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In this paper, I interrogate the images of childhood in the model of respectful parenting from a sociological perspective. I am interested in problematizing the notion of agency in articulation with the new social studies of childhood. To this end, I describe the main characteristics that define respectful parenting from the perspective of its followers, and I focus on the example of complementary feeding where I delve into how it produces a view of babies which enhances their agency when it comes to managing the feeding process. This paper is based on previously conducted qualitative ethnographic research about the experiences of middle-class mothers who follow this style of parenting in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the cultural identity expressed by The XII Travelers Memorial of the Southwest in El Paso, Texas, USA. According to the monument's statement, the memorial is an ongoing regional project formed by "... 12 heroic bronze monuments celebrating the multicultural contributions of both men and women to the development of the Southwest." The paper's argument is threefold. First, it argues that the XII Travelers project could be regarded as a collage that incorporates different historical and cultural references into a single narrative. Secondly, by doing this, the memorial blurs spatial scales and builds a regional history with El Paso at its center. Finally, the paper suggests that the construction of this heroic and multicultural regional identity must be understood in relation to growing tourist activities and the expectations that visitors have about a Southern border area in USA. The research is based on a critical review of the material produced by The XII Travelers Foundation and the examination of the characters and monuments of Fray García and Juan de Oñate, the only two approved travelers of the proposed list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under internal armed conflicts there is a group of social actors whose performing behaviors do not correspond to neither of the sides in conflict. These actors are neither civil population trapped at the middle of violence nor those compromised with any of the sides. It is state officials charged to accomplish administrative tasks, for example those assigned to education on disputed territories. This paper seeks to explore the notion of silent social actor in terms of its behavior and to draw the attention of the international community concerned about the silent actor on conflicts. This research is focused on a public university in Ayacucho, Peru, during the internal armed conflict (1980-2000) at the end of the last century. The research uses a methodology for studying memory of witnesses of this period and the reflexivity approach in Anthropology. This work proposes using the category of silent social actor characterized by the exercise of a restricted agency but subject to constant pressure from the contenders faced in the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orchard is the place where a colossal diversity of food, medicinal plants, condiment, flowers, and wood are cultivated. Based on the orographic conditions, climates, and cultural dynamics of each region, related, farming knowledge is objectified. This paper analyzes the orchard territorial scale in Figueroa, Cauca, social scenario in which agricultural praxis is carried out, which articulates conservation and resistance practices, carried out day-to-day. The method of research is ethnographic, based on the role of ethnographer as assistant-companion in the orchard, and the use of techniques such as participant observation, direct interviews, and ethnographic interviews. Based on the field work, the orchard is identified as a biodiverse place, where there is a complex network of actions and thoughts, whose core axis is the defense of nature and territory, that is, life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the formation of identities in the Ancash region based on a Narrative Inquiry of two families living in the city of Huaraz, the parents are Hirka and Quyllur. Both have faced the same external influences but have opted for different identity constructions. Narrative inquiry employs three dimensions: interaction, continuity, and situation. The data analysis was based on the composition of meanings and the interpretative perspective of the experiences that consist of organizing meanings based on the data and a reflective process by the researcher, and the presentation of the advances to a support group to discuss, review and adjustment of the obtained data. From the analysis of the experiences, we can conclude that Hirka represents cultural resistance and Quyllur cultural assimilation. The first considers that their cultural practices have been inherited from their ancestors; on the other hand, Quyllur does not have this intergenerational awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on two studies and surveys carried out in the Upper Huallaga in 1981 and the VRAE in 2001, both located in the upper Peruvian amazon basin, this paper seeks to describe and analyze the historical and economic conditions under which coca cultivation for illicit purposes expanded in both regions. In this sense, it describes how this history shaped an inefficient and destructive migratory agriculture. Although the periods analyzed in each case are different, with a difference of twenty years between one and the other, the information we have is sufficiently valuable to establish a useful and valuable comparison. These are the two Amazonian regions that had the largest extension of coca plantations at the