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Aim: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked, progressive, lethal neuromuscular disorder affecting 1/3500 live-born males. Mutations occur in the dystrophin gene, which is located at Xp21.2. Partial gene deletions occur in two “hot-spot” regions, and can be responsible for up to 60-65% DMD cases, while 5-10% of the cases are caused from clustered gene duplications. Mutations can be inherited from female carriers (2/3) or be de-novo mutations (1/3). Deletions can be easily detected in affected males via multiplex PCR or MLPA. On the contrary, determining the status of female carriers is difficult. The aim of this study is to optimize the gene-dosage method using quantitative fluorescent PCR. Material and Methods: Fluorescently labeled primers are used for amplification and automated detection of amplicons and are designed in multiplex format. The primers contain eighteen exons located within “hot-spot” regions. A promoter region and STR markers are also included in the test as internal controls and for linkage analysis. This is followed by a PCR automated genetic analyzer for the detection of PCR products. This study includes twenty-four families, each with a previously diagnosed member. Results: Results showed the same correlation as was previously reported in nineteen patients, whereas three patients had an extra exon deletion and one patient had one less exon deletion than previously reported. In nineteen families, the mothers were carriers, and in five families, the mothers were not carriers. Conclusion: As a conclusion for carrier screening in DMD patients, quantitative fluorescent PCR is a fast, reproducible and robust method can be used for detection of deletions.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to find out the positive and negative effects of the pregraduation anatomy education received by academic staff working in the Faculty of Dentistry on their professions both as an educator and as a dentist. Material and Methods: The study was conducted through a questionnaire given to 19 academic staff at Uþak University Faculty of Dentistry. A 5-Likert type scale was used for the reliability of feedback. Results: Of the academic staff who participated in the study, 3 were research assistants, 13 were assistant professors, 1 was associate professor and 2 were professors. 84% of the academic staff who participated in the study stated that they “liked the anatomy course during their undergraduate education” and 95% stated that “the content of anatomy course was useful in professional sense”. 90% of the participants stated that “there should be an anatomy department in dentistry faculties”. Conclusion: We believe that these feedbacks we get from the academic staff participants will contribute to anatomy education given during undergraduate period in dentistry education.

Aim: In elderly individuals, infection control is, essential, especially in the presence of severe bacteria such as oral environment. Prevention of biofilm formation in removable dental prosthesis, which is often used in elderly patients might help infection control. This study aimed to evaluate the time-dependent effect of an enzymatic tablet on six microorganisms cultured in two different denture base resins.Material and Methods: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyamide-resin were used in this study. 480 samples were prepared for each resin, and denture cleanser tablet was tested against C.albicans, S.mutans, S.gordonii, A.actinomycetemcomitans, S.aureus, and E.coli for 3rd, 5th, 10th, 20th, 40th, 80th, 160th, and 200th minutes. Cell viability (CV) was evaluated by MTT. ANOVA was used for statistics. Results: C.albicans exhibited higher CV in polyamide-resin compared to PMMA-resin in all tested durations. S.gordonii and A.actinomycetemcomitans exhibited higher CV in PMMA-resin except for 80th minute-S.gordonii, which had similar values. S.mutans had a higher CV in PMMA-resin than polyamide-resin at 3rd, 5th, 10th, 160th, and 200th minutes, and other values were similar to polyamide-resin. The tested concentration killed more than 75% of microorganisms except for 3rd and 5th minute-C.albicans on resins. S.aureus and E.coli had similar. CV of microorganisms on PMMA-resin was higher than on polyamide-resin. All microorganisms exhibited different adherence on the resins.Conclusions: Tablet cleanser was effective in all microorganisms and durations and over 10-minute durations provided over 76% cell death. Patients with a compromised immune system can safely use restorations composed of polyamide-resin or PMMA-resin with 40 min-treatment of tablet cleanser.Keywords: Bacteria; candida albicans; cell survival; denture bases; denture cleansers.

