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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a rising global prevalence. However, the understanding of its impact on mortality remains inconsistent so we explored the association between IBD and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. This study included 502,369 participants from the UK Biobank, a large, population-based, prospective cohort study with mortality data through 2022. IBD was defined by baseline self-report or from primary care or hospital admission data. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 5799 (1.2%) participants had a history of IBD at baseline. After a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 44,499 deaths occurred. Having IBD was associated with an increased risk of death from all causes (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07–1.24) and cancer (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05–1.30), particularly colorectal cancer (CRC) (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.17–2.09). We observed elevated breast cancer mortality rates for individuals with Crohn's disease, and increased CRC mortality rates for individuals with ulcerative colitis. In stratified analyses of IBD and all-cause mortality, mortality risk differed by individuals' duration of IBD, age at IBD diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) (P Heterogeneity = 0.03) and smoking status (P Heterogeneity = 0.01). Positive associations between IBD and all-cause mortality were detected in individuals diagnosed with IBD for 10 years or longer, those diagnosed before the age of 50, all BMI subgroups except obese individuals, and in never or current, but not former smokers. We found that having IBD was associated with increased risks of mortality from all causes, all cancers, and CRC. This underscores the importance of enhanced patient management strategies and targeted prevention efforts in individuals with IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated the risk of mortality from cancers attributable to modifiable risk factors across representative transport, rescue, and security industries.Methods: We used nationwide Danish registries to identify all 307,605 workers from these industries from 2001 through 2015 and 2,278,363 other economically active individuals aged 18-64 years at the baseline for comparison. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for site-specific cancer deaths were calculated using Cox regression. Site-specific cancers were categorized by using population-attributable fraction (PAF) estimates derived from the previous literature.Results: During an average follow-up of 12.8 years, 5977 cancer deaths were registered in these industries. Cancer mortality with a high proportion of avoidable deaths (i.e., high PAF) was elevated in male seafarers (1.37; 1.16-1.62), in men of land transport (1.44; 1.35-1.52), in women of land transport (1.51; 1.29-1.77), and in women of defense forces (1.43; 1.13-1.81). In contrast, cancer mortality with a high PAF was reduced in men of police force (0.63; 0.51-0.78). The total cancer mortality was higher in seafarers (1.24; 1.12-1.37), workers in land transport (1.31; 1.27-1.36), and workers in defense forces (1.14; 1.07-1.22).Conclusions: We observed considerable cancer mortality disparities associated with modifiable risk factors across transport, rescue, and security industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The impact of lifestyle factors on cancer mortality in the U.S. population has not been thoroughly explored. We examined the combined effects of cardiorespiratory fitness, never smoking, and normal waist girth on total cancer mortality in men. Methods: We followed a total of 24,731 men ages 20–82 years who participated in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. A low-risk profile was defined as never smoking, moderate or high fitness, and normal waist girth, and they were further categorized as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 combined low-risk factors. Results: Over an average of 14.5 years of follow-up, there were a total of 384 cancer deaths. After adjustment for age, examination year, and multiple risk factors, men who were physically fit, never smoked, and had a normal waist girth had a 62% lower risk of total cancer mortality (95% confidence interval [CI], 45%–73%) compared with men with no low-risk factors. Men with all 3 low-risk factors had a 12-year (95% CI, 8.6–14.6) longer life expectancy compared with men with no low-risk factors. Approximately 37% (95% CI, 17%–52%) of total cancer deaths might have been avoided if the men had maintained all 3 low-risk factors. Conclusions: Being physically fit, never smoking, and maintaining a normal waist girth is associated with lower risk of total cancer mortality in men. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: PurposeTo examine the prospective association of serum iron, copper, and zinc with cancer mortality.: MethodsThe study sample included 3000 men and 3244 women free from cancer at baseline who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital status at follow-up was identified by the Social Security Administration''s death file and the National Death Index. Iron, transferrin saturation (TS), copper, and zinc were categorized into 4 levels using the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles for cutoffs. Relative risks (RRs) were derived from the proportional hazard models after adjustment for a number of potential confounders.: ResultsThree hundred seven cancer deaths (ICD-9 140–195, 199–208) were identified during 83,664.4 person-years of follow-up. Cancer mortality per 1000 person-years was 3.7 (4.7 for men and 2.8 for women). For men and women combined, the adjusted RRs (95% confidence intervals, CI) for the four levels were 0.96 (0.57–1.61), 1.00 (reference), 1.12 (0.80–1.58), 1.86 (1.07–3.22) for iron; 0.97 (0.56–1.70), 1.00 (reference), 1.36 (0.99–1.87), 1.82 (1.10–3.02) for TS; 0.76 (0.44–1.31), 1.00 (reference), 1.10 (0.77–1.58), 1.89 (1.07–3.32) for copper; and 0.75 (0.50–1.13), 1.00 (reference), 0.64 (0.47–0.88), 0.84 (0.53–1.33) for zinc. When the exposures were analyzed as continuous variables, the adjusted RRs (CI) were 1.66 (1.03–2.68) for 100 μg/dl iron increase, 1.17 (1.01–1.36) for 10% TS increase, 1.98 (1.12–3.50) for 100 μg/dl copper increase, and 0.57 (0.16–1.96) for 100 μg/dl zinc increase. Sex differences in the adjusted RRs for iron, TS, and copper were suggestive.: ConclusionPeople with higher serum iron, TS, or copper concentrations had an increased risk of dying from cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

PURPOSE: In southeast Okayama Prefecture, Japan, there have been reports of a high prevalence of silicosis among refractory brick production workers. Recently, a high mortality rate of lung cancer among the local residents has been observed. Therefore, a population based case-control study was conducted concerning the relationship between silica, silicosis, and lung cancer using multiple cancer controls.METHODS: Cases and controls were restricted to male subjects and information was obtained from death certificates from 1986 to 1993 in the area. Three categories of deceased control groups were selected: a series of deaths from liver cancer, colon cancer, and cancers of other organs, which was assumed not to be related to silica exposure. Age and smoking habits were adjusted by stratified analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio estimates. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was also conducted to control potential confounding factors; such as age and smoking habits.RESULTS: The age-, smoking-adjusted odds ratios were 1.94 (0.94–4.43) for the colon cancer control group, 2.13 (1.19–3.85) for the other cancer control group related to silica exposure, and 2.94 (1.30–8.90) and 2.69 (1.43–5.37) related to silicosis, respectively. The direct weighted average using the estimates for colon and the other cancer controls was 2.06 (1.29–3.29) for silica exposure, and 2.77 (1.60–4.77) for silicosis. Histological or cytological types of lung cancer cases were obtained from 64.1% of the subjects (118/184). As for the histologic type of lung cancer, small cell carcinoma was higher among those who had been silica-exposed workers than the unexposed lung cancer cases and the data from the general Japanese population. On chest x-ray findings, elevated lung cancer mortality compared with cancers other than lung cancer was demonstrated among patients without large opacities.CONCLUSIONS: Silica exposure increased the lung cancer mortality in the area. A high lung cancer mortality rate in the area could be explained by silica exposure and silicosis prevalence in this area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: We aim to shed light on progress in cancer medicine through studying time trends in age-specific rates of cancer incidence and mortality over the last quarter century.Methods: We analyzed age-specific incidence and mortality rates of all cancer sites combined using the high-quality population-based databases of Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands for the period 1990-2016.Results: Over these 26 years, cancer incidence rates increased in all investigated countries irrespective of age by about 22%. By contrast, cancer mortality rates decreased across all ages, also by about 22%, except ages 80+ years in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, where they remained unchanged. This pattern is consistent with earlier diagnoses and more effective treatments of cancer.Conclusions: This bird's-eye view on cancer reveals substantive progress in cancer medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]