national level during the study period. When coca expanded in the Upper Huallaga, there was already a much more intense social and economic history of articulation with the market and modernity than in the VRAE. That is, although the contexts and socio-environmental histories of each basin were quite different, the similarities in productive strategies remained significant. Coca, as a plantation or permanent crop planted in relatively small areas, did not eliminate the shifting agriculture practiced by most Andean settlers in the high jungle. From time to time, coca growers abandoned their plantations in the phase of decreasing yields, in search of new lands and fertile soils within their own properties or in more distant areas, reproducing the slash-and-burn method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how we can use the Introduction of Bronislav Malinowski's The Argonauts of the Western Pacific in our research today, a century later. In this specific case, and going through a double commemoration in 2022, I explain the logic with which I structured an ethnographic method class in April 2021. I did so by taking advantage of a subject that was foreign enough to my students, prompting them to raise questions and to understand the structure, the imponderabilia of real life and the natives' mentality. In my own case, the natives are the real Other of the Argentine academia: the military sailors of the Argentine Navy, with whom I tried to understand how they experienced the Anglo-Argentine conflict for the Malvinas/Falklands and other South Atlantic Islands (1982). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the gender perspective, historicization and decolonization as part of a theoretical-methodological proposal, to understand the gender systems that support masculinities and models of being a man, linked to reproduction and contemporary indigenous survival in Mexico. It constitutes a first effort of reflective analysis, on how to approach these ethnicized and gendered realities, specifically on masculinities and being a man. To do this, we start by discussing the contributions of some gender studies of men and masculinities, which do not constitute an exhaustive and updated review, but only an approximation to the growing knowledge base, to support the methodological proposal with which it seeks to understand the patriarchal, heterosexist and colonizing constraints on men and women of indigenous peoples. In this work, it is argued that re-readings of these realities are required through theoretical-methodological proposals that are sensitive to these realities, in order to stop the homogenizing views of the indigenous gendered subject, specifically the masculinized one from westernized gender systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the discourses around masculinity and modernity intertwined in intellectual elites' representations during the turn of the twentieth century. The analysis uses a close-reading of certain cases -cultural magazines, eulogies, literary works- that illustrate such discourses. The article shows the elites' efforts for positioning Peru within the realm of the civilized countries and as part of the advancement of Western modernity. To do so, they tried to describe the virile, strenuous, and rational character of the men than inhabited the country. On the hand, elites extolled the heroic character --in terms of hegemonic masculinity-- of leading Peruvian figures to counter the pessimism after the War of the Pacific military defeat. In the same vein, the subsequent enthusiasm during the Aristocratic Republic was anchored in the possibilities to transform the Peruvian subjects towards greater whiteness, masculinity, and civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a case study, this paper focuses on the possibilities for a male adolescent to reflect, question and make ruptures on his own exercises of violence and on the interpellations he has experienced with women and feminism. Despite the negative consequences it entails, the repetition of rigid male gender roles and male mandates associated with violence, is often maintained as part of a male identity marked by dominance. However, gender socialization, as a process in continuous construction, opens the possibility for male adolescents to question the rigid learning acquired in childhood. It is concluded that adolescents who exercise violence can question themselves and break with previously acquired mandates associated with violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some ideas related to the difficulties that may happen during the fieldwork and that may urge us to improvise in order to be able to continue with our ethnographic research. However, these decisions must consider the implications of improvisation in terms of knowledge production and specifically in methodological planning. To support these reflections, presents a fieldwork situation in which digital narratives were useful for rapport and to complement the field data. Thus, a remarkable aspect is that the reflection on improvisation in our ethnographic practice can lead us to an intentional experimentation that helps us to enlarge the robust methodological baggage of ethnography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to recognize and analyze the materiality, agendas and routes of the audiovisuals resulting from practice as research: the whole process of production of an audiovisual as a methodology for academic research. Likewise, the present work opens the dialog for an exchange with our collaborators as an intervention device (Mauss, 2002). The empirical reference is based on my ethnographic approach to touristic