient temperature, which has excellent potential for industrial applications. [Display omitted] • Phosphate-supported synergistic palladium single atom and nanoparticle was fabricated. • Methyltetrahydrofurans was selectively obtained from tandem hydrogenolysis–hydrogenation of furan alcohols. • In situ H 2 heterolysis-generated H−–Pd–P–O-H+ site over palladium single atom provides the C–OH hydrogenolysis site. • Palladium nanoparticle promotes the subsequent C C hydrogenation. • The catalyst shows generality for various furan and heterocyclic alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]