Aim: Patients with head trauma are routinely, and commonly treated with prophylactic antibiotics, which may also be used for the treatment of infection that may be developed during hospital stay. The relevant antibiotic may, however, some side effects and adverse event. The present study aimed to investigate whether the side effects and adverse events of the prophylactic antibiotics were considered as a complication or medical negligence.Material and Methods: Descriptive statistics were used for the evaluation of the data.Results: No studies were found in the literature. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin-sulbactam, and cefazolin sodium were preferred for antibiotherapy. Meropenem or vancomycin was solely administered to patients when observed active pathogens in culture-antibiogram. Clinicians should be cautioned the potential side effects and adverse events of some drugs frequently used in clinics. Conclusion: Otherwise, they may legally be held liable for medical negligence.Keywords: Adverse effect; head trauma; human rights; malpractice; negligence; rational antibiotic use; right to health; side effect; professional liability.

Aim: To date, the main diagnostic tool for assessing the liver fibrosis stage has been liver biopsy. Despite the advantages in patient prognosis prediction and disease management, the application of liver biopsy is hampered by its limitations. The limitations of liver biopsy have led to a need for the development of a non- invasive scoring system that is simple to use, reliable, and cheap. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of APRI (AST to Platelet Ratio Index) and FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4) scores in the prediction of liver fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B patients.Material and Methods: A retrospective assessment was made of the electronic medical records to identify patients who underwent liver biopsy for evaluation of fibrosis related to CHB (Chronic Hepatitis B). A total of 352 patients were included in the study. Laboratory parameters that were measured within 7 days of the liver biopsy day were considered suitable for the calculation of the formulae. The APRI and FIB-4 scores was calculated. Liver biopsy reports, which were eligible for inclusion in the study, were assessed retrospectively. The fibrosis stage and histological acitvity index were used as previously described by Ishak. Analyses were performed using SPSS 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics 22, SPSS inc., an IBM Co., Somers, NY).Results: APRI was well correlated with fibrosis and HAI score (r=0.280, p0.05; r=0.22, p0.05) respectively. The FIB-4 correlation between fibrosis and HAI was significant (r=0.433, p0.05; r=0.34, p0.05) respectively.Conclusion: Inexpensive, non-invasive, and reliable fibrosis assessement models for CHC should be applied in clinical practice.Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B; liver fibrosis; APRI, FIB-4.

Aim: To investigate microalbuminuria in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to determine its relationship with the stages of the disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The reason for the death of these neurons is still unclear; however, studies have demonstrated the potential involvement of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum in contributing to cellular oxidative stress.Material and Methods: Thirty-two PD patients who admitted to Neurology Clinic of Kirikkale University’s Medical Faculty and 30 healthy volunteers whose age and sex-matched were included in the study. Urine creatinine and urine albumin levels were determined in patient and healthy groups. The disease duration and Hoehn and Yahr stages were recorded.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between urine creatinine, microalbumin, and urine creatinine/albumin ratios when PD patient results compared with the healthy volunteers’. There was no significant correlation among urine creatinine, microalbumin, and urine creatinine/albumin ratio between the disease duration and Hoehn and Yahr staging in patients with PD.Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is an indirect finding of oxidative stress in urine. In the current study, microalbuminuria was not detected in PD patients at various stages of the disease. It is an important finding that microalbuminuria, a marker of oxidative stress in the urine in PD, a disease in which oxidative stress plays a significant role in etiopathogenesis, is not found.Keywords: Hoehn and Yahr Scale;microalbumin; oxidative stress; Parkinson’s disease; Urine creatinine.

Aim: This study aimed to reveal the relationship between changes in Claudin-5 expression and the duration of healing in Achillestendon injury.Material and Methods: 18 Achilles tendons of Wistar-Albino rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 3 groups as 6 ratsin each group, group 1; sham group, group 2; tendon repair group (sacrificed after 3 weeks), group 3; tendon repair group (sacrificedafter 6 weeks). Immunohistochemically, the tendons were stained with Claudin-5 and the degree of staining with light microscopewas rated between 0 and 3. The obtained scores were compared with Kruskal Wallis test and Posthoc analysis.Results: The scores were 0.5 1 (0-1) in group 1.1 1 (1-2) in group 2 and 1.5 1 (1-2) in group 3. A statistically significantdifference was found between the groups (p 0.026). In the posthoc analyzes, there was a significant difference between group 1and 3, but there was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 and between groups 2 and 3.Conclusion: The expression of claudins is regulated by many factors, including hormones, various cytokines, and epithelialmesenchymaltransition-related transcription factors. In this study, the increase in the expression of Claudin-5 was noticed inproportion to the progress of primary wound healing. This relationship may be a part of the repair mechanism. The role of claudinlevels in intercellular passage is crucial for function as it is important for cell signaling. Achilles tendon healing can be attributed toa laboratory parameter such as claudin. This can help to understand the recovery rate and can help early return to work or sport.We believe that as a laboratory parameter Claudin-5 may be useful in the evaluation of tendon healing.

