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Entrepreneurial intention among university students may be conditioned by following training activities related to entrepreneurship during the course of their degree studies. There has clearly been an increase in the number of university graduates who become entrepreneurs, so it is necessary to determine the services that should be offered by the university as a platform to support university entrepreneurship. This research examines this issue through the use of statistical analyses. The main objective of this research is to determine the different types of entrepreneurial training offered to students and the services they think the university should establish as a platform to support entrepreneurship, thereby enabling a comparison of current and desired practices. The study determines whether access to training activities conditions the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Descriptive statistics have been used to conveniently present the information and to identify behavioral patterns of the variables analyzed. Data have thus been examined using frequency analysis, contingency tables and independence tests. The variables used in this survey are designed to represent the role of the university in fostering entrepreneurial culture and the intention among the university comminity to start their own business, having first extensively analyzed the concept of an entrepreneurial university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posidonia oceanica is the most extended sea grass in the Mediterranean Sea. Important quantities of this alga are accumulated on coasts making necessary the cleaninness of those beaches where it can be found. For this reason, many authors are developmenting new products made by this raw material, like green composites or are studing this material to be used as biomass, for example. The aim of this study is to dye the Posidonia Oceanica fiber using commercial natural dye to change their appearance to get a material more attractive for different areas. To achieve this aim, fibers were scoured and bleached in order to remove the brown colour of the Posidonia Oceanica fibers. Scoured and bleached processes were followed by the treatment done for cellulosic fibers, because some researches indicate that P. Oceanica is composed of high quantity of cellulose. Different types of biomordants were use in the pre-treatment of the fiber to improve the affinity between the fiber and the dye used. To compare the results, we evaluate the colour of each sample using CIELAB parameters and colour differences (ΔE*), which are obtained by reflexion spectrophotometre. The results showed that medium molecular weight chitosan, which was used as biomordant, gets the highest intensity of colour [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes derived from flora and fauna are believed to be safe because of non-toxic, noncarcinogenic and biodegradable nature. Furthermore, natural dyes do not cause pollution and waste water problems. Natural dyes as well as synthetic dyes need the optimum parameters to get a good dyeing. On some occasions, It is necessary the use of mordants to increase the affinity between cellulose fiber and natural dye, but there are other conditions to optimize in the dyeing process, like time, temperature, auxiliary porducts, etc. In addition, the optimum conditions are different depends on the type of dye and the fiber nature. The aim of this work is the use of carrot extract to dye cotton fabric by exhaustion at diverse dyeing conditions. Diffferent dyeing processes were carried out to study the effect of pH condition and the temperature, using 7, 6 and 4 pH values and 95 °C and 130°C for an hour. As a result some images of dyed samples are shown. Moreover, to evaluate the colour of each sample CIELAB parameters are analysed obtained by reflexion spectrophotometre. The results showed that the temperature used has an important influence on the colour of the dyed sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting demand for fashion products is crucial for textile manufacturers. In an attempt to both avoid out-of-stocks and minimize holding costs, different forecasting techniques are used by production managers. Both linear and non-linear time-series analysis techniques are suitable options for forecasting purposes. However, demand for fashion products presents a number of particular characteristics such as short life-cycles, short selling seasons, high impulse purchasing, high volatility, low predictability, tremendous product variety and a high number of stock-keeping-units. In this paper, we focus on predicting demand for cotton yarns using a non-linear forecasting technique that has been fruitfully used in many areas, namely, random forests. To this end, we first identify a number of explanatory variables to be used as a key input to forecasting using random forests. We consider explanatory variables usually labeled either as causal variables, when some correlation is expected between them and the forecasted variable, or as time-series features, when extracted from time-related attributes such as seasonality. Next, we evaluate the predictive power of each variable by means of out-of-sample accuracy measurement. We experiment on a real data set from a textile company in Spain. The numerical results show that simple time-series features present more predictive ability than other more sophisticated explanatory variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from chitin, and among their most important aspects highlights its applications in a lot of industrial sectors due to its intrinsic properties, especially in the textile sector. In the last years, chitosan is widely used in the cotton and wool finishing processes due to its bond between them and its properties as an antifungical and antimicrobial properties. In this paper three different molecular weight chitosan are used in the finishing process of cotton to evaluate its influence in the surface properties modification. In order to evaluate the effect of the treatment with chitosan, flexural stiffness test is performed in warp and weft direction, and then the total value is calculated. The cotton fabric is treated with 5 g/L of different types of chitosan in an impregnation bath. This study shows the extent of surface properties modification of the cotton provided by three types of chitosan treatment. The results show that all types of chitosan modify the cotton flexural rigidity properties but the one which modifies it in a relevant manner is chitosan originated from shrimps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knitting fabrics are characterized by the confort they confer on the wearer. Textiles with mcirocpsules are bocoming more popular and nowadays Phase Change Materials (PCM) are used for thermal control and to avoid temperature changes to be clearly noticeable. Consequently, they can control variations in temerpature and make the user feel more confortable. Washing durability and rigidity are very important when considering