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With increasing pressure to cut carbon emissions and develop sustainability plans, companies need carbon credits to offset emissions that cannot be eliminated from their operations, new global carbon exchange to launch in Singapore by 2021 end, the high-quality credit can bridge this gap and play an important role in the overall climate change mitigation strategy. The purpose of this research is to use the production data (including carbon emissions) of paper-making companies in Taiwan to establish a circular economy mathematical programming model and the concept based on the activity cost method (ABC) to explore the impact of different carbon emissions costs (such carbon tax, carbon cap-and-trade, etc.) on the company's production structure and profitability impact. The research results show that different carbon emission cost models have different effects on the company's optimal product-mix and profitability. The managerial implication is to combine the extensive application of the carbon emission credit mechanism, which can offset the carbon emissions in the production process and have a significant impact on the company's sustainable competitiveness. In addition, this study can also enable decision makers to understand the impact of different carbon emission cost models on the profitability of the company's product mix, which can be used as a reference for production planning decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the business environment is stochastic, deterministic data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are typically used to measure the efficiency of commercial banks for the purpose of simplicity. Bank operations are characterized by a network structure due to the dual role of deposits, which, on the one hand, are the output of the process of borrowing funds from depositors and, on the other hand, are the input of the process of making loans. Since the outputs of the production process of the bank are correlated with its inputs, the model for measuring efficiency in this case is a stochastic program with correlated data. To take the correlation between the inputs and outputs into consideration, in this paper, a standard normal transformation is applied for the correlated data, and a network stochastic model is developed to obtain the distribution of the stochastic efficiency. The model is used to measure the efficiency of twenty-two commercial banks in Taiwan. The results are more reliable, discriminative, and informative than those obtained from the existing models. They also show that the performance of a bank is mainly affected by its loan performance. Different from the stereotype suggesting that private companies usually operate more efficiently than state-owned companies, public banks perform better than private banks in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specification of a product is frequently changed to satisfy new requirement from market buyers. To maintain market competitiveness, manufacturers must plan innovative production and sale strategies to achieve maximum benefit. This activity is known as innovative maintenance (IM). In this paper, we therefore consider a two-stage production-inventory model with replacement and imperfect component processes during which the components replacement is a common issue of IM. We then find the optimal production and sale strategies that minimize the total cost per unit time. An algorithm is proposed to find these optimal solutions. Finally, we quote two numerical examples from the Taiwan polyurethane industry to illustrate the proposed model and algorithm. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to obtain some managerial insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to use the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to build the resource and environment efficiency evaluation index system about economic zone on the west side of Taiwan Straits from the following three perspectives: the economic and social factors, resource using efficiency, and environmental pollution degree. It quantifies the weight of each index according to literature review and experts' opinions. Meanwhile, the reliability of the index system is validated from index data availability, standard availability and evaluation operability in order to improve resources and the environment efficiency of the economic zone. Finally, the conclusions can provide references for other regions to build the index system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving operating efficiency is one objective of internal controls (IC). This paper investigates the relationship between IC implementation and operating efficiency of universities. Using data from questionnaire survey and from the field, this study measures IC implementation and applies data envelopment analysis to estimate operating efficiency of 99 universities in Taiwan. The OLS regression results indicate that IC implementation has an insignificant association with teaching-related efficiency, but has a negative and significant association with research-related efficiency. Dividing the sample into public and private universities, the analysis indicates that for public universities, IC implementation has no significant association with any of the two measures of efficiency. But, for private universities, there is a positive and significant association between IC implementation and teaching-related efficiency. The association between IC implementation and research-related efficiency is negative and significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]