Aim: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance at distilled water and %5.25 NaOCl of immersed ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) file systems.Material and Methods: The ProTaper Gold F2 (25.06v taper) and ProTaper Universal F2 (25.06v taper) file systems were immersed in distilled water andNaOCl for 5 minutes. After immersion process files were rotated at artificial canal with 60O curvature and a 5-mm radius until fracture occurred. Time to fracture and fractured lengths were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically using independent t-tests. Statistical significance was set at P .05. Results: ProTaper Gold files had a significantly higher resistance to cyclic fatigue than ProTaper Universal files (P .05). When ProTaper Universal immersed in distilled water showed higher resistance to cyclic fatigue than immersed in NaOCl solution (P .05).Conclusion: ProTaper Gold system more resistant than ProTaper Universal system to cyclic failure. The effect of NaOCl were higher on the ProTaper Universal system.Keywords: Corrosion, cyclic fatigue; NaOCl; ProTaper Gold; ProTaper Universal.

Aim: the aim of this study was to describe musculoskeletel disorder (MSD) symptoms in nurses and etiological factors. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a government hospital in the West of Turkey between March and June 2018. the population was composed of the 608 nurses working in the hospital. All of the population were invited to participate, and the research sample was formed from the 498 nurses who met the research inclusion criteria (participation rate 82%). Data were collected by researchers with technique of face-to-face interviews, using a nurse descriptive form and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. the data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 16.0). Numbers, percentages, means and chi-squared tests were used in data analysis. the level of significance was set at 0.05. Result: the nurses’ mean age was 34.78±8.60 years (min: 18, max: 58) and most of them (75.5%) were females. the results showed that 87.3% of the nurses had reported MSDs symptoms in at least one body region during the past 12 months. the greatest prevalence of MSDs symptoms by body regions were in the lower back (78.5%), the back (74.9%), the knees (63.1%), the neck (61.2%) and the shoulders (59.6%). the study was found that MSDs symptoms were more frequently seen in those aged over 40, those who stated that their health was poor or very poor, those who had been working as nurses for more than 20 years, those with chronic illnesses, those who slept little, and those who worked more than eight hours a day or 40 hours a week (p

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective prognostic factors on recurrence and mortality in patients with differential thyroid cancer. Material and Methods: The effects of various parameters of demographic characteristics, the admission symptoms, physical examination, laboratory findings, pathological examination, and surgical method of 184 patients, who underwent surgery due to differential thyroid cancer between January 1986 and December 2009 in 4th General Surgical Clinic of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, on prognosis were examined. The information of the patients was obtained from automation system of the hospital and Thyroid Cancer Information and Follow-Up Form of 4th General Surgical Clinic of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital.Results: The sample group consisted of 172 papillary cancer patients and 12 follicular cancer patients. The mean age of the patients was 45.4 years (15-78). There were 159 (86.4%) female patients and 25 (13.6%) male patients. The mean follow-up period of 161 (87.5%) patients, who were followed up regularly, was 73.26 months (1-231). The mean recurrence period was 77.66 months (1-150). Mortality was observed in eight (4.3%) patients during their follow-up period. The mean life expectancy of those who died was 66.87 months (1-150 months).* Single variable analysis revealed that the T stage and pathologic final stage were effective on recurrence. Painful nodules and palpable lymph nodes in the neck and the papillary histological malignant subtype variant, as well as the presence of vascular and adjacent organ invasion, multicentricity, T stage, the lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and the clinical stage during the admission were identified to be effective on mortality.Conclusion: The risk of recurrence is high in DTC patients with high T stage and advanced pathologic stage. The rate of survival of those with multicentric tumors and advanced pathologic stage is low. Therefore, it is important for patients to be followed up closely within a postoperative multidisciplinary context.Keywords: Differential; thyroid; cancer; recurrence; mortality.

