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Objective: To determine, through structured methodologic review of published articles, the effectiveness of short-course (< or = 2 weeks) antibiotic therapy for catheter-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia., Data Sources: English-language publications on catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia identified using MEDLINE (1966 to the present) and bibliographic review of relevant articles and textbooks., Study Selection: Any study reporting outcome data for patients with catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia who were treated with short-course therapy., Data Extraction: Epidemiologic criteria were applied to assess the quality of protection provided by each study against four important types of biases. In addition, the statistical precision of each study was assessed., Data Synthesis: Eleven studies were identified. Reported late complication rates varied from 0% to 29%; the pooled estimate of the late complication rate was 6.1% (95% Cl, 2.0% to 10.2%). Ten of the 11 studies were uncontrolled. Only three provided adequate protection against treatment allocation bias. None of the studies adequately defined the illness under study, and only four provided adequate follow-up. The relapse rates in all 11 studies had low statistical precision. The complication and mortality rates for catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia when published data were pooled, regardless of duration of therapy, were 24% and 15%, respectively., Conclusions: The available data regarding the safety of short-course therapy for catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia are potentially flawed by both bias and statistical imprecision. The optimal duration of treatment remains unknown. Short-course therapy should be viewed with caution in treating this serious infection until randomized trials determine the comparative rates of late complication.

Objective: To validate a previously reported discriminant rule for predicting mortality in adult patients with primary community-acquired pneumonia and to determine which factors available at hospital admission predict a fatal outcome among such patients., Design: Historical cohort study., Setting: University hospital., Patients: Adults admitted to the hospital for community-acquired pneumonia., Measurements: Using stepwise logistic regression, we analyzed prognostic factors (data available at admission and recorded in the medical record) that showed a univariate association with mortality. The predictive values of three discriminant rules were measured to validate the results of a previous study., Main Results: Of 245 patients, 20 (8.2%) died. Of 42 prognostic factors identified in previous studies, 8 were associated with mortality, but only a respiratory rate of 30/min or more, a diastolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg or less, and a blood urea nitrogen of more than 7 mmol/L remained predictive in the multivariate analysis. A discriminant rule composed of these three variables was 70% sensitive and 84% specific in predicting mortality, yielding an overall accuracy of 82%., Conclusion: Tachypnea, diastolic hypotension, and an elevated blood urea nitrogen were independently associated with death from pneumonia in our study, confirming the value of a previously reported discriminant rule from the British Thoracic Society. This rule may be useful in triage decisions because it identifies high-risk patients who may benefit from special medical attention.