fabrics treated with microencapsules. In this study we first aimed to study what influence has the resin concentration with the durability of microencapsules on the fabric after having washed it and its confort. To observe the presence of microcapsules after washing procedure the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. SEM analysis showed different density of microcapsules with PCMs depending on the binder concentration used. It could be clearly noticieable that 5times washed fabric and 10times washed fabric still show microacapsules on it. On the other hand we used padding method for the application of PCMs into the fabris and this study put forth the binder effect on rigidity. We have demonstrated that when we increase the binder concentration for padding bath, after 10th laundry cycles for the same fabric, we still have microcalsules on it. On the other hand, density of binder effect negatively influences on rigidity of the fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, textile technologies develop to adapt their different techniques for creating new products for the different sectors of application every day. Particularly, warp knitted fabrics and warp-knitting technology have applications in all different groups of technical textiles. It could be the most applied technique, the most versatile technology to develop new textile products for the new textile market. Warp knitted fabrics play the most important role among the technical textile fabrics. This technology is used in different product groups such as mobile textiles (car seat covers, dashboard cover), industrial textiles (composites), medical textiles (anti-decubitus blankets), sports textiles and foundation garments (bra cups, pads for swimwear). This study presents some examples of the application of this technology in some markets. Within the market of technical textile, medical textile has an increasing relevance and knitted fabrics and knitting technology, at the same time, play a very important role in the fields of technical and medical textiles. Studies have demonstrated that knitted structures possess excellent mechanical properties and can promote more effective regenerative medicine, tissue repair, ligament, tendon cartilage, reconstruction, etc. The aim of this paper is to present different possibilities of textiles developed with this kind of structures, to present different alternatives, different examples of products obtained with this kind of textile structure combined with the correct kind of textile fiber. In this kind of techology, double-bar raschel machines used for producing three-dimensional textiles, spacers, play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation in SMEs is a key to competitiveness and economic growth pillar. Currently, in Spain, the most important policy to support innovation is tax incentives for R&D&I, based on the issuance of Motivated Binding reports of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This work offers SMEs a quantitative and qualitative model of analysis, and enterprise-level projects, which aims to help them get a favorable structure for innovation. Specifically, a systematic analysis is proposed for Spanish SMEs that perform productive R&D&I, based on factors of company, projects and on both of them, and based on an interview for SMEs, on an analysis of the projects based Motivated Binding a Report and on a review of key data presented in the Mercantile Register. The method developed has been endorsed by a panel of experts in the field: managers related to innovation, researchers from the University, Agents involved in Institutions binding Motivated management Reports, Managers of innovative SMEs, Business Associations, etc. By providing a systematic analysis, it will be able to make a quantitative and qualitative empirical study of a representative sample of companies, based on the application of this method. With all this, we will achieve the characterization and modeling of the Spanish productive SMEs performing R&D&I, obtaining, a model able to assist Spanish companies to achieve including the R&D&I, in its business strategy, which will generate new possibilities for improving competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalization of textiles has been the aim of many studies in the field of intelligent materials. The aplication of nanoparticules on the fabric is one of approaches used for get textile functionalization. Normally, there is no attraction between inorganic particles and polymeric materials such as textiles. The difference between surface energy of two aforementioned organic and inorganic materials causes a kind of repellency in their interfaces. This problem is intensified by using nanoparticles because of their high specific surfaces In this research, treated samples with silica particles are compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the binder used. Cotton fabrics' surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive using XRay (EDX). EDX technique showed that it was a suitable method to detect Si particles presence on fabric surface, this technique offers quantitive results which help to compare different formulations. We confirm that the treated fabric with resin contained higher quantity of Ti particles than the one treated without resin. We analyzed %weight (Si/O) for unwashed and washed treated samples with and without binder. We concluded that whased samples which had been treated using acrylic resin contain higher quantity of the silica particles onto fabric than those whased samples which had been treated without resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posidonia Oceanic is a seaweed from Mediterranean Sea and it is more concentrated at the Balerian SEA. This implies the Valencian Community also. It forms vaste underwater meadows in the sea and are part of the Mediterranean ecosystem. It is a seagrass specie with fruits and flowers. Leaves are ribbon-like and they grow in winter and at the end of summer some of them are separated and arrive to some sea line. Fuit is separated and can floate, it is known as "the olive of the sea" mainly in Italy, or as the Neptune Balls. As it can be used in different fields, it is is being studied in order ro have the precitice tests. Some authors have reported the manufacturing of fully bio-based comites with a gluten matrix by hot-press molding. And it has been considered as an effective insulator for building industry or even though to determine the presence of mercure in the Mediterranean sea some years ago. As many applications can be designed from that fibres, it has been considered to be bleached in order to used them in fashinable products. Consequently, its original brown color is not the most suitable one and it should be bleached as many other cellulosic fibres. The aim of this paper is to bleache neptune balls however, the inner fibres were not accesible at all and it implied not to bleach the inner fibres in the neptune ball. Further studiesd will consider bleaching the individualised fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]