1. Gallium and tin exchanged Y zeolites for glucose isomerisation and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural production.
- Author
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Oozeerally, Ryan, Pillier, John, Kilic, Emre, Thompson, Paul B.J., Walker, Marc, Griffith, Benjamin E., Hanna, John V., and Degirmenci, Volkan
- Subjects
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FURFURAL , *ZEOLITE Y , *GALLIUM , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy , *ZEOLITES , *ISOMERIZATION , *FRUCTOSE - Abstract
• Gallium and Tin can be doped in zeolite Y framework successfully. • Ga has similar activity to Sn in the reaction of glucose conversion to HMF. • Ga zeolite Y catalyst can be recycled and regenerated in DMSO. • Ga-Y zeolite gives fructose yield of 5% at 17 % glucose conversion and Sn-Y zeolite gives 17 % yield at 36 % conversion. This study demonstrates the use of gallium and tin modified Y zeolites as catalysts for the conversion of glucose into fructose, mannose and 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural. These catalysts can be synthesised via a simple and scalable procedure that uses commercially available Y zeolite. The catalysts were characterised by various techniques including elemental analysis, electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. It is found that tin containing Y zeolite generate a glucose conversion of 36 % and total product yield of 17 % in water. Meanwhile, gallium containing Y zeolite shows an HMF yield of 33 % when reactions were conducted in DMSO. The recyclability of tin and gallium containing Y zeolites were studied in DMSO and the activities of both materials were shown to remain stable. Furthermore, the spent catalysts can be regenerated via calcination in air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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