ethno-enterprises projects managed by a group of indigenous entrepreneurs in the Central Peruvian Jungle, who while promoting ethno-tourism in the region, explore and question their own indigeneity. The central methodology of this research is to simultaneously produce an ethnographic audiovisual and a promotional video as an exchange. We found that the camera, as well as the audiovisuals, are things that become an extension of the body and experiences of the anthropologist-filmmaker, researcher / producer, becoming agents that define and constrain the field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore the hair and beard grooming narratives of fourteen upper-middle-class men aged between 27 and 40 years from Lima, as well as those of barbers and barbershop managers. We conduct in-depth interviews and analyze their thematic and interpretive content. We find that the interviewees use various strategies to avoid being feminized by their interest in grooming. At the same time, the subjects seek to match their hairstyle and/or beard with their clothing and body type in order to appear well turned-out; in Peru, this practice is strongly linked to racial, gender and class narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper consists of two first-person reports of linguists working in the documentation of endangered languages. We narrate two opposite situations: that of Guató, a language with only two speakers, survivors of a long process of colonization, and that of the language spoken by the Xinane people, a monolingual recently-contacted group. We make use of these two examples to problematize the concept of «isolation»: the Xinane situation is, in fact, one of de-isolation (contact), carefully planned and executed by young people, after three generations of isolation motivated by white violence. Vicente, on the other hand, one of the two last speakers of the guató language can be more literally characterized as one of voluntary isolation, despite the 400 years of contact of his fragmented people. We also discuss the challenges of creating fieldwork methodologies in these two extremely contrastive contexts of language vitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elderly are part of a society defined by technology acceleration, communication and information. These transformations happen at a rapid pace, making a big impact in the life of senior citizens. Our premise is to consider older people as active subjects in full exercise of their rights, to whom digital inclusion is also a part of social inclusion. The objective of this paper is, on the one hand, to carry out a content analysis of the policies implemented in Argentina regarding digital inclusion, including: level of coverage and survey of possible existing gaps. On the other hand, data from a national survey on access to resources and use of information and communication technologies by the elderly are analyzed. The conclusions show that there are significant gaps in both access to resources and frequency of use. Regarding national public policies on the subject, we observed that the pandemic showed that there was no strategic plan for the achievement of a policy of inclusion of the elderly in the new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the discourses of financial-independence and «professionalisation» of offspring promoted by state-provided health-care and welfare (Juntos), Quechua women living in poverty find that upon entering motherhood their full citizenship becomes conditional on successful behaviours and stewardship of children to a more «desirable» livelihood than their own. This suggests that mothering-while-poor places a moral value on women that the state uses to justify monitoring and governing them. This paper is based on one-year's ethnographic-fieldwork in rural communities and health centres or posts in Vilcashuaman province, Ayacucho department, Peru. 100 interviews were conducted with women, men and health-workers, in addition to substantial participant-observation. Whilst the pervasive discourses overburden women's freedoms, there are alternatives to «professionalization» of indigenous-youth that do not require the financial literacy currently imposed on mothers. This paper suggests that moral values placed on poor-maternities are sometimes used unfairly as a justification for reproductive-intervention and revocation of full-citizenship for poor, indigenous women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we question the concept of rationality providing a possible use of it in social agrarian studies and economic anthropology. First, we theoretically clarify the path by relating and distinguishing at the same time two concepts: «modern rationality» and «economic rationality». Afterwards, we present some theoretical-methodological mediation that allows a categorical use of those concepts. Then, we elaborate some epistemological reflections on this matter. As a conclusion, we review our main contributions, emphasizing the link between general concerns, linked to the development of Modernity, with some of its historical embodiments in the agrarian order and economic anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Peruvian government's Law N. 27811, an intellectual property law passed in 2002 and designed to register and protect traditional knowledge, provides productive opportunities for critical analysis. Framed within the trajectory of international intellectual property rights and discussions that complicate the integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into Cartesian scientific frameworks, this paper critically examines how the Peruvian law has been implemented and its impacts in Indigenous communities, particularly in the Andean Amazon region. The analysis is based on the author's work assisting Indigenous communities in San Martin register their knowledge through this law. While the law represents an advanced legal attempt to address power inequalities, it remains problematic. It does not address the impoverishment of Indigenous Peoples and continues to subordinate Indigenous TEK to Cartesian science. Although it is a symbolic recognition of the value of Peruvian Indigenous Peoples, other mechanisms are still required to redress the long history of colonization and racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the professional trajectory of the belgianperuvian anthropologist and sociologist Juan Ansión. The paper presents his main research interests and their developments over time, from his early work on mythical thought in the Andean world, to his sustained commitment with education in rural communities, the expectations and projects of rural and urban people around education and migration, and the impact of political violence in schools. A topic that intersects those concerns, interculturality, raises from the need to conceptualize a new proposal for understanding and challenging the subordination and discrimination among cultural groups that characterize Peruvian society. Ansión contributed meaningfully in the discussion around interculturality to this day, not limited to education, but including also health and justice. The paper also draws attention to his role as university professor, first in the National University San Cristobal de Huamanga, keeping a long lasting relationship with it, and later the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, where he taught over thirty years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to carry out a comparative exercise between the comparisons made by me and those made by the Toba people (qom) of the Argentinean Chaco. I will try to elucidate the tools with which they and I made these comparisons possible. I will refer to three events that occurred during my fieldwork carried out from 1997 to the present. These cases are related to the context of that we may call as «madness», and that have ontological implications. The events show the contrasts explained by my indigenous interlocutors between a non indigenous and a qom way of conceiving madnessbecoming- other. These ethnographic cases will allow us to reflect upon the challenges involved in concentrating on the quid of the comparison from the Toba point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores human and non-human forms of Guarani sociality in the multiethnic region of the Ramal in Jujuy (Argentinian Norwest). Specifically, it aims to show the fluidity of socio-ethnic limits that distinguish what is Guarani from what is not, and the porosity of ontological limits that differentiate humans from nonhumans. I argue that there are two Guarani excesses in the region, which make it difficult to classify and define Guarani borders. The first one is sociological in strict sense and refers to the impossibility of delimiting the Guarani identity within communities' borders and persons who explicitly identify themselves as «Guarani». It is necessary to expand the «Guarani» towards the local guaranized population of mixed blood. The second excess is ontological and refers to the expansion of social ties towards non-human worlds where Guarani ancestors, who become forest owners, live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the narratives, dialogues and experiences of inmates and health personnel involved in an intervention funded by the Global Fund to reduce tuberculosis rates in Peruvian prisons. It seeks to answer two main questions: How is it discussed and who has the responsibility for care of the disease in this intervention? It is based on an ethnography conducted in 2006 in Lurigancho, the most overcrowded prison in Peru. The study shows that, contrary to what interventionists affirm, most of the inmates can reproduce the biomedical versions of the disease's etiology in their own terms and without major problems. It was found that intervention discourse holds the patient solely responsible for his health condition; obscuring other equally important social and economic factors. It is argued that many public health policies have taken on a reductionist nature since they have begun to be based upon liberal economic assumptions. As a consequence of this process, certain diseases and types of patients or social groups are considered as morally reprehensible and punishable. It is concluded that it is essential to explore the communication ideology behind any intervention or public health policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe and analyze the therapeutic itineraries of female migrants from Bolivia residing two neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, "Bajo Flores" and "Villa 31". Qualitative methodology, using techniques of interviews and focus groups, oriented the investigation of health care strategies. As a principle result, we identified the articulation of various healthcare systems, particularly that of frequent consultation of pharmacists as substitution for physicians, be this a form of avoiding the barriers and obstacles of access to the public health system or as an alternative to previous therapeutic failures. In addition, the barriers that these women encounter when trying to access care in the public health system are described. Finally, we observed that the circulation of information among family members, neighbors, friends and "countrymen" is the most frequent means of accessing knowledge about the available care alternatives in each territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the emergence of new actors among graduate students in Mexico, specifically of indigenous graduate women, who are one of the results of an educational model that intends to question the prevailing developmental logic. It describes and analyzes the role of intercultural higher education policies as catalyst for an emerging professional profile that is having important impacts in building new family, community and regional relations. Through the discussion of these policies, their origins, limits and possibilities, this paper focuses on the specific proposal of the Universidad Veracruzana Intercultural (UVI). It also examines the life experiences of five UVI female graduates and concentrates in one case in which her trajectory is compared to the life experiences of her own mother, grandmother and great-grandmother. Through these cases, the paper seeks to identify the ways in which the UVI contributes to the constitution of these new female actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to recognize the practices of care and attention of the agents of the traditional medical system responsible for female reproductive health in the south of the Colombian Amazon. In-depth interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observation with local health agents from five rural communities and urban areas of the Municipalities of Leticia and Puerto Nariño were conducted. The results showed that the formation of people, their bodies and good treatment, mediated by a constant control of the relationships between humans and non-humans and the search for good living, are established as the determinants of care practices and attention to women's reproductive health. Likewise, there is a deep respect for the mother's decisions during her procreative process, which coincides with the recent international provisions. These data serve as the basis for the understanding of the local medical culture and its incorporation into the therapeutic processes of health in a framework of interculturality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than 20 years of the first massive migrations of Peruvians to Japan, Peruvian women face challenges in raising the second generation of migrants in this country. In this context, this research tries to answer how these women re-define their motherhood. The migratory routes of women, their relationship between households, work and school are key in this re-conceptualization. Thus, this article shows that their migratory motivations, their gender roles as mothers and wives, and the different upbringings of their children are the main factors that question their concepts of motherhood as guiding mothers. This paper is based on a qualitative research, elaborated under an ethnographic methodology, carrying out fieldwork with Peruvian mothers living in Aichi prefecture, Japan between 2016 and 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the exercise of motherhood among female prisoners in Unit No. 33 at the town of Los Hornos, (La Plata, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina). During 2016, practices and perceptions about motherhood and parenting were observed through a questionnaire that included open questions, as well as observations and informal talks in the pavilions. It was possible to make the conflict visible that arises for female prisoners due to the deprivation of their freedom and the gender mandates associated with the "role" of being a mother. They were affected by the impact of their imprisonment on their children, and felt that they had abandoned their obligations by unprotecting those whom they had to take care of. They assumed the damage that their situation caused on the development of their children, whether they were inside or outside the prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role played by the Internet and the cell phone (new ICT) in the registration of social prestige made by local authorities in rituals and festivities of the community of Yanque in the Colca Valley (province of Caylloma, department of Arequipa). The Internet and the cell phone, far from disintegrating the stratified society and the traditional local culture of Yanque, reaffirm and reinforce its validity, because those who use the new ICT to achieve or maintain their social prestige are only those who have accumulated different forms of power (money, lands, objects and religious knowledge, educational titles), accentuating the social differences existing in the village. Nine months of fieldwork were carried out between July 2014 and February 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community media have been lauded for the opportunity they provide to enhance participation and therefore democratic culture. In Kenya, a growing number of community radio stations have been founded partly under this logic since 2004. As of 2017, there were about 25 operational community radio stations. However, but exactly what participation consists of or what bottlenecks participation faces is not extensively laid out in either the country's legislation or the stations' best practices. This paper explores the daily interactions of a Kenyan 'community radio community' with the programmes of a radio station in their midst. It examines the media rituals at different times of the day by various sections of the community in relation to the content of the station, Mugambo Jwetu FM. Through this, the social norms that determine participation on one hand, and the new social formations that occur through participation on the other hand, are revealed. The data used are drawn from field research conducted