Aim: In the present study, our aim is to assess cancer patients receiving treatment in Outpatient Chemotherapy Unit in terms ofdemographic characteristics and life quality and to investigate the use of CAM methods and the factors affecting the use of suchmethods.Material and Methods: The sample of this descriptive study consists of 100 cancer patients treated in Outpatient ChemotherapyUnit. A questionnaire form was used in the study as a data collection tool. The questionnaire form prepared following the approvalof local ethical committee was applied to the patients admitted to oncology unit for outpatient chemotherapy.Results: 56% of patients were males and 44% of them were females. They were aged minimum 40 and maximum 89. 39% of patientshad breast cancer, 22% of them had colorectal cancer, 20% of them had lung cancer, 15% of them had prostate cancer, %2 of them haduterine (endometrium) cancer, and 2% of them had bladder cancer. 23 out of 100 patients in the sample used alternative treatmentmethods. 20 of them preferred herbal therapy while 3 of them used acupuncture. A great majority of patients resorting to alternativetreatment methods were housewives and had lung, breast or colorectal cancer. It was observed that less patients with urogenitalcancer resorted to CAM methods.Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was detected that 23% of cancer patients used one of the CAM methods, the most commonone being the herbal therapy. Physicians and other healthcare professionals must be knowledgeable about the effects and sideeffects of these treatment methods and must warn the cancer patients about their probable complications. Moreover, an interestingresult is that, in Turkey, cancer patients are not informed on their diagnosis by relatives and healthcare professionals.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the alterations in the nasal flora in patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Material and Methods: This prospective study included 30 patients diagnosed with CRSwNP who were resistant to medical treatment and recommended for surgery. The nasal cavity was sampled two times, first preoperatively on the day of operation and postoperatively in the 4th week. Patients were divided into two groups according to their culture results, including normal flora bacteria and potential pathogen production. Results: In the preoperative swab samples, 3 (11.1%) patients had no bacterial growth, 16 (59.3%) patients had a normal flora, and potential pathogens were detected in 8 (29.6%) patients. However, postoperatively, 3 (11.1%) patients had no bacterial growth, 13 (48.1%) patients had a normal flora, and potential pathogens were detected in 11 (40.7%) patients during the postoperative period. No significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative culture results in terms of the number of patients with normal flora, potential pathogens, and no bacterial growth (p=0.676). The most common microorganism in the normal flora group preoperative and postoperative period was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (77.8%, 51.9%, respectively), and the most common microorganism in the potential pathogen group was Staphylococcus aureus (18.5% and 25.9%, respectively). Comparing preoperative and postoperative culture results according to isolated potential pathogen microorganism types, no statistically significant difference was observed for any microorganism in the potential pathogen group (p>0.05).Conclusion: As a result, no correlation between nasal polyps’ surgery and potential pathogens was detected. Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis; culture; nasal polyps; flora; potential pathogens; bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus; coagulase; transnasal endoscopic surgery; pseodomanas.

Aim: This study investigates the total sternum length and the lengths of each part of the sternum using computed tomography (CT) images oriented orthogonally to reveal whether there are any significant gender differences with respect to these values.Material and Methods: Thin-section thorax CT images from 60 subjects (30F, 30M) between 20 and 40 years of age were used, oriented to the orthogonal plane using an image-processing program.The sternal angle (SA), manubrium length (ML), corpus length (CL), xiphoid processlength (XPL), total sternum length (TSL), manubrium-corpus length proportion (sternal index; SI), and the proportion of the three parts separate from the TSL were compared by gender.Results: The values of the ML (M: 5.36 cm, F: 4.76 cm), CL (M: 10.11 cm, F: 8.75 cm), and TSL (M: 19.18 cm, F: 16.28 cm) were longer in males (p0.05) than in females. No statistically significant difference was determined in the ratios of the XPL, SI, and sternum parts to the TSL (p0.05). The mean values of the SA in males and females were 161.4 and 160.51, respectively (p0.05). In an ROC analysis, the most significant measurement for gender determination was found to be the CL, and the linear discriminant analysis yielded a correct determination rate of 86% for males and 93% for females.Conclusions: Although metric measurements of the sternum could provide high accuracy rates in gender determination, to increase reliability, image analyses should be conducted in the orthogonal plane to remove errors that could be caused by the differences in orientation.

