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Background This study assessed the early and long-term results of arch operations performed after a prior aortic operation. Methods From 1994 to 2014, 154 consecutive patients (mean age, 59.7 years) underwent an aortic arch repair, after a previous aortic operation, at our institution. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion was used in all cases. Chronic postdissection aortic aneurysm (87 [56.5%]) and degenerative aneurysm (43 [27.9%]) represented the most common indications for surgical intervention. A complete arch replacement was performed in 119 patients (77.3%), an associated root repair in 70 (45.5%), and the frozen elephant trunk technique was used in 55 (35.7%). Results Hospital mortality was 11.7% (n = 18). Postoperative permanent neurologic dysfunction occurred in 10 patients (6.4%). On multivariate analysis, cardiopulmonary bypass time (odds ratio, 1.02 per minute; p = 0.005) emerged as the only independent predictor of hospital death. Follow-up was 100% complete. The estimated survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 79.6%, 69.9%, and 46.8%, respectively. Freedom from reoperation was 75.6% at 5 years and 54.6% at 10 years. Cox regression identified chronic postdissection aortic aneurysm (odds ratio, 4.2; p = 0.006) to be the only independent predictor of aortic reintervention. Late survival was comparable between degenerative aneurysm patients and the Italian population matched for age and sex (standardized mortality ratio, 1.9; p = 0.1). Longevity was reduced in patients operated on for chronic postdissection aortic aneurysm (standardized mortality ratio, 6.3; p < 0.001). Conclusions Arch operations after a previous open aortic repair can be performed with acceptable mortality and good long-term outcomes. Complete aortic resection did not increase hospital deaths and was associated with a low need for aortic reinterventions at follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]