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IN THE STOCK MARKET, VOLATILITY IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE PRICES OF ASSETS FLUCTUATE AND DETERMINES THE DEGREE OF RISK OR UNCERTAINTY. THE MAIN AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY IS TO MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE SWITZERLAND STOCK MARKET USING DATA FROM 4TH JANUARY, 2000 TO 9TH NOVEMBER, 2023. THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF GARCH FAMILY MODELS WHICH, INCLUDE GARCH/TARCH, EGARCH, COMPONENT ARCH (1,1), AND PARCH. THE STUDY USED A SAMPLE NUMBER OF 5994 DAILY OBSERVATIONS FOR SWISS STOCK INDEX REPRESENTING THE SWITZERLAND STOCK MARKET. WE USED SOME STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS PHILLIPS-PERRON AND AUGMENTED DICKEY FULLER TESTS STATISTIC. THE ARCH LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER (LM) TEST, PARCH MODEL. WE UTILIZED THE EVIEWS 12 ECONOMETRICS PACKAGE. THIS STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ACCURATELY AND METICULOUSLY SIMULATING STOCK MARKET BEHAVIOR IN ADDITION TO ADDING TO THE CORPUS OF KNOWLEDGE IN FINANCIAL ECONOMETRICS. THE CONCLUSIONS AND METHODS DISCUSSED IN THIS STUDY PROVIDE A STRONG BASIS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH, ENHANCING OUR CAPACITY TO PREDICT MARKET MOVEMENTS AND MAKE WISE CHOICES IN A VOLATILE FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES IS A MAJOR WING IN MSMES. THE PRESENT STUDY IS ANALYTICAL IN NATURE AND IS ENTIRELY BASED ON SECONDARY DATA. SECONDARY DATA RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION, SALES AND EMPLOYMENT OF KHADI& VILLAGE INDUSTRIES OF INDIA ARE COLLECTED FROM THE VARIOUS ANNUAL REPORTS OF MSMES GENERATED BY THE MINISTRY OF MSME, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND ANNUAL REPORTS OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES COMMISSION (KVIC). THE ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE MSME SECTOR FROM 2010-11 TO 2020-21 HAS BEEN ANALYZED AND EVALUATED TO DRAW THE CONCLUSION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ANALYSE THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN TERMS OF PRODUCTION, SALES AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION. AS WELL AS IT STUDIES THE BUDGET SUPPORT TO THE KVIC SECTOR BY THE GOVERNMENT. DATA INDICATE THAT THE KVI SECTOR MADE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT. HOWEVER, THIS SECTOR IS PERFORMING WELL, WITH INCREASING PRODUCTION AND SALES. COMPARED TO OTHER INDUSTRIES, THE KVI GROWTH IS SLOWER THAN OTHER SECTOR INDUSTRIES. IN THE KHADI SECTOR, EMPLOYMENT IS LOWER THAN AVERAGE. IT IS REPORTED THAT ALMOST 95% OF THE YEARLY BUDGET'S MONEY HAVE BEEN DISBURSED. FOR CALCULATION OF RESULTS OF CORRELATION HAS BEEN USED AND CONCLUDED THAT PRODUCTION AND SALES KHADI SECTOR AND VILLAGE INDUSTRY IS POSITIVELY HIGHLY CORRELATED. TO IMPROVE THE RURAL ECONOMY AND CREATE JOBS IN RURAL REGIONS, THE GOVERNMENT HAS TAKEN A NUMBER OF STEPS IN THE DIRECTION OF THE KVI SECTOR. DESPITE THE FIERCE COMPETITION, THE ENTIRE PERFORMANCE OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR HAS BEEN OUTSTANDING. SALES AND PRODUCTION ARE ENCOURAGED BY THE KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SEVERAL PLANS FOR THE KVI SECTOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AN "INVESTMENT" INCLUDES EVEN A SAVINGS ACCOUNT EARNING 1% INTEREST. MOST PEOPLE, HOWEVER, REFER TO HIGHER RETURN PRODUCTS LIKE MUTUAL FUNDS, ETFS, AND EQUITIES WHEN THEY TALK ABOUT INVESTING. INVESTING GUARANTEES LONG-TERM FINANCIAL SECURITY FOR THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE. YOUR INVESTMENTS' INCOME AND FINANCIAL SECURITY ARE POSSIBLE THANKS TO THEM. A DIVIDEND IS ONE WAY THAT INVESTMENTS LIKE STOCKS, BONDS, AND ETFS CAN GENERATE INCOME. THIS SUM IS WHAT SHAREHOLDERS RECEIVE ONLY FOR KEEPING THEIR INVESTMENT. AS A RESULT OF THE MONTHLY, QUARTERLY, OR ANNUAL DISTRIBUTIONS PAID BY MANY INVESTMENTS, YOU CAN BENEFIT FROM PASSIVE INCOME THAT ONE DAY MIGHT TAKE THE PLACE OF YOUR PAYCHECK, SHOULD ALWAYS STRIVE TO INVEST 15% OF YOUR PRE-TAX INCOME, AS A GENERAL RULE OF THUMB. IF YOU BEGIN INVESTING BY THE AGE OF 30, GENERATE AN AVERAGE YEARLY RETURN OF 10%, AND MAKE A MINIMUM OF $21,500 PER YEAR, YOU WILL HAVE AMASSED A MILLION DOLLARS BY THE TIME YOU ARE 65. INVESTORS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE MEN THAN WOMEN. THIS INVESTING DIFFERENCE, ALONG WITH THE SALARY DISPARITY AND OTHER FACTORS, OVER THE COURSE OF A 35-YEAR CAREER, MIGHT RESULT IN MISSING OUT ON $1 MILLION IN VALUE. IN A SIMILAR VEIN, MEN ARE FIVE TIMES MORE LIKELY THAN WOMEN, REGARDLESS OF AGE, TO REPORT THAT INVESTING IS THEIR TOP PRIORITY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INDIA IS THE FOURTH BIGGEST TYRE MAKER GLOBALLY AFTER CHINA, EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES. GROWING DEMAND FOR AUTOMOBILES HAS MADE THE INDIAN TYRE INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALLY STRONG. EQUITY INVESTORS ARE ALSO INVESTING THEIR MONEY IN THE TYRE SECTOR STOCKS. HOWEVER, MANY SECTORS ARE UNDERPERFORMING DUE TO THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC AND ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN. THIS STUDY USES RATIO ANALYSIS TO EXAMINE THE PERFORMANCE OF TYRE SECTOR COMPANIES IN INDIA. FROM THE ANALYSIS, WE FOUND THAT IN THE YEAR 2020, BECAUSE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC, THE PERFORMANCE OF MANY COMPANIES HAS AFFECTED, AND THE INDUSTRY'S DEBT INCREASED. DEBT EQUITY RATIOS OF ALL COMPANIES EXCEPT BALAKRISHNA ARE LESS THAN ONE, WHICH IS A GOOD SIGN. THE NET PROFIT AND OPERATING PROFIT RATIO OF BALAKRISHNA COMPANY ARE VERY HIGH COMPARED TO OTHER SELECTED COMPANIES. HOWEVER, THE ASSET TURNOVER AND FIXED ASSET TURNOVER RATIOS OF GOODYEAR COMPANY ARE BETTER THAN ALL OTHER SELECTED COMPANIES. REGARDING WORKING CAPITAL, THE INVENTORY TURNOVER OF RUBFILA AND THE DEBTOR TURNOVER RATIO OF APOLLO COMPANY ARE BETTER THAN OTHER COMPANIES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS PAPER AIMED TO INVESTIGATE COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY EFFECT WITH BASE TO RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKET OVER UKRAINE, HUNGARY AND ROMANIA, (2) WHETHER IS THERE ANY OPPORTUNITY FOR HEDGE THE INVESTMENT IN ONE MARKET BY INVESTING IN ANOTHER MARKET. FOR THIS PURPOSE WE EMPLOY VECTOR ERROR CORRELATION MODEL (VECM) AND CCC GARCH ON THE SAMPLE DATA FROM JANUARY 2013 TO AUGUST 2022 COLLECTED FROM BLOOMBERG. AIC CRITERIA HAS BEEN USED TO DETERMINE THE IDEAL LAG DURATION, WHICH IS DETERMINED TO BE 8 DAYS FOR PFTS - UKRAINE AND MOEX - RUSSIA, 9 DAYS FOR BET - ROMANIA AND MOEX - RUSSIA, AND 8 DAYS FOR BUX - HUNGARY AND MOEX - RUSSIA. THIS IS BECAUSE COINTEGRATION RESULTS ARE SENSITIVE TO LAG LENGTH. CAUSALITY MUST EXIST IF TWO PARAMETERS (EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC) COINTEGRATE IN AT LEAST ONE DIRECTION (GRANGER, 1986). ADDITIONALLY, IT WAS ASSERTED BY GHOSH (1993), LIEN AND LUO (1994), AND LIEN (1996) THAT IF THE TWO PRICE SERIES ARE DISCOVERED TO BE COINTEGRATED, THEN THERE ARE VIABLE ERROR CORRECTION REPRESENTATIONS OF THE PRICE SERIES THAT CONTAIN BOTH SHORT-TERM DYNAMICS AND LONG-TERM INFORMATION. THE STUDY USES THE VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM) BECAUSE SPOT AND FUTURES PRICES ARE COINTEGRATED IN ORDER TO EXAMINE THE LEAD-LAG RELATIONSHIP, THE LONG- AND SHORT-RUN SPEED ALTERATION TOWARDS EQUILIBRIUM, OR THE LONG-RUN STEADY STATE (CAUSALITY), BETWEEN PFTS INDEX (UKRAINE) AND MOEX INDEX - (RUSSIA) STOCK MARKET PRICES OF SAMPLE VARIABLES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF ORGANIZATIONS IS RELATED TO ISLAM'S EMPHASIS ON ISLAMIC VALUES SUCH AS SOCIAL JUSTICE AND LIFE BALANCE, BY WHICH THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR HUMAN LIFE ARE PROVIDED. ACCORDING TO JURISPRUDENCE AND SHARIAH (ISLAMIC LAW) TEXTS, ISLAM'S MAIN GOAL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE IS TO ESTABLISH FAIRNESS IN SOCIETY, SO IT IS SAID THAT IN ISLAM THERE IS NO DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN MEMBERS OF SOCIETY, AND JUSTICE AND SECURITY FOR THE LIVES OF MEMBERS OF SOCIETY, THEIR PROPERTY AND WEALTH MUST ALWAYS BE ESTABLISHED. BE SOCIAL JUSTICE PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY, BUT IT SHOULD BE SEEN WHETHER THESE PROMISES HAVE BEEN FULFILLED OR IGNORED. IN THIS REGARD, IN THIS ARTICLE, FIRST, THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL-ISLAMIC RESPONSIBILITY OF BANKS IN IRAN IS EXAMINED COMPARED TO WHAT IS EXPECTED AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL, AND THEN, USING THE METHOD OF VARIANCE ANALYSIS, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF DISCLOSURE OF SOCIAL-ISLAMIC RESPONSIBILITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BANKS ARE STUDIED. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE BANKS IN IRAN DO NOT ADEQUATELY FULFILL THEIR SOCIAL-ISLAMIC RESPONSIBILITIES, AND THE FULFILLMENT OF THESE RESPONSIBILITIES DOES NOT AFFECT THEIR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]