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Aim: Kidney transplantation is the most optimal end stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment. It is more advantageous treatment regard to both its effect on the patient's life quality or mortality. The number of patients who underwent or followed after renal transplant is constantly increasing while their survival becomes a topic more frequently. Different centers therefore report different survival rates in the post-transplantation process. In this study, the transplantation progress and the functional graft survival rates of the patients who have received renal transplants and are followed in our center and the factors which influence the survival rates are explored. Materials and Methods: The patients over 18 years old who applied to Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center Nephrology Department Policlinics who received transplants retrospectively analyzed. Results: While the median for the functional graft period of the patients were 60 months, the longest was found to be 240 months. The grafts of our 77% patients are functional, while 3.7% are exitus with functional graft due to various reasons. 5.3% of the patients received HD again, 3% started PD and 1.3% underwent retransplantation. Conclusion: While the number of transplants are increasing day by day in Turkey, studies on the long term functional graft survival results and the patients' pre- and posttransplant characteristics are limited and there is not much literature data related to Turkey. We aimed to contribute to the literature with our data. Also, the duration of ESRD increases, the lower is the functional graft time significantly. The preferred ESRD treatment should, therefore, be renal transplantation. Renal transplants could be preferred in suitable patients or donors of advanced age, and transplant age spectrum could be extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: According to reasons for admission, unnecessary patient population increases burden on emergency services and prevents real emergency patients from receiving medical care. Emergency departments frequently encounter acts of violence in various forms as a result of uncontrolled anger. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate anger levels and associated factors in patients presenting to the hospital emergency department. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who presented to the emergency department of the hospital. The sample size was calculated as 320 using the minimum sampling size formula used when there are an unknown number of individuals in a system. The questionnaire form comprised of two sections. The first section included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and various emergency situations; in the second section, the Anger Expression Scale and State-Trait Anger Scale, in which validity and reliability for our country was conducted by Özer (1994), was used. When analyzing the data, student’s t-test and one-way variance analysis test was used for independent samples. Results: The mean age of the individuals who participated in the study was 39.08±18.09 years. While 59.1% of patients preferred emergency admission due to fast medical care, 44.7% had a condition that required emergency assistance. In the comparison of mean state-trait anger and anger expression scores according to degree of urgency, mean state-trait anger scores were 21.75±5.42 in very urgent patients, 20.48±4.80 in urgent patients, and 20.25±5.96 in non-urgent patients (p>0.05); mean anger expression subscores were 18.07±2.88 in very urgent patients, 17.09±2.80 in urgent patients, and 16.47±3.04 in non-urgent patients. Conclusion: Parallel to increased urgency, it was observed that state-trait anger levels were increased and anger expression subdimension was more frequently used. This suggests that individuals worrying about their health will be angrier and reflect their anger to those around them more often. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare pregnancy and neonatal results with regards to the thickness of the suture material used in the transvaginal cerclage operation. Materials and Methods: Patients who were subject to transvaginal cervical cerclage due to cervical insufficiency were evaluated in a secondary care center between 2103 and 2021 retrospectively. The demographic data, cerclage indications (ultrasound induced, prophylactic, or physical examination induced), number of pregnancy weeks at cerclage, type of cerclage suture (prolene, mersilene), type of cerclage (McDonald, Shirodkar), total pregnancy weeks, delivery method (cesarean (C/S), normal spontaneous vaginal delivery) of each patient were recorded. Additionally, birth weight, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requirements were recorded as neonatal parameters. Patients were divided into two groups with regard to the type of cerclage suture (mersilene or prolene) and maternal, neonatal and pregnancy results were compared between these groups. Results: The study included 151 patients in total. Prolene sutures were used for 69 of the patients (45.7%) and mersilene sutures for 82 patients (54.3%) Cerclage was applied for 18 patients (11.9%) depending on the ultrasound findings, 121 patients (80.1%) depending on emergency and 12 patients (7.9%) depending on history. Gravida increased significantly in the prolene suture group (p=0.021). Pregnancy week was found to be significantly lower in the mersilene suture group [32.5 w (15-40)] compared to the prolene suture group [37.0 w (15-41)] [37.0 w (15-41)](p<0.001). Ratios of birthing below 34 weeks and 37 weeks for the mersilene suture group were found as 57.3% and 80.5%, and for the prolene suture group 11.6% and 40.6% respectively, and a statistically significant difference was observed (p<0.001). Fetal weight, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores in the mersilene suture group were significantly lower (p<0.05). Ratios of newborn intensive care requirements and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in the mersilene suture group were found to be significantly higher compared to the prolene suture group (p=0.016, p<0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Although mersilene suture is more preferred, its supply is not always possible in emergency situations. Therefore, the prolene suture should be kept in mind as an even stronger cerclage suture option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To predict the presence of COVID-19 by readily available hematological and biochemical tests. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 children with signs indicative of COVID-19 (28 PCR positives for SARS-CoV2 and 30 negatives) were included in this retrospective study. Clinical and laboratory parameters have been compared between these groups. Results: White blood cell counts, RDW, MPV, NLR, PLR, LDH and CRP values were found to be higher in pediatric patients with positive PCR tests than children with negative PCR tests (p<0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between CRP and NLR (r=.566, p<0.001), CRP and PLR (r=.462, p<0.001). Conclusion: CRP, NLR and PLR, which are frequently used as inflammation markers, can help predict PCR positivity for SARS-CoV2. These easy-to-use tests can guide diagnosis in countries where access to PCR tests is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Neural tube defects (NTD) occur due to errors in the closing of neural canal in embryo. All over the world, the incidence of all forms of NTD varies between 1.4 and 2 in every 1000 live births. The aim of the present study was to investigate the short term prognosis, accompanying anomalies and complications in patients with NTD and to evaluate the relation between defect sizes. Material and Methods: Patients who applied to Inonu University Neonatology Department between January 2010 and December 2017 with the diagnosis of NTD and were operated on were included in the study. Babies who died within the first 24 hours were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the size of NTD; < 5 cm (Group 1) and ≥ 5 cm (Group 2). Approval for the study was obtained from local ethics committee. Results: Overall 133 infants were included in the study. Mean birth weight was 3155 ± 531 g and mean duration of pregnancy was on 38.1 ± 1.8 weeks. Of NTD’s 82% was located in lumbosacral region. 90.2% of the patients underwent operation within the first 24 hours. Parameters such as hydrocephalus, need for shunt, need for flap in tissue defects, the rate of postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, mortality and the use of antibiotics were found to be at a higher rate in cases whose defect size was ≥5 cm than in those whose defect size was < 5 cm (p < 0.005). Postoperative complications developed in 48.1% of the patients. The most common complications were observed to be cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (24.1%) and bladder dysfunction (7.5%). Conclusion: In patients with NTD, as the size of the defect increases, additional interventions, complications, hospitalization rates and mortality increase as well. Therefore, it is recommended that health care personnel should take care against problems in the management of this group of patients and inform familes beforehand on these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Bone-borne rapid maxillary expander (RME) is one of the latest expander designs being used for skeletal expansion by applying forces through palatal mini-screws. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate soft tissue facial changes following RME using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 subjects (6 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 12.1±1.4 years who underwent upper arch expansion using bone-borne RME as a component of their orthodontic therapy were recruited in this retrospective study. 3D facial images (3dMD Ltd, Atlanta, Ga) generating 3D soft tissue meshes before expansion (T0), immediately after expansion (T1), and after a 3-month retention phase (T2) were used to capture facial scans of 15 subjects. Based on twenty-three landmarks, 10 linear measurements were made from each of 3D images. Comparisons of measurements at 3 different times were evaluated with one-way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (p < 0.05). Results: Statistically significant changes were observed in the mouth (chr-chl) and nasal (alr-all) width in T0-T1 and T0-T2. No significant differences were found in the upper and lower face heights, total face height, upper and lower lip heights, upper and lower vermillion heights and intercanthal width. Conclusion: Significant increases in mouth and nose width were obtained by bone-borne RME. These changes remained stable for 3 months. 3D stereophotogrammetric facial imaging method is an easy and non-invasive method that can be used to analyze the changes of facial soft tissues after RME treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Adequate vitamin D levels may reduce the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) development and progress. It is believed that a number of genes cause the disease, including the genes that function on vitamin D metabolism, although information about the role of the said genes is quite contradictory. We aimed to investigate the status of serum vitamin D and ApaI, FokI, and BsmI gene polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor in Turkish MS patients with different types and severities of the disease. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into three groups in accordance with the types of MS: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and primary progressive MS (PPMS). Serum D vitamin level was studied, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications were performed by designing primers suitable for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene regions in which FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), and ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphisms are localized. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was utilized to determine the disability status of MS patients. Results: Although vitamin D levels were inadequate in MS patients and controls, the mean serum vitamin D level of MS patients was significantly higher than the controls (p<0.05). There was a statistically signifcant correlation with A/A, C/C, and A/C genotypes in SPMS patients and with ApaI A/A and A/C genotypes in PPMS patients. The rate of the EDSS score in the range of 0-6 was significantly higher in MS patients with BsmI G/G genotype in comparison with the other genotypes (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the Turkish population, while all alleles of the ApaI gene are associated with SPMS, the A/A and A/C alleles of ApaI are related to PPMS, and the BsmI G/G genotype may be associated with less disability in MS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) assessment of ultrasonography and/or mammography according to US-guided core needle biopsy. Materials and Methods: 463 patients who had ultrasonography and/or mammography imaging and subsequent US-guided core needle biopsy between June 2011 and June 2020 in the Radiology Departments of two different centers in our town were studied retrospectively. BI-RADS assessment of ultrasonography and/or mammography were compared with histopathological diagnoses. When both examination existed, the higher score was determined as the final BIRADS category. The diagnostic efficiency of ultrasonography and/or mammography for determining malignancy were calculated. Results: Of the 463 lesions 222 (47.9%) were malignant and 241(52.1%) were benign. Based on ultrasonographic examination, malignancy was observed in 5 of the 86 (5.8%), 89 of 178 (50%), 4 of 63 (6.3%), 26 of 26 (100%) and 86 of 86 (100%), cases reported as BI-RADS 3, 4, 4A, 4C and 5. Based on mammography results, all of 50 masses (100%) classified as BI-RADS 5 and 38 of 47 masses (80.8%) classified as BI-RADS 4 were malignant. The frequency of malignancy in BI-RADS 3 masses was 5.8% based on ultrasonographic examination and 0.7% with both modalities. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for ultrasonography were 92.2, 61.0, 69.1, 89.2, and 76.2%; for mammography were 96.7, 41.1, 89.8, 70.0, and 88.0%; for combined radiological evaluation were 99.5, 53.5, 66.3, 99.2 and 75.5% respectively. Conclusion: When mammography and ultrasonography were evaluated together, the rate of malignancy in BIRADS 3 lesions decreased from 5.8% (only ultrasonography) to 0.7%. In addition, sensitivity and negative predictive value increased statistically significantly (p<0.001). This finding showed the importance of the co-evaluation of mammography and ultrasonography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) meningitis is a state diffcult to treat with a high mortality rate, since antibiotics have low CSF penetration level and antibiotic resistance is frequently encountered. Multidrug-resistance is common in hospital-acquired A. baumannii infections, and in these cases, colistin treatment is frequently used as the last option. Colistin-resistant A. baumannii infections are reported in recent years. We present a case of preterm newborn who developed extensively drug-resistant (carbapenem and colistin resistance) A. baumannii meningitis after ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. Although not approved in children, combined intravenous treatment including tigecycline, meropenem and colistin provides clinical and bacteriological recovery in colistin and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii meningitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Chronic otitis media is a common disease characterized by a tympanic membrane perforation and conductive hearing loss. Tympanoplasty is performed to provide a healthy middle ear and to create an intact eardrum. In recent years, endoscopic tympanoplasty has become more popular for the repair of the tympanic membrane. This method saves time for the surgeon and provides a comfortable opportunity for the patient. Endotracheal intubation (ET) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) are two different airway systems used in general anesthesia. It is known that LMA provides shorter operating times for surgeries requiring general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic tympanoplasty in patients who underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty with LMA or ET anesthesia, and to compare this method that regards to graft success rates. We also investigated the duration of surgery and operation time, and pain scores in both groups. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included the patients who were performed endoscopic type 1 tympanoplasty with tragal cartilage graft. Visual evaluation of eardrums and audiologic datas of the patients were performed. The cases with cholesteatoma and/or ossicular chain problem were not included to study. Patients were evaluated in two different groups as LMA and endotracheal tube (ET) group. Preoperatively perforation types and audiological data; intraoperatively operation and surgical times; postoperatively 3th month surgical success, pain scores and audiological results were recorded in each group. And these results were evaluated statistically to compare the differences between LMA and ET group. Results: Ninety-three patients were included in the study and 36 of them underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty with LMA and 57 patients with ET. The surgery time was similar in both groups (p> 0.05), but the operation time was statistically signifcantly shorter in the LMA group (p <0.05). Graft success rates and hearing gain were higher in the LMA group but not statistically signifcant. Conclusions: We observed that endoscopic tympanoplasty with LMA or ET had similar surgery time, graft success rate, and pain scores, but total operation time was signifcantly shorter in the LMA group. As a result, LMA can be considered as a suitable method for endoscopic tympanoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a new type of coronavirus that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has affected nearly all countries worldwide. More than 5 million global cases have been reported to date. As first the case was identified in China in December 2019; then Turkey started reporting cases in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and especially leads to morbidity and mortality in elderly and chronically ill patients. In children, fewer and milder infections have been reported. There are 3 cases reported in the neonatal period so far in the literature. We have observed that the literature does not contain any newborn cases reported from our country. We report the first neonatal case of COVID-19 from Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Anemia is defined as a reduction in the red blood cell mass or blood hemoglobin concentration. Complete blood count (CBC) analyses provide comprehensive information with regard to the classification of anemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence and remind the possible etiologies of anemia in our province using CBC analyses. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a secondary healthcare center in northern Turkey. A total of 2578 healthy children enrolled. Their sociodemographic features, clinical history, and CBC results were retrospectively reviewed from the hospital records. According to CBC analyses, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and red cell distribution width (RDW) levels were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of anemia in the whole study population was 27.6% (n=713). When stratified according to the age subgroups of the study, the prevalances varied between 21.3% and 41.2%. Among the anemic patients, 42.9% (n=306) had microcytic, 56.1% (n=400) had normocytic and 1% (n=7) had macrocytic anemia Conclusion: The prevalance of anemia was >20% in all the age groups, revealing that anemia is a significant public health problem in our province. Detailed analysis of the CBC provides comprehensive information regarding the classification of anemia. It saves time and money for well−child follow up by facilitating the direct application of etiologic tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rarely seen form of glioblastoma. These tumors are mostly seen in males older than 60 years of age. It is extremely rare in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In this case report, we present a 3-year-old boy with a giant gliosarcoma. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathologic findings are discussed. A 3 year-old boy with a clinically diagnosed NF-1 was admitted to the emergency department with a complaint of intractable vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was suggestive of a large lobulated mass lesion in the left parietal lobe extending to the vertex and slightly compressing the left lateral ventricle. The final histopathologic diagnosis of the tumor was considered as gliosarcoma. To our knowledge, this case constitutes the first youngest case with neurofibromatosis type 1 reported in the literature in all pediatric cases of GS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Gastric carcinoma is the fourth most common carcinoma worldwide. The relationships established between the tumor morphology and the prognosis have not been very effective until recent times. Poorly Differentiated Clusters (PDCs); are structures those can be easily identified in H&E sections. A new grading system based on PDC count has been studied in colorectal carcinoma; and found to be associated with prognosis. We have aimed to investigate this concept in gastric carcinoma. Material and Methods: Our study included 80 cases, consisting of 16 females and 64 males having gastric carcinoma with intestinal morphology. For each case; conventional grade, PDC grade and prognostic parameters to be applied in the study were determined, and statistically compared. Results: Significant discrepancy was found between the two grading systems. PDC tumor grades were statistically related to; median metastatic lymph node counts, metastatic lymph node ratios, lymph node stages (pN) and the presence of perineural invasion. Conclusion: In stomach carcinoma; PDC grading system was found to be related to a significant part of the expected parameters and may have a prognostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Our objective is comparing the physical examination and radiological imaging (lateral nasal x-ray and computed tomography (CT)) methods for diagnosis in patients admitted to the emergency department due to nasal trauma and referring them to the department of otolaryngology. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the physical examination and radiological imaging (lateral nasal radiography, paranasal CT) of 64 patients who were admitted to our hospital emergency department between October 2016 and October 2018 due to isolated nasal trauma and consulted to the department of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Results: Of the 64 patients who participated in the study, 51 were male and 13 were female. While nasal fracture was detected in 56 patients, nasal fracture was not observed in 8 patients. As a result of our study, the rate of detecting nasal fracture only by physical examination was 41%, 73.2% by lateral nasal radiography, and 85.7% by physical examination and lateral nasal radiography. With paranasal CT, nasal fracture was diagnosed in all patients. Paranasal CT was found to be statistically significantly more successful in detecting nasal fracture compared to physical examination and direct nasal radiograph findings (p = 0.002). Conclusion: As a result; physical examination and lateral nasal radiography provide useful information for diagnosis, but paranasal CT was the best diagnostic method in the diagnosis of nasal fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the cleft palate cases in our neonatal clinic and to examine the associated clinical features, predisposing factors, accompanying anomalies, additional findings, treatment approaches and follow-up results. Material and Methods: The study included babies that were diagnosed with cleft palate in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2014 and December 2018. The etiological risk factors, demographic characteristics, clinical features and concomitant malformations of the patients included in the study were retrospectively recorded from the patient files and the database system of our hospital. Results: A total of 70 cleft palate patients were observed over a five year period. Of these, 30 (42.9%) were female and 40 (57.1%) were male. The mean gestational age was 38 ± 2.9 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2845 ± 700 grams. 