1. Prevalence of Risk of Malnutrition and Risk of Sarcopenia in a Reference Hospital for COVID-19: Relationship with Mortality
- Author
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Juan José López Gómez, Olatz Izaola, Emilia Gómez Hoyos, Angeles Castro, Sofía Del Amo, David Primo, Henar Riesgo, Maria Jesus San Ceferino, and D.A. de Luis
- Subjects
Male ,Sarcopenia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Logistic regression ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,Risk of mortality ,medicine ,Humans ,Mortality ,Pathological ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Malnutrition ,COVID-19 ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Hospitals ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Many elderly patients with COVID-19 are at risk of malnutrition. The aim of our study was to evaluate the risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia in elderly COVID-19 patients with the R-MAPP (Remote-Malnutrition APP). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 337 consecutive outpatients ≥65 years who attended the Central Emergency COVID-19 Hospital of Castilla y Leon was conducted. In all patients, the protocol of R-MAPP (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool [MUST] and Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia [SARC-F]) was realized. Results: The mean age was 86.1 ± 8.7 years, with a sex distribution of 167 males (49.5%) and 170 females (51.5%). According to the MUST test, patients with 0 points have a low nutritional risk (n = 50, 14.8%), 1 point a medium nutritional risk (n = 19, 5.6%), and 2 or more points a high nutritional risk (n = 268, 79.6%). The SARC-F questionnaire generates patients with 4 or more points as predictive of sarcopenia (n = 304, 80.2%) and n = 33, 9.8%). Global mortality was 24.03% (n = 81). The mortality rate was related to the pathological SARC-F score ≥4 (27.1% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.01) and MUST score ≥2 (26.7% vs. 16.4%; p = 0.04). In the logistic regression analysis, only the SARC-F score ≥4 remained as an independent variable related to mortality; odds ratio was 8.34 (95% CI: 1.1–63.8; p = 0.04), adjusted for age, sex, albumin levels, and MUST test. Conclusions: During COVID-19 infection, hospitalized patients at risk of sarcopenia have a high risk of mortality and have a poor nutritional status.
- Published
- 2021