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Egg has valuable nutrients however; these nutrients may be affected by many factors. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of cage type, oviposition time and egg storage period on egg quality characteristics of laying hens. A total of 410 eggs were collected from unenriched and enriched cages in the morning and in the afternoon. After the eggs were weighed, they were stored at 21oC and 20% relative humidity until the 30th day of storage. It was determined that unenriched cage eggs had higher in shell breaking strength, albumen ash and pH & lipid of yolk and lower egg weight loss, yolk index & yolk color compared with enriched cage eggs. Morning eggs had the highest egg weight loss and the lowest egg weight, yolk height and yolk diameter. Dry matter & protein of albumen and dry matter & lipid of yolk were lower, while protein of yolk was higher in the morning eggs than those in the afternoon. It was observed that the storage period was important factor for egg quality characteristics. The effect of oviposition time and storage period interaction on egg quality should not be neglected. Interactions between cage type and storage period and between oviposition time and storage period were found statistically significant for some chemical composition of albumen and yolk. It is concluded that A quality egg criteria are preserved up to 14 days at an average temperature of 21°C and 20% humidity.

Bone problems are highly prevalent in laying hens. These problems affect the welfare, production and economic losses. Bone development begins in the embryonic period, and if the skeletal system develops well at that time, the subsequent production period can be affected positively. The present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of genotype on biomechanical parameters and composition of bone in the laying hen embryos. For this purpose, 360 fertilized eggs were obtained from two brown (Atak-S and Brown Nick) and two white (Atabey and Nick) layer breeders and incubated. Metatarsus, tibia and femur properties were examined on the embryonic d 19 and 21. Results showed that genotype played an important role in determining the biomechanical properties and mineral composition of the metatarsus, tibia and femur in the embryonic period. Examined bone characteristics improved with embryonic age. The least mineralization was observed in the metatarsus bone. In conclusion, bone properties were influenced from the genotype. However these differences were not related with laying hens being white or brown. The effect of the interaction between genotype and embryonic age on the bone properties should be considered., Yumurtacı tavuklarda kemik sorunları oldukça yaygındır. Bu sorunlar refahı, üretimi ve ekonomik kayıpları etkiler. Kemik gelişimi embriyonik dönemde başladığından bu dönemde iskelet sistemi iyi gelişirse, sonraki üretim periyodu olumlu yönde etkilenebilir. Bu çalışmada genotipin yumurtacı tavuk embriyolarında kemiğin biyomekanik özellikleri ve bileşimine etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla iki kahverengi (Atak-S ve Kahverengi Nick) ve iki beyaz (Atabey ve Nick) yumurtacı damızlıklardan elde edilen 360 adet döllü yumurta toplanmış ve inkübe edilmiştir. Embiyonik dönemin 19 ve 21. günlerinde metatarsus, tibia ve femur özellikleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, embriyonik dönemde genotipin metatarsus, tibia ve femurun biyomekanik özellikleri ve mineral bileşiminde önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Embriyonik yaşın artmasıyla incelenen kemik özellikleri iyileşmiştir. En az minerilizasyon metatarsus kemiğinde gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kemik özellikleri genotipten etkilenmiştir. Fakat bu farklılıklar beyaz veya kahverengi yumurtacı tavuk olmasıyla ilişkili değildir. Genotip ve embriyonik yaş arasındaki etkileşimin kemik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi dikkate alınmalıdır.

Bu araştırma, rasyonlarda humat (farmagülatördryTM) ve probiyotik (proteksin™)kullanımınınbroylerlerde canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi,yemdenyararlanmatırmada toplam 285 adet günlük ticari Ross PM3 erkek broyler civciv kullanılmıştır.kontrol, 2 deneme olmak üzere toplam 3 grup halinde yürütülmüştür.Grupların her biri 19 adet civciv içeren beş alt gruba ayrılmıştır.Birinci ve:ikirici deneme grupları rasyonlarınatırma 42 gün sürdürülmüştür.oranı ve karkas randımanı bakımından2. deneme gruplarında ortalama canlı ağırlık artışları sırasıyla 2152.8, 2098.1 ve 2100.8 g, bir kg canlı ağırlık artışı için tüketilen yemmiktarları ise sırasıyla1.80, 1.80 ve 1.81 kg olarak belirlenmiştir.teksin ™ ilavesinin canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve karkas randımanı üzerine olumsuz bir etkisi gözlenmemiştir, This experimentwas carried out to determine the effects of the usage of humate (farmagulatorin broiler rations on live weight gain, feed consumption,dryTM) and probiotic (protexin™)285 daily Ross PM3 broiler male chicks were used in this experiment. They were divided into one control group and two treatmentgroups each containing 95 chicks. Each group was divided into five subgroups each containingsecOlıd treatmentgroups were supplementedperimental period lasted 42 days. At the end of the study there were no statistically differences among the groups in Iive weight, liveweight gain, feed consumption,groııps were found as 2152.8, 2098.1 and 2 i00.8 g, respectively during 42 days trial period. Feed consumptionper one kg live weightgain of groups during trial were determinedas 1.80, 1.80 and 1.81 kg, respectively.lt is concluded that the supplementationmagulatorcass yield of broilers