Aim: In this study we investigated the demographics and medical characteristics of acute stroke patients who applied to emergency department (ED) and were admitted to neurology department (ND). Material and Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. The patientsÂ’ medical records were reviewed; age, gender, diagnosis, comorbid diseases, previously anticoagulant treatment, brain computerized tomography reports, brain magnetic resonance imaging reports, hospitalized unit, length of hospital stay, vitamin B12 levels, electrocardiography recordings, and the outcome of patients. Results: In the including time of the study, 523 patients were hospitalized to the ND from ED. The patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) were 68.7% (n=357) of the hospitalized patients. The patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were 74.8 % (n=267) of the patients with CVD. In AIS, the most common comorbid disease was hypertension, followed by atrial fibrillation (AF). The rate of AF was 31% in AIS. AF was newly diagnosed in 46% (38 patients) of patients with AIS, and these patients had no anticoagulation therapy. Vitamin B12 levels were found to be low in 58 (21.7%) of AIS patients. Conclusion: A large number of patients with undiagnosed AF are diagnosed following AIS. Therefore, it is important that these patients should be followed closely for AF and its management, and it is also important to treat vitamin B12 deficiency to prevent stroke development.

Aim: Lumbar spine surgeries can be performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. We aimed to compare the effects of spinal and general anesthesia on intraoperative bleeding in patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery.Material and Methods: Fifty patients scheduled to undergo elective single-level lumbar discectomy under spinal or general anesthesia were studied. The amount of blood loss was calculated by subtracting the wash solutions from the amount in the aspirator reservoir and evaluating bleeding in the gauze used throughout the operation. The time between the first incision and the final suture was evaluated as the surgical time.Patients’demographic data, duration of surgery, amount of fluid given intraoperatively, intraoperative hemodynamic data, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative/postoperative ephedrine requirements , postoperative nausea and vomiting and the duration of stay in PACU were evaluated.Results: In group S, intraoperative blood loss was 203.00108.73 ml, while in group G it was 198.00106.40. There were no statistically difference between the groups (p0.884). Inthe duration of surgery, amount of fluid given intraoperatively, intraoperative ephedrine requirements was compared, there wereno difference between the groups too (p0.085, p0.056 and 0.448, respectively).Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that general and spinal anesthesia did not affect major parameters such as intraoperative bleeding in patients undergoing.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate whether there is a possible relationship between the preoperative and early postoperative period neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and post-dural-puncture headache in patients undergoing cesarean section.Material and Methods: Two hundred twenty pregnant women scheduled to undergo elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were studied. Patiens demografic data and blood count parameters were noted. Blood was sampled from a peripheral vein for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ve platelet/lymphocyte ratio. The time points for sampling blood were as follows: Preoperative; 1 day before and postoperative; within 6-12 hours after cesarean section. The patients were questioned for possible occurrence of spinal anesthesia induced headache on the first and seventh postoperative days. Post-dural puncture headache was evaluated according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) diagnostic criteria.Results: A total of 220 patients were enrolled in the study and 217 patients completed the investigation. Post-dural puncture headache was detected in 78 patients and the incidence was 35.9%. The measurements of laboratory parameters were statistically similar between two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Our study results showed no relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and post-dural-puncture headache in the preoperative and also, early postoperative period in patients who undergoing cesarean section.Keywords: Post-Dural-Puncture Headache; Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio; Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio; Cesarean Section.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of fragmented QRS (fQRS) wave to detect non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (Non-STEMI).Material and Methods: The study included patients who were diagnosed with Non-STEMI in emergency department and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in the cardiology clinic. Coronary artery circulation is anatomically divided as the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (V1-V5), the left Circumflex (LCx) (I, aVL and V5,V6) and the right coronary artery (RCA) (II, III and aVF).Results: Our study included 191 patients. Significant fQRS was detected in 139 (%73) patients and ST/T was detected in 79 (%41) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, of fQRS in the inferior leads to predict RCA lesionwas 76%, 46%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, of ST/T in the inferior leads to “predict RCA lesion was 12%, 93%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity of fQRS in the lateral leads to predict LCx lesion were 44% and 83%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity of ST/T in the lateral leads to predict LCx lesion were 34%, 74%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity of fQRS in the anterior leads to predict left LAD lesion were 34% and 82%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity of ST/T in the anterior leads to predict LAD lesion were 38%, and 81%, respectively.Conclusion: We have compared to fQRS and ST/T on ECG; fQRS has higher sensitivity than ST/T to predict culprit coronary artery lesion. Therefore, evaluation of fQRS in addition to ST/T on ECG may be more valuable in pre-diagnosis of Non-STEMI.

