1. Tannin phenotyping of the Vitaceae reveals a phylogenetic linkage of epigallocatechin in berries and leaves
- Author
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Jean-Marc Brillouet, Charles Romieu, Roberto Bacilieri, Peter Nick, Anna Trias-Blasi, Erika Maul, Katalin Solymosi, Peter Teszlák, Jiang-Fu Jiang, Lei Sun, Danielle Ortolani, Jason P Londo, Ben Gutierrez, Bernard Prins, Marc Reynders, Frank Van Caekenberghe, David Maghradze, Cecile Marchal, Amir Sultan, Jean-Francois Thomas, Daniel Scherberich, Helene Fulcrand, Laurent Roumeas, Guillaume Billerach, Vugar Salimov, Mirza Musayev, Muhammad Ejaz Ul Islam Dar, Jean-Benoit Peltier, Michel Grisoni, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology [Budapest], Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), University of Pecs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Jardin Exotique, USDA Agricultural Research Service [Beltsville, Maryland], USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), National Wine Agency of Georgia, Domaine expérimental de Vassal (MONTP DOM VASSAL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Herbarium (Stewart Collection), Jardin Botanique de Lyon, Partenaires INRAE, Azerbaijani Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (UAJ&K), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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American wild grapevines ,leaf ,phenotype ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,leaf margin teeth ,Original Articles ,Plant Science ,Asian wild grapevines ,Catechin ,Plant Leaves ,Vitaceae ,Vitis vinifera ,Fruit ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Condensed tannins ,pericarp ,Proanthocyanidins ,Vitis ,epigallocatechin ,Tannins ,EGC(-) vines ,Phylogeny ,EGC(+) vines - Abstract
Background and Aims Condensed tannins, responsible for berry and wine astringency, may have been selected during grapevine domestication. This work examines the phylogenetic distribution of condensed tannins throughout the Vitaceae phylogenetic tree. Methods Green berries and mature leaves of representative true-to-type members of the Vitaceae were collected before ‘véraison’, freeze-dried and pulverized, and condensed tannins were measured following depolymerization by nucleophilic addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the C4 of the flavan-3-ol units in an organic acidic medium. Reaction products were separated and quantified by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography/diode array detection/mass spectrometry. Key Results and Conclusions The original ability to incorporate epigallocatechin (EGC) into grapevine condensed tannins was lost independently in both the American and Eurasian/Asian branches of the Vitaceae, with exceptional cases of reversion to the ancestral EGC phenotype. This is particularly true in the genus Vitis, where we now find two radically distinct groups differing with respect to EGC content. While Vitis species from Asia are void of EGC, 50 % of the New World Vitis harbour EGC. Interestingly, the presence of EGC is tightly coupled with the degree of leaf margin serration. Noticeably, the rare Asian EGC-forming species are phylogenetically close to Vitis vinifera, the only remnant representative of Vitis in Eurasia. Both the wild ancestral V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris as well as the domesticated V. vinifera subsp. sativa can accumulate EGC and activate galloylation biosynthesis that compete for photoassimilates and reductive power.
- Published
- 2022