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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling diseases worldwide and is becoming a significant public health threat. Current treatments forMDDprimarily consist of monoamine-targeting agents and have limited efficacy. However, the glutamate neurotransmitter system has recently come into focus as a promising alternative for novel antidepressant treatments. We review the current data on the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, which has been shown in clinical trials to act as a rapid antidepressant inMDD.We also examine ketamine efficacy on dimensions of psychopathology, including anhedonia, cognition, and suicidality, consistent with theNIMH Research Domain Criteria initiative. Other aspects of ketamine reviewed in this paper include safety and efficacy, different administration methods, and the risks of misuse of ketamine outside of medical settings. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of glutamatergic agents other than ketamine currently being tested as novel antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an upsurge of multidisciplinary research since the adoption of a standardized definition of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and the first bisphosphenate-related ONJ conference in 2007 held at the New York Academy of Sciences. This series of papers revisits topics presented at the conference in addition to covering recent advances in the history, mechanisms, clinical management, and prevention of bisphosphonate-related ONJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]