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Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) were measured in men and in non-pregnant and pregnant women. Peak serum IGFBP-1 levels occurred mid-gestation followed by a slight decline towards term. Women with gestational diabetes had higher serum IGFBP-1 concentrations than apparently healthy women at comparable gestation. Following administration of an oral glucose load, serum IGFBP-1 concentrations were decreased within 2 h in men and in pregnant women while IGF-I levels remained constant. These results suggested that IGFBP-1 regulates IGF-I activity in pregnancy in a similar manner to that in the non-pregnant state.