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The present paper is a continuation of the earlier paper Nyambuya (2007b) and the reader is advised to have both this paper and the present as they constitute a single unit paper. The paper was split into two for reasons of space and hence thus this paper starts off from section 10 and Nyambuya (2007b) ends with section 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I propose a Unified Field Theory of the Gravitational, Electromagnetic, Weak & the Strong force. A new force that obeys SU(4) symmetry emerges and this new force constitutes the testable prediction of the theory. The theory rests on a new spacetime geometry with tensorial affine connections and this geometry is a fussion of Reimann and Hilbert spacetimes thus making it possible to bring quantum and classical physics and the task of doing this is left for Paper II. Further work to put the theory on a strong footing will be presented in Papers II, III, IV and VI and other works that may emerge from these investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds upon an earlier paper [1] that re-derived the formulas for the physical Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction and the Lorentz mass increase based on speed relative to the Fresnel dragged reference frame and on the isotropic speed of light in that reference frame. The acceptance of a real physical contraction and mass increase means that the density of a body, and therefore its refractive index and Fresnel drag, will also increase. It is shown that based upon this reasoning, the speed achievable for a sizeable mass (i.e. as opposed to an isolated sub-atomic particle) and a desired mass increase is further beyond the speed of light than specified in the earlier paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In several recent papers we showed that choosing new sets of postulates, including classical (pre-Einstein) physics laws, within the main body of Einstein's special relativity theory (SRT) and applying the relativity principle, enables us to cancel the Lorentz transformation from the main body of SRT. In the present paper, and by following the same approach, we derive Einstein's equation E = mc² from classical physical laws such as the Lorentz force law and Newton's second law. Einstein's equation is obtained without the usual approaches of thought experiment, conservation laws, considering collisions and also without the usual postulates of special relativity. In this paper we also identify a fundamental conceptual flaw that has persisted for the past 100 years. The flaw is interpreting the formula E = mc² as the equivalence between inertial mass and any type of energy and in all contexts. It is shown in several recent papers that this is incorrect, that this is a misinterpretation. What Einstein considered to be a central consequence of special relativity is in fact derivable from (pre- Einstein) classical considerations. E = mc² becomes secondary, not fundamental, and whilst no doubt useful in certain circumstances, need not be valid in all generality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study a mathematical model for atmospheric circulation. If the wind directions of the atmosphere were averaged over large sections of the Earth's surface, a circulation pattern evolves -- developed by the heating of the sun and also due to the Earth's rotation. To describe this complex weather system more than 105 variables would be involved. We propose a low order model based on a system proposed by Lorenz [4], which models a modified Hadley circulation. (This model will be referred to as the Lorenz-84 Model.) The model involves three dependent variables : x representing the poleward temperature gradient, y and z representing the cosine and sine phases of a sequence of eddies which are large-scale and superposed and t, the independent variable representing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model of inertial induction [1-4] proposed by the author has been able to demonstrate the exact equivalence of inertial and gravitational masses, and also reveal the existence of a very small cosmic drag on objects moving with uniform speed in the quasistatic universe, resulting in the observed cosmological redshift. When the model is applied to solar system dynamics, a number of interesting results are obtained. In this paper the model has been used to estimate its effect on the advance of Mercury's perihelion. The unaccounted 43" per century is explained by general relativity with the stipulation that the sun is spherically symmetric, as the oblateness of the sun will also produce an advance. Such a strict condition makes many researchers uncomfortable as the sun is a spinning body, and it is expected to possess oblateness, like planets. The magnitude of J2 due to solar oblateness suggested by researchers, varies from 1.25 x 10-7 to 7.96 x 10-5. It is shown that inertial induction produces about -7.16" of perihelion advance per century. This is an interesting result suggesting that solar oblateness effect can be accommodated without any conflict with the GR prediction. J2 can be up to 2.79 x 10-5. However, the possibility exists that a major part of the excess advance of the perihelion could be generated by the sun's oblateness. A very accurate direct detection of oblateness is doubtful based on photosphere observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Vacuum Lattice (VL) model based on the lattice theory of elementary particles (Koshmieder, 2011) is used to generalise the Maxwell and Gravitoelectromagnetic (GEM) field equations so they incorporate longitudinal electroscalar and gravity wave propagation. The model not only predicts the electroscalar energy flux observed by Monstein and Wesley (2002), it also provides simple mechanistic explanations of electron-positron annihilation, the Planck and Compton relationships, the vacuum permittivity and permeability, and the Cosmic Microwave Background. In addition a mechanistic explanation of "space-time" distortions in general relativity is presented. The paper ends with a discussion of several options for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a physical theory where, in symmetry to the conventional physics, dark matter and energy become not only observable, but also interacting. The predictions and conclusions resulting from this theory are in agreement with observations, including the most recent findings. Among the features that are explained by the theory are: the nature of the dark matter and energy; why dark matter and energy are unobservable (to humans), why the dark energy is not the constant vacuum energy; how singularities in the black holes and big-bang are circumvented; what