77.1% of the patients were found to additionally have cleft lips. 27 patients (38.5%) had cardiac defects, 18 (25.7%) had central nervous system anomalies and 4 (5.7%) had hypothyroidism. 24 (34.3%) of the parents were consanguineous. The median age at the time of the initial operation was 13 months for cleft palate cases and 5 months for cleft lip cases. Conclusion: As a result, treatment and follow-up of patients with cleft palate defect requires a multidisciplinary approach. These patients should undergo a thorough examination and evaluation. Since many syndromes or malformations may accompany the palate defects, these cases should be investigated with respect to genetic disease and other system anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to experimentally investigate the protective effects of melatonin in the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Material and Methods: Ten Wistar-albino rats were included in the study. Two equal groups were generated randomly as cisplatin and melatonin groups. Rats' underwent Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) testing before the drug administration and the results were recorded. Both tests were repeated 72 hours after the cisplatin administration in all rats. Results: Significant difference was found between the I-IV interval values before the treatment and after the treatment both in cisplatin and melatonin group. As well as the significant difference in hearing threshold value changes, statistically, significant differences in ABR-I and ABR-IV interval variations were also seen between the cisplatin and melatonin groups. A statistically significant decrease was found between the initial and final control SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) levels within the cisplatin group in the evaluations at 2000Hz, 3000Hz and 4000Hz. Statistically, significant differences were observed between SNR levels when the melatonin group was compared with the cisplatin group. Conclusion: Melatonin appears to reduce cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. Although, the use of supplementary therapies targeting to reduce the toxic effects in clinical studies is still a controversial point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding with own mother's milk on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other preterm morbidities in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Materials and Methods: VLBW infants followed in our unit were divided into three groups according to their predominantly feeding type such as own mother's milk group (MM), preterm formula group (PF) and mix fed group (MxF) in the first postnatal month. Groups were compared regarding demographic and clinical features including BDP. Results: The mean birth week of 117 VLBW infants was 29.3 ± 2.1 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1115 ± 265 g. Seventy seven infants were in the MM group, 17 infants were in the PF group and 23 infants were in the MxF group. There was a significant decrease in BPD incidence in the MM group compared to infants in the PM group (p=0.03). The frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were found to decrease in the MM group when compared with other infants. Conclusion: The incidence of BPD decreases in VLBW infants fed with their own mother's milk compared to VLBW infants fed with formula. Also besides feeding with mother's milk may contribute to a decrease in the frequency of severe IVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this case report, we aimed to present an 18-year-old male patient who had ruptured testicle after severe testicular trauma that developed due to a motorcycle accident. An eighteen-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency service after a motorcycle accident. There were open fractures in the left arm and left leg. The scrotum was ruptured, both testicles were outside, and the right testicle was ruptured. The patient was underwent emergency surgery for intraabdominal hemorrhage and liver laceration by general surgery. Also urology joined the operation. Urology carried out right orchiectomy and left testicular fixation on the patient. Although rupture of testicles is a rare condition, it may accompany the diagnosis in patients with multiple traumas. Early urology consultation should be sought to be able to save testicles and minimize complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a technique which is use to give vitally mandatory substances in to the venous compartments whenever the gastrointestinal system cannot be used by the patients. Telomerase catalyzes DNA synthesis, which is necessary to maintain telomere length and stabilize the genome to allow continued cell proliferation. In this study, we explored the effects of TPN administration on telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression in various tissue and serum telomerase level. Material and Methods: In this study a number of 42 same-aged albino, equal number of male and female, new zealand rabbits were use, divided in to three groups. Group 1 rabbits received TPN for 10 days via a central venous catheter. Group 2 received 50 mL/ kg/day physiological saline via a central venous catheter. Group 3 served as the control group. The rabbits were sacrificed after 10 days, and serum telomerase levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TERT expression in gonadal, liver, jejunum, and skin tissues were determined immunohistochemically. Blood samples were obtained before and after TPN and saline administration in the TPN and serum saline groups, respectively, and at the end of the experiment in the control group. Results: Telomerase expression in liver, gonads and serum level of TPN group was significantly higher than control and serum saline groups. Conclusion: TPN may be a positive effect in liver and gonadal telomer kinetic. However, we think that TPN increases DNA damage throughout the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]