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Hemiptera success can be partially attributed to their scent glands, which are dorsal abdominal glands (DAGs) in nymphs. Recent studies on Pentatomoidea have described cuticular modifications associated with DAGs, which compose the scent efferent system (SES), but the ontogeny has been poorly documented. We aim to—1) search for new SES characters in two representative species of Pentatomidae; 2) describe the SES ontogeny after hatching; and 3) compare the SES morphology between two species. Adults and immature samples from the first to fifth instars of Chinavia obstinata (Stal) (Pentatominae) and Cyrtocoris egeris Packauskas & Schaefer (Cyrtocorinae) were used as pentatomid representatives. SES structures were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Features that were never evaluated before are described: the scent efferent system orientation, periostiolar flap, periostiolar area, postostiolar projection, and peritreme lip. We observed remarkable differences between the first and second instars in both species, especially for DAGs 2 and 3; from the second to fifth instar, the modifications were subtle. Only the DAG1 scent efferent system persists in adults. The characteristics that present broader morphological diversity in the Pentatomomorpha are the following: peritreme, evaporatorium microsculpture, scent efferent system orientation, and peritreme lip. We conclude that any sample between the second and fifth instars can be used for species description and character extraction. We recommend using both traditional structures and the newly evaluated features in future descriptive and comparative studies for Pentatomomorpha.

“Integrative taxonomy” is a conceptual multisource approach in which the nomination of a species is considered as a hypothesis subject to evaluation through different empirical evidence. In this study, we followed a hypothesis-driven approach, where a set of specimens are used to test previous hypotheses about the existence of species. Thus, Oenopiella Bergroth is revised, based on morphology with emphasis on the genitalia of both sexes. Oenopiella unidentata Spinola, Oenopiellapunctaria Stål, and Oenopiella pallidula Stål are redescribed and illustrated, and two new species are described, Oenopiella ventanensis Grazia sp. nov. from Argentina and Oenopiella flonensis Fernández-Aldea sp. nov. from southern Brazil. A key to separate the species is provided. The reliability of O.punctaria and O. unidentata is evaluated through a reanalysis of their morphological characters, by exploring differences in qualitative and quantitative morphologic characteristics. All lines of evidence support these species hypotheses.

The genus Lojus is unique among Western Hemisphere members of the subfamily Pentatominae in lacking ocelli. The only other stinkbugs which lack ocelli are brachypter-ous, which is not the case in Lojus . However, species of Lojus lack hind wings and are, therefore, flightless. Its generic relationships and tribal classification in the Pentatominae are discussed. A key to the species of the genus is provided, including the 2 newly described species, L. brettlizorum and L. ateuchus , from Costa Rica and Ecuador, respectively.

The classification and status of the two tribes in the Podopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are confused. This study confirms that the Podopini and Graphosomatini are closer to each other than either is to any other pentatomoid group. The Podopinae itself is most closely related to the Pentatominae, and more distantly related (perhaps) to a group of primitive pentatomoid families which includes the Cydnidae.

Evidence from the morphology of the genitalia, alimentary organs, and immature stages is described to support the inclusion of Natalicolinae in Tessaratomidae. Aurungabada is transferred to the subtribe Eusthenaria, and Janeirona, Pantochlora , and Kahlamba are transferred to Pentatominae. Platytatini is transferred to Sepinini, with a subtribal status. The pentatomid nature of Delocephalus is confirmed.