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Simple Summary: Vaccination can prevent infection by opportunistic bacteria that affect fish. We have developed and analyzed a bivalent vaccine against two of the main pathogens that affect fish. We found that the vaccine was safe and effective in laboratory tests and in large-scale tests, with better survival and feed conversion in immunized animals. These results indicate the need for field tests to confirm real protection. This developed vaccine could allow fish farmers greater protection for commercial fish production. One of the main factors limiting tilapia's production is the occurrence of infections caused by Aeromonas and Streptococcus species. This work intended to evaluate a bivalent vaccine against A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae by intraperitoneal (i.p) administration in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil. The study was carried out in two phases: one in the laboratory, on a small scale, and from the results obtained, the study was expanded to a large scale in a production system in cages. The vaccine proved to be safe and effective in laboratory tests, with a vaccine efficacy (VE) of 93.66%. However, in large-scale tests with 12,000 tilapias, the VE was 59.14%, with a better food conversion ratio (1.54 kg) in the vaccinated group compared to the control group (1.27 kg). These results corroborate the efficiency of this tested vaccine; however, they indicate the need for field tests to attest to real protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Hedgehogs are small mammals whose proximity to humans has been intensifying. However, knowledge on the possible predisposition to and transmission of diseases by these animals is limited; therefore, this study investigated the most relevant postmortem pathological features present in a group of six African pygmy hedgehogs admitted into a rehabilitation center. A significant and diverse set of pathologies with considerable value from the point of comparative pathology are described which highlight the importance of this small mammal in the eco-epidemiological context of zoonotic diseases and its important role in the concept of One Health, acting as "sentinels" of the environment in which they are found. Most of the pathologies that affect hedgehogs are diagnosed postmortem; thus, it is essential to share knowledge between clinicians and pathologists in order to recognize predispositions to diseases and to establish adequate diagnostic and therapeutic plans. This study aimed to describe the most relevant postmortem pathological conditions in a group of six rescued African pygmy hedgehogs, performed over a period of four months. Hedgehogs were submitted to necropsy examinations and subsequent histopathological analyses. Microscopically, all the studied hedgehogs revealed alterations in one or more organ systems. Although a significant and diverse number of pathological conditions were obtained, this study focused on less common or more relevant pathologies found in African pygmy hedgehogs—namely, wobbly hedgehog syndrome, squamous cell carcinoma and mast cell tumors. Furthermore, this study constitutes the first report of Mycobacterium spp. in hedgehogs in Portugal, the second report of follicular thyroid carcinoma in an African pygmy hedgehog, the description of a lipoid pneumonia for the first time in this species and a lung adenocarcