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The effect of carminomycin and rubomycin on the dynamics of the primary immune response to T-independent Vi-antigen of S. typhi was studied. Differences in the character of the antibiotic effect indicative of the high selective effect of carminomycin on the multiplying cells or precursors of the antibody forming plasmocytes were noted. It was found that the carminomycin inhibitory effect on synthesis of hemagglutinins to Vi-antigen was higher than that to sheep red blood cells. Carminomycin was shown to impair the formation of the immunological memory, while rubomycin did not suppress the development of the "memory cell" clone to T-independent antigen.

The morpho-functional state of the muscle lymphoid tissue of mice treated with karmionmycin (LD50, 1.1 mg/kg) was studied experimentally. Development of a number of changes evident of the cell disorganization in the lymphoid tissue was shown. The cytological shifts in the thymus and spleen were reversible, while the destructive period in the strumous gland was more prolonged. The morpho-structural normalization of the spleen did not coincide with reduction of its immunological function. The studies on the karminomycin effect on the kinetics of the primary immune response showed dependence of the antibiotic effect on the temporal ratio between the antigenic stimulus and the drug administration. The antibiotic had no effect on the inductive phase of the primary immune response but significantly suppressed its productive phase. On reproduction of the secondary immune response, a decrease in the content of the antibody-forming cells in the spleen was observed, production of the circulating antibodies remaining unchanged.

The experiment was carried out with 252 albino rats of Wistar line immunized with Candida albicans vaccine under conditions of treatment with tetracycline, streptomycin and penicillin in doses of 40000-50000 Units/kg body weight. In the first part of the experiment the animals were immunized with a single dose of dead carpuscular vaccine and treated with the antibiotics for 10 days. In the second part of the experiment the animals were immunized 3 times, and 2nd and 3rd immunizations being with live cultures of C. albicans and the antibiotics were used for 20 days. The results of the experimental showed that repeated administrations of the antibiotics to the albino rats during immunization decreased the animal immune reactivity and aggravated the experimental candidosis: the rate of semination with the fungus increased and excretion of the fungus from the organism decreased.

The effect of rubomycin and carminomycin on induction of suppressor cells in immunization of mice with high doses (2 . 10(9) cells) of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or with the allogeneic spleen cells was studied. When the spleen cells of syngeneic animals hyperimmunized with SRBC were administered to intact cells, a marked specific suppression of both the antibody formation and the reaction of the delayed type hypersensitivity were observed. A decrease in the suppressor activity or its complete elimination as a result of exposure of the spleen cell donors to the antibiotics was indicative of a relatively selective effect of these drugs on the suppressor cells. This effect of the antibiotics increased after treatment of the spleen immune cells with the anti-T-serum and complement. However, the blocking effect of the antibiotics on the suppressor cells was not strictly specific, since they were detected in the syngeneic and allogenic systems with the cell transfer.

The effect of tetracycline and oleandomycin on the complement titer, lysozyme content, serum bactericidal properties and presence of specific antibiotic antibodies in the blood serum was studied. The latter were shown with the Hoigné reaction under conditions of aseptic inflammation caused against the background of latent tetanus intoxication. It was shown that tetracycline and oleandomycin used in treatment of the animals with aseptic inflammation developed at the background of latent tatanus intoxication induced an increased in the complement titer, lysozyme content and bactericidal properties of the serum. Reduction of the above indices was observed by the 15th-20th day after discontinuation of the drug use. The increase in the factors of non-specific immunity under the effect of tetracycline and oleandomycin in the animals with aseptic inflammation caused against the background of latent tetanus intoxication was accompanied by appearance in the blood serum on non-specific antibodies revealed with the Hoigné reaction. Changed reactivity because of latent tetanus intoxication was accompanied by a delay in the formation of the non-specific antibodies in the blood serum. However, later the rate of their accumulation became higher and as a result the maximum titers of the antibodies were 2-3 times higher than those in the control animals.

Carminomycin administered orally to mice for many times in doses of 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg induced suppression of hemagglutinine production to sheep erythrocytes and formation of immunologically competent cells in the spleen of test animals. The content of DNA and RNA in the spleen of the test animals treated with carminomycin and sheep erythrocytes was somewhat lower than that in the control mice immunized but not treated with the antibiotic. Carminomycin prolongated the life time of the skin graft by 6.5 days as compared to that of the skin homotransplant in the control animals. The oral use of carminomycin in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg induced a statistically significant decrease in the absorption capacity of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system of the animals.

The state of immunological reactivity was studied on 250 albino mice treated with gentamycin and pentoxyl used alone or in combination because of sepsis caused by Ps. aeruginosa. Morphological changes in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as the dynamics of the agglutinins accumulation in the blood serum were investigated. Gentamycin had no significant effect on the plasmocytal reaction in the lymph nodes and at the same time lowered the number of the immunocompetent cells in the spleen and the titer of agglutinins in the blood serum. The use of gentamycin in combination with pentoxyl had a stimulating effect on transformation of the plasmic cells in the lymphoid organs and resulted in increased titers of agglutinins in the blood serum of the animals treated.