mechanisms could have produced the big bang and powered its inflationary expansion; how dark matter and energy evolved concurrently with the observable matter and energy in the big bang; how the totality of matter and energy became skewed toward the dark side (96 %) against the observable side (4 %); how the matter- antimatter asymmetry of the observable Universe has come about; how the seeds of the massive black holes and galaxies were formed primarily in the big-bang; how the energy conservation law in the Universe is achieved; how the Universe's expansion speed switched from deceleration to acceleration around the Universe's age of 8.5 billion years; and the source of the powerful energy bubbles observed in the Milky Way Galaxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulated by a paper by Mirosław Zabierowski (Apeiron 17 (2010) 173-182), the axiomatic status of the notions 'state conservation' and 'change of state' in various representations of classical mechanics is considered. There are common principles of state change in non-relativistic classical and quantum mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unjustified criticism of my paper 'Precursors of force felds in Newton's 'Principia' (Apeiron 17, 22, 2010) is refuted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the capability of the Rank M-Type Radial Basis Function (RMRBF) neural network in the classification of Pap smear microscopic images. From simulation results we observe that the RMRBF neural network has better classification capabilities in comparison with other RBF based algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes the Electromagnetic Compatibility for Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cables, recognizes crosstalk levels and relates a method that could be executed in the laboratory to find out the measurement of electromagnetic coupling. The mathematical model is coherent with the experimental results up to the break frequency, which is equivalent to one quarter of the wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relativistic phenomenon of time dilation has been verified in countless experiments. This short paper examines this phenomenon from an engineering point of view; specifically, from the viewpoint of modern electronic communications. It is shown that Einstein's "grandiose view" about the nature of time has unnecessarily overshadowed what is in reality a very simple engineering problem. Accordingly, the dangerous path of thinking that physics has taken for the past 100 years -including such flawed ideas as the effect of travel on aging- will have to be reconsidered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypothesis on a minimal scale existence in the Universe leads to noncommutative geometry of Spacetime and thence to a modification of the Special Relativity constraint. Sidharth has deduced that this is equivalent to the Lorentz symmetry violation. This latter consideration was also used by Glashow, Coleman and other scholars though based on purely phenomenological models that have been suggested by the observation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and Gamma Bursts. On the other hand a parallel development has been the proposal of a small but nonzero photon mass m γ 0 by some authors including Sidharth, such a mass being within experimentally allowable limits. This too leads to a small violation of the Lorentz symmetry observable in principle in very high energy gamma rays, as in fact is claimed. In this paper we study the Snyder{Sidharth Hamiltonian and briefly comment the Dirac-Sidharth Hamiltonian, that is a possible explanation for observable violation of the Lorentz symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently the experimental group of A. Aspect published a very interesting experimental realization of the well known Wheeler's delayed-choice Gedanken Experiment. In the paper the authors refer to the usual, non causal linear explanation of the experiment. In the present work we show how it is possible, and furthermore desirable, to explain the same experiment in terms of the modern local causal and nonlinear quantum theory, inspired in the work of the great physicist Louis de Broglie. In this way we are able to get rid of the mysteries and of the weird features of the orthodox interpretation, like retractions in time, and therefore recover causality and rationality once more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is shown a circuit-theory approach for the integral equation for thin wire antennas, from which Pocklington's equation can be deduced as a special case. In this way, when solving it via method of moments, impedance, current and voltage matrix acquire meaning [1]. It is shown that a thin wire can be considered as an infinite-port electric network, in which the goal consists in finding out the current in each port. The following approach is based on Aharoni's theory [2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we show how relativistic tensor dynamics and relativistic electrodynamics can be formulated in a bi-quaternion tensor language. The treatment is restricted to mathematical physics, known facts as the Lorentz Force Law and the Lagrange Equation are presented in a relatively new formalism. The goal is to fuse anti-symmetric tensor dynamics, as used for example in relativistic electro-dynamics, and symmetric tensor dynamics, as used for ex- ample in introductions to general relativity, into one single formalism: a specific kind of biquaternion tensor calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates special relativity theory (SRT) from the point of view of energy transformation. Transformation of energy conceived as transformation of work reveals contradiction within SRT. The analysis of four-momentum discloses the incorrect interpretation of its temporal component. A coherent model of energy transformation requires replacing the relativity principle by the postulate of a privileged system. This, in turn, entails the replacement of Lorentz transformation by 'inertial transformation' that forms a basis for the newly proposed privileged system theory (PST). Eventually, the general energy formula appears different from the one representing Einstein's theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has recently been shown [1] that in Dirac's hole theory the vacuum state is not the minimum energy state but that there exist quantum states with less energy than that of the vacuum state. In this paper we extend this discussion to quantum field theory (QFT) in the Heisenberg picture and consider the question of whether or not the vacuum in QFT is the state of minimum energy. It will be shown that for a "simple" field theory, consisting of a quantized