Search

Background: Initial findings from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Sodium Trial demonstrated that reduction of sodium intake in two different diets decreased blood pressure in participants with and without hypertension. Objective: To determine effects on blood pressure of reduced sodium intake and the DASH diet in additional subgroups. Design: Randomized feeding study. Setting: Four clinical centers and a coordinating center. Participants: 412 adults with untreated systolic blood pressure of 120 to 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 80 to 95 mm Hg. Intervention: Participants followed the DASH diet or a control (typical U.S.) diet for three consecutive 30-day feeding periods, during which sodium intake (50, 100, and 150 mmol/d at 2100 kcal) varied according to a randomly assigned sequence. Body weight was maintained. Measurements: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results: In all subgroups, the DASH diet and reduced sodium intake were each associated with significant decreases in blood pressure; these two factors combined produced the greatest reductions. Among nonhypertensive participants who received the control diet, lower (vs. higher) sodium intake decreased blood pressure by 7.0/3.8 mm Hg in those older than 45 years of age (P< 0.001) and by 3.7/1.5 mm Hg in those 45 years of age or younger (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The DASH diet plus reduced sodium intake is recommended to control blood pressure in diverse subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic pain is common, disabling, and costly. Few clinical trials have examined cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions embedded in primary care settings to improve chronic pain among those receiving long-term opioid therapy.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a group-based CBT intervention for chronic pain.Design: Pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02113592).Setting: Kaiser Permanente health care systems in Georgia, Hawaii, and the Northwest.Participants: Adults (aged ≥18 years) with mixed chronic pain conditions receiving long-term opioid therapy.Intervention: A CBT intervention teaching pain self-management skills in 12 weekly, 90-minute groups delivered by an interdisciplinary team (behaviorist, nurse, physical therapist, and pharmacist) versus usual care.Measurements: Self-reported pain impact (primary outcome, as measured by the PEGS scale [pain intensity and interference with enjoyment of life, general activity, and sleep]) was assessed quarterly over 12 months. Pain-related disability, satisfaction with care, and opioid and benzodiazepine use based on electronic health care data were secondary outcomes.Results: A total of 850 patients participated, representing 106 clusters of primary care providers (mean age, 60.3 years; 67.4% women); 816 (96.0%) completed follow-up assessments. Intervention patients sustained larger reductions on all self-reported outcomes from baseline to 12-month follow-up; the change in PEGS score was -0.434 point (95% CI, -0.690 to -0.178 point) for pain impact, and the change in pain-related disability was -0.060 point (CI, -0.084 to -0.035 point). At 6 months, intervention patients reported higher satisfaction with primary care (difference, 0.230 point [CI, 0.053 to 0.406 point]) and pain services (difference, 0.336 point [CI, 0.129 to 0.543 point]). Benzodiazepine use decreased more in the intervention group (absolute risk difference, -0.055 [CI, -0.099 to -0.011]), but opioid use did not differ significantly between groups.Limitation: The inclusion of only patients with insurance in large integrated health care systems limited generalizability, and the clinical effect of change in scores is unclear.Conclusion: Primary care-based CBT, using frontline clinicians, produced modest but sustained reductions in measures of pain and pain-related disability compared with usual care but did not reduce use of opioid medication.Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The main 6-month results from the PREMIER trial showed that comprehensive behavioral intervention programs improve lifestyle behaviors and lower blood pressure. Objective: To compare the 18-month effects of 2 multicomponent behavioral interventions versus advice only on hypertension status, lifestyle changes, and blood pressure. Design: Multicenter, 3-arm, randomized trial conducted from January 2000 through November 2002. Setting: 4 clinical centers and a coordinating center. Patients: 810 adult volunteers with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure, 120 to 159 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure, 80 to 95 mm Hg). Interventions: A multicomponent behavioral intervention that implemented long-established recommendations (established"); a multicomponent behavioral intervention that implemented the established recommendations plus the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (established plus DASH"); and advice only. Measurements: Lifestyle variables and blood pressure status. Follow-up for blood pressure measurement at 18 months was 94%. Results: Compared with advice only, both behavioral interventions statistically significantly reduced weight, fat intake, and sodium intake. The established plus DASH intervention also statistically significantly increased fruit, vegetable, dairy, fiber, and mineral intakes. Relative to the advice only group, the odds ratios for hypertension at 18 months were 0.83 (95% Cl, 0.67 to 1.04) for the established group and 0.77 (Cl, 0.62 to 0.97) for the established plus DASH group. Although reductions in absolute blood pressure at 18 months were greater for participants in the established and the established plus DASH groups than for the advice only group, the differences were not statistically significant. Limitations: The exclusion criteria and the volunteer nature of this cohort may limit generalizability. Although blood pressure is a well- accepted risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the authors were not able to assess intervention effects on clinical cardiovascular events in this limited time and with this sample size. Conclusions: Over 18 months, persons with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension can sustain multiple lifestyle modifications that improve control of blood pressure and could reduce the risk for chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article recommends ways of protecting the security of health care system data used in embedded research from potential harm that may be caused by data sharing. Topics discussed include the ways in which health facilities or health care systems may be harmed by careless data sharing practices, the potential structures for data sharing in embedded research and the questions that should be asked before deciding on what technical and governance model will be used for data sharing.

Information about several topics discussed at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) State-of-the-Science Conference Statement in the U.S. is presented. Topics include family history for common diseases, health improvement, and medical research. The panel of the conference outlined several guide questions related to the above mentioned topics and concluded that family history plays an important role in medicine practice and can prompt positive lifestyle changes.

Background: The main 6-month results from the PREMIER trial showed that comprehensive behavioral intervention programs improve lifestyle behaviors and lower blood pressure.Objective: To compare the 18-month effects of 2 multicomponent behavioral interventions versus advice only on hypertension status, lifestyle changes, and blood pressure.Design: Multicenter, 3-arm, randomized trial conducted from January 2000 through November 2002.Setting: 4 clinical centers and a coordinating center.Patients: 810 adult volunteers with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure, 120 to 159 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure, 80 to 95 mm Hg).Interventions: A multicomponent behavioral intervention that implemented long-established recommendations ("established"); a multicomponent behavioral intervention that implemented the established recommendations plus the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet ("established plus DASH"); and advice only.Measurements: Lifestyle variables and blood pressure status. Follow-up for blood pressure measurement at 18 months was 94%.Results: Compared with advice only, both behavioral interventions statistically significantly reduced weight, fat intake, and sodium intake. The established plus DASH intervention also statistically significantly increased fruit, vegetable, dairy, fiber, and mineral intakes. Relative to the advice only group, the odds ratios for hypertension at 18 months were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.67 to 1.04) for the established group and 0.77 (CI, 0.62 to 0.97) for the established plus DASH group. Although reductions in absolute blood pressure at 18 months were greater for participants in the established and the established plus DASH groups than for the advice only group, the differences were not statistically significant.Limitations: The exclusion criteria and the volunteer nature of this cohort may limit generalizability. Although blood pressure is a well-accepted risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the authors were not able to assess intervention effects on clinical cardiovascular events in this limited time and with this sample size.Conclusions: Over 18 months, persons with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension can sustain multiple lifestyle modifications that improve control of blood pressure and could reduce the risk for chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]