Aim: Telogen effluvium(TE) in women is a common problem in dermatology and has multiple etiologic causes. Low iron stores can be a possible contributing factor in TE. Although etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, many studies show remarkable associations between various diseases and ABO blood groups. Genomewide association studies have reported alleles in the ABO locus to be associated with ferritin levels. We had done this study with TE patients to detect serum ferritin levels and to find this relation between blood groups. Material and Methods: Healthy people and patients with TE were included in this study. A total of 103 females who have telogen effluvium and 125 controls were included. Results: ABO blood group and Rhesus factor distribution in patients with TE and distribution of healthy donors were similar. There haven’t any significant association between ferritin levels and blood groups in TE patients. Conclusion: There are many different causes in TE etiology, for this reason in our opinion, ferritin levels and other laboratory tests must be done. We conclude that there was no evocation between ABO blood groups, Rhesus factor and ferritin levels in TE, but this is the first study that can show this relationship and can be important for new studies which will be carried out in other centers with wider series.

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between stability criteria and complications in traumatic hip dislocations associatedwith posterior acetabular wall fracture.Material and Methods: The study retrospectively investigated 18 patients treated for posterior acetabulum fracture dislocation in the orthopedics and traumatology clinicfrom 2014-2017. All patients had wall defect, acetabular fracture index and coronal posterior acetabular arc angle (PAAA)assessed. Fracture types were determined according to Letournel’s definitions.Results: Preoperative radiological tests found the mean width of intact hip wall was 33.8 mm (range 31-39 mm), mean wall length in fracture hips was 13.7 mm (range 5-21 mm), and mean wall defect was measured as 59.1% (range 37.5-86%). When intact hips were assessed mean coronal PAAA was 54.2 degrees (range 41-65). For fractured hips, coronal PAAA was 18.2 degrees mean (range 6-29). Acetabular fracture index (AFI) was determined as mean 40.8 (range 14-62.5). Regarding complications in the postoperative period, one patient had avascular necrosis of the femoral head and 9 patients had osteoarthritis.Conclusion: Though Defect percentage, AFI and coronal PAAA values are important proven markers for stability, in our study there was no correlation identified with complications.

Aim: Frailty can be defined as reduced resistance capacity against the environmental stresses due to a cumulative decline in the physiological reserves of the subject. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) can be used to measure frailty. We aimed to calculate the prevalence of frailty in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and analyze some general features of those patients.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in general ICUs of a state hospital. Patients who were admitted between January 2016 and March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, “Clinical Frailty Scale” (CFS) score, clinical data and other patient results were recorded. Subsequently, patients were divided into two groups as frail (CFS5) and non-frail (CFS5) and then statistically compared.Results: A total of 1139 patients were included in the study. The frailty rate of patients aged 50 years and over was 54.7%. The median age of the frail group was significantly higher (78 vs 69 year; p0,0001). APACHE II, mechanical ventilation rate, and length of ICU stay were significantly higher in the frail group (25 vs 22; p0,0001 ve 69,8% vs 52%; p0,0001 ve 14 vs 11days; p0,007, respectively). Intensive care costs were also significantly higher in the frail group (1540 vs 1242 US Dollar; p0,019). The total mortality rate was 39.9%; in frail group. This rate was significantly higher than non-frail group (48,6% vs 29,3%; p0,0001). Frailty (CFS5) were shown to be an independent risk factor for mortality (p0.014, OR 1.464, 95% CI 1.081-1.982)Conclusion: We recommend the routine use of CFS, which is especially useful in predicting frailty and mortality in intensive care unit.