in 2014 and 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Latin America, water governance is facing the problem of rising demand for water resources, increased hydrological variability in a context of climate change, proliferating contamination and thus --in general-- increasing scarcity of water in terms of quantity, quality, and opportunity. This creates competition and conflicts among stakeholders. The issue coincides with the urgent international problem of concentration of land, which is heavily intertwined with the concentration of water in the hands of the few. Globalization and a neoliberal political climate facilitate that powerful actors accumulate water rights and volumes at the expense of less powerful water users. This paper examines some exemplary situations in Peru. It is based on literature review, reports and archival research. The paper concludes that the unfair distribution of land and water, at the expense of rural families, communities and indigenous territories, constitutes a serious threat to environmental sustainability, water security and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mbyà-Guarani sound world is an important dimension of their existence as well as their children are, through their presence and their songs, which occupy a central place in the oguatá porã (Guarani sacred walk towards perfection). In this paper, I present ethnographic data on body processes and treatments as well as theories of visual and sound-performative practices that are part of the Mbyà way of being / living. The paper is, based on an ethnomusicological research among Mbyà groups in southern Brazil. From ethnographic descriptions an interpretation is built: a «cosmo-sonic» domain of ontology and epistemology of this Amerindian people, that is to say, that the construction of the Mbyà person-- and the construction of knowledge are closely linked with sound processes, as well as to imagery, kinetic and material performances, that strengthen the listening and the re-sonance of the being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the case of Francisco Buendía, a man of San Miguel, in the province of La Mar (Ayacucho), who was disappeared by Sendero Luminoso in 1984. From Stathis N. Kalyvas' theoretical offers, it reconstructs the secret micro-dynamics of the case, which they connected with the armed internal conflict. To find these local dynamics, one resorts to the remembrances and silences of the Buendía's relatives and to the information that reveal the notarial and judicial documents that the memory tries to hide. This paper shows that the local dynamics contain disputes that they have to see with the process of restructuring of the land that in the locality comes from the 19th century. The disputes finally developed into policies, causing the disappearance of Buendía. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute, on the one hand, to the discussion of the homogeneous image that is constructed regarding who we are, indigenous students; and on the other, to the knowledge of the challenges that we, indigenous youth, face in academic programs. I present the formative experiences of young men and women from different indigenous groups who attended the Indigenous Education Program at the National Pedagogical University - Ajusco Unit in Mexico city. I use interviews with graduates from the 2007-2011 cohort -of which I was part- to discuss what it means to be an indigenous student at the university, what their main problems and expectations are through their training, how they are seen in their communities of origin after becoming professionals, and if their access to the university caused loss of cultural identity. Methodologically, this research was carried out in the frame of collaborative work or dialogical research. Being part of this generation helped me to have the dialogues addressing the issues mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the processes of technological modernization that have taken place in Latin America’s mining industry, especially in the context of a new geography of late industrialization whose gravitational center has shifted towards East Asian economies. Through the Marxist critique of ecology, the paper explains the ways in which both human and nonhuman natures have been emptied of their concrete specificity in order to be transformed into the alienated powers of capital. The intensification in land use that has followed the robotization and computerization of large-scale mining has not only reconfigured the biogeophysical environment into a constitutive moment of the forces of production, but also entailed the systematic transformation of peasantries into dispossessed multitudes that act as mere appendages of technical systems of extraction, or as surplus populations. The reorganization of the mining industry into global supply chains requires rethinking extraction beyond primary commodity production and interrogating its organic unity with the modern mode of production generally considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of biofuels companies in the Chira Valley, Piura, Peru, in order to produce ethanol on sugarcane cultivation, intensified the agricultural use of land and water in the mid-2000s. This article analyzes the ecological, political and social transformations that biofuels production brought about in the valley. For that purpose the paper describes the role of the state in promoting biofuels and the concomitant land and water-grabbing processes in the valley. It also explores the consequences it had for local communities and medium-sized and small farmers. Ethanol production in the Chira valley produced a profound space transformation because land and water-grabbing processes for biofuels reinforced social inequalities. Information for this article was gathered from primary and secondary sources. This is a qualitative research. Eighteen interviews were conducted in Piura and Lima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agro-export boom in the coastal region of Ica has caused two interrelated processes: the generation of water scarcity scenarios and the emergency of the agro-exporter group as a new social actor. The role assigned to agro-exporters in the narrative of regional development has given them a dominant position in the management of Ica water resources. This has generated a re-configuration of social and political relationships at the local space that has allowed them to be able of even contest State's efforts to regulate groundwater use. Thus, the questions guiding this research are: how the agro-exporter group has concentrated water power in Ica? And how do they exercise this power? This paper argues that control over groundwater resources has fallen into the hands of the agro-exporter group due to their capacity to concentrate and exercise three dimensions of power: economic capacity, technical knowledge and coercion. In developing this argument, we explain how the concentration of these power dimensions has influenced in the production of water scarcity scenarios to certain groups of population, without confronting much resistance despite of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the different way on which the internal armed conflict still affects the Peruvian universities; now, through a process of symbolic violence from many spheres like the family or the mass media. In this context, the students build new forms of political participation; the university as a space of political debate and action is seriously affected by the fear of its students to be marked by the stigma of the violence; moreover, all this is amplified by the destruction of the political system and the lack of interest on the regular ways of political participation among young students. Although, in our research we have found that university students participate in different spheres of the public life that, without being planned, creates new ways of political participation: the case of the colectivos. We conclude that between the stigma --and the supposed presence of Movadef in the universities--, and the lack of institutional ways to channel their demands, the students are building a new form of political action that will be fully shaped in the future when they achieve to structure their movement and colectivos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, on August 20, 2020, Dr. Jorge A. Flores Ochoa passed away. He has been a fundamental figure in Cuzco and Peruvian anthropology due to his multiple merits as a researcher, professor, engaged intellectual and tireless cultural animator. This text reviews his main research themes and interests, in particular his notable contributions and constant study of Andean pastoralist societies and, associated with this, his studies regarding the management of Andean agro-ecological complexity. The article then moves to his research on Cuzco's colonial and republican art and material culture, his ethnography of the city's and region's religious celebrations, his broader contributions to the anthropology of the city of Cuzco and his interpretations and analysis on the history and importance of contemporary Cuzco Incanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper presents a reflection on the ethics of ethnographic research in so-called virtual worlds or cyberworlds. Based on my own experience in second Life, there, Onverse and twinity, issues related to transparency, presence, privacy and anonymity are discussed. Although research in cyberworlds shares some ethical problems with traditional and virtual ethnography, they present new difficulties and ethical dilemmas during fieldwork that should be identified and analyzed from a critical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has as objective to analyze the role that the media, especially the written press in your scanned paper, are in the process of stigmatization of a poor neighborhood and segregated from the Community of Madrid, Spain). To do this, we have used the news which appeared in the newspapers about one of the largest informal settlements of Spain, La Cañada Real Galiana passing through Madrid. Its near 15 km in length have identified with categories such as dirty, disorderly, chaotic, illegal and marginal, in addition with drug trafficking and other criminal activities in recent years, the creation and rapid dissemination of a narrative that stigmatized has been made possible by linking them to the opposite values to those implicit in the new model of urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses digital technologies from an anthropological perspective, concentrating on ways in which cultural diversity, social inequality and the possibilities of change and social transformation have been discussed. We examine the ways in which the digital domain has been conceived, categories used to describe processes of change and continuity in everyday life, and the impact of digital technology on these. This approach leads us to question up how ethnographers have explored the relationships among local practices, global transits and digital technologies, and the material and visual aspects of the digital in cultural production and media communication. Finally, we discuss how to incorporate digital technologies in ethnographic practice and anthropological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]