fermion field interacting with a classical electric field in 1-1D space-time, there exist quantum states with less energy than that of the vacuum state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professor Herbert Dingle was a long-time critic of the special theory of relativity, who believed for many years that the theory was self-contradictory. Although he was unsuccessful in persuading the scientific world of the inconsistency of the theory, his questions and arguments were not satisfactorily answered during his life. Now, thirty years after his death, the subject is of historical interest. This paper examines two main problems that have contributed to the confusion that still surrounds this issue. The first problem is the fact that some scientists answered Dingle's Question, which is explicitly about the special theory, by invoking the general theory. It is argued that, if there is a valid answer to Dingle's Question, it would have been valid if the same question had been asked in 1905 before the general theory appeared. The second problem is that many scientists have claimed that Dingle's thesis has been refuted by experiment, although experimental results cannot disprove the existence of an internal contradiction. An answer to Dingle's Question is still wanting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antenna designers are constantly challenged with the temptation to search for optimum solutions for the design of complex electromagnetic devices. The ability of using numerical methods to accurately and efficiently characterizing the relative quality of a particular design has excited the Antenna designers are constantly challenged with the temptation to search for optimum solutions for the design of complex electromagnetic devices. The ability of using numerical methods to accurately and efficiently characterizing the relative quality of a particular design has excited the engineers to apply stochastic global evolutionary optimizers (EO) for this objective. EO techniques have been applied with growing applications to the design of complex electromagnetic systems. Among various EO techniques, Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have attracted considerable attention and shown superior performance. These schemes are finding popularity in electromagnetics as design tools and problem solvers because of their flexibility, versatility and ability to optimize in complex multimodal search spaces. This paper discusses the design optimization of antenna arrays with special emphasis on evolutionary optimization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a semi-classical structural model for electrons, protons, and their antiparticles. The structure is based on refractive interaction of an electromagnetic saddle wave on an elliptic ring path. These elliptical ring particles show a net attractive centripetal force maintaining the closed path, equal but opposite charges in pair production, and spin h / 2 π (with one caveat). A deviation from Coulomb's Law similar in effect to a short-range attractive force is inherent to a ring's electromagnetic field at small distances. The calculated electron magnetic moment anomaly is approximately 0.0055%, about 21 times better fit than the Bohr magneton provides. About 97% of the remaining anomaly could be due to a missing component in the CODATA experimental value. The proton magnetic moment anomaly is only about 0.07% between theory and experiment. Calculated proton rms radius differs significantly from 2002 CODATA Rp, but the author identifies one possible systematic assumption in the analysis of electron scattering data that would account for the entire difference. Hypothesized anomalous dispersion limits the number of stable particle pairs to two (electron-positron and proton-antiproton), determines their masses, assists in determining refractive indices and phase velocity, and provides additional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction of retardation of an astronaut's clock during a round trip, compared to the clock of the stay-at-home, introduced by Einstein in his 1905 paper has been the most contentious issue for relativity. This resulted in a raging controversy in journals in the mid to late 1950s. There was no discussion about the physical nature of clocks. Some current writers still claim that it is necessary to use general relativity. We will show that this is not correct. Special relativity makes correct predictions in accord with experimental data. Here we examine this question using the physical behaviour of moving light clocks and gain insight into the returning astronaut experiment and a deeper understanding of the nature of space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J. Guala-Valverde and his colleagues have carried out a series of experiments on unipolar induction, and they present arguments to show that their results are compatible with the predictions of Weber's theory of electrodynamics, while they contradict the predictions of Maxwellian theory. The present paper argues that their results are compatible with either theory, and that the experiments do not provide a means of deciding between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of common fallacies regarding various theories of relativity and methods of falsification thereof are considered in this paper. A "weak" principle of relativity implicitly applied in theories of relativity based on preferred reference frame has been formulated. Fallaciousness of the commonly accepted views on the relativistic effect of the phase shift in slow clock transport as well as of the resulting theories of experimental verification of the special theory of relativity (STR) is demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that there is at least one type of clock which produces the same time reading in both STR and in preferred reference frame theories of relativity. It is also shown that Marinov's "coupled shutters experiment" involves a unique technique that allows detection of the relativistic effect of the torsion of rotating bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reply by Sands & Dunning-Davies [3] to my paper [1] is acknowledged concerning the distribution functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper written by H. Montgomery which exhibits a curious mix between local action models and non local prospects. Montgomery makes use of the Amperian surface currents when dealing with motor configuration. He recognizes force cancellation between the probe and the rims of the singularity. He offers a similar sketch when dealing with the generator configuration. The main goal was to elucidate on the relative-absolute motion conundrum in the field of motional electrodynamics.