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In this paper, we provide new rigidity results for four-dimensional Riemannian manifolds and their twistor spaces. In particular, using the moving frame method, we prove that C P 3 is the only twistor space whose Bochner tensor is parallel; moreover, we classify Hermitian Ricci-parallel and locally symmetric twistor spaces and we show the nonexistence of conformally flat twistor spaces. We also generalize a result due to Atiyah, Hitchin and Singer concerning the self-duality of a Riemannian four-manifold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we show that the space of nodal rational curves, which is so called a Severi variety (of rational curves), on any non-singular projective surface is always equipped with a natural Einstein-Weyl structure, if the space is 3-dimensional. This is a generalization of the Einstein-Weyl structure on the space of smooth rational curves on a complex surface, given by Hitchin. As geometric objects naturally associated to Einstein-Weyl structure, we investigate null surfaces and geodesics on the Severi varieties. Also, we see that if the projective surface has an appropriate real structure, then the real locus of the Severi variety becomes a positive definite Einstein-Weyl manifold. Moreover, we construct various explicit examples of rational surfaces having 3-dimensional Severi varieties of rational curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a new construction of anti-self-dual metrics on four-manifolds. These metrics are characterized by the property that their twistor spaces project as affine line bundles over surfaces. To any affine bundle with the appropriate sheaf of local translations, we associate a solution of a second-order partial differential equations system D2 V = 0 on a five-dimensional manifold $${\mathbf{Y}}$$. The solution V and its differential completely determine an anti-self-dual conformal structure on an open set in { V = 0}. We show how our construction applies in the specific case of conformal structures for which the twistor space $${\mathcal{Z}}$$ has $${ \dim\left|-\frac{1}{2}K_\mathcal{Z}\right|\geq 2}$$, projecting thus over $${\mathbb C\mathbb P_2}$$ with twistor lines mapping onto plane conics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]