1. Skin Notations for Low-Molecular-Weight Amines: Development of a Testing Protocol with Isopropylamine as an Example
- Author
-
Dino Pisaniello, Leigh Thredgold, Sharyn Gaskin, Linda Heath, and Yanqin Liu
- Subjects
Chromatography ,integumentary system ,Propylamines ,Skin Absorption ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human skin ,010501 environmental sciences ,In Vitro Techniques ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,01 natural sciences ,Dermal exposure ,Acute toxicity ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Occupational Exposure ,Limited capacity ,Animals ,Humans ,Isopropylamine ,Occupational exposure ,Workplace ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Skin - Abstract
Owing to their volatility, the most important occupational exposure route for low-molecular-weight amines is considered to be inhalation. However, dermal exposure is also possible in many workplace situations. There are limited data available on the dermal uptake of these amines through human skin, and existing exposure standard skin notations are typically based on acute toxicity animal studies or by chemical analogy. This gap in knowledge is in part due to a lack of standardized approach for assessing dermal uptake. We describe a relatively simple protocol for the determination of permeation of low-molecular-weight amines through human skin in vitro. Using isopropylamine as a test amine, it was found that isopropylamine vapour has limited capacity to absorb into, or penetrate through, the epidermal layer of human skin, even at lethal atmospheric concentrations. This protocol can be adapted for a range of exposure scenarios, including clothing effects, and may be used to determine whether skin notations are warranted.
- Published
- 2018