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Travel-time connectivity is a key factor in defining a process of the spatial reorganization of man's functional establishments. A case study relating highway development with the growth in wholesale activity for selected cities in the upper midwest of the United States indicates that, aside from being a good surrogate of transport efficiency, travel-time connectivity is also a good measure of the relative advantage of a given place in attracting to itself the centralization and specialization of human activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of land use in an urban area imposes certain movement relationships. A study of nonresidential land uses was conducted in Perth, Scotland, in an attempt to analyze some of the land use-traffic generation relationships. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a functional relationship between land use and the volume of urban travel, and that it appears that location and the intensity of use of the land are also important variables in such a relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial variability in consumer attraction to retail firms may be considered a function of the location of individual retail establishments. A statistical analysis of spatial relationships of important locational considerations was conducted in the city of Waco, Texas. The results of the analysis indicate that location of competition and investment factors are extremely important considerations when attempting to explain differences in the number of consumers attracted to retail firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental internal conflict in the National Park Service mandate-"to conserve (the parks)... and provide for the enjoyment of the same," is well illustrated by the roads of Yellowstone National Park. Provisions must be made for sharply increasing park visitation. Yet, even the present solution of modernizing park roads is having an adverse effect on the natural environment Methods suggested to relieve traffic without increasing the number of traffic lanes, such as public transportation or converting the road system to one way traffic, are unrealistic for Yellowstone Park. However, by completely separating the opposing lanes of a four lane highway (double-tracking) a solution is possible which will adequately handle park traffic for several decades, preserve "park-type" roads, and interfere with park wilderness to a minimum degree.

The article focuses on the physical aspects of city planning. Physical factors are those which are inherent in or emanate most directly from the facts of the three-dimensional world. To simplify their exposition, physical factors are divided into three general categories, including long-range, medium-range, and short-range. Climatic changes, natural erosion and, the types and quantities of natural vegetation, all constitute the long range physical factors. Such long-range physical influences are as yet either so unresolved or involve such vast cycles of time that their greatest importance for town planning lies in their function as roots for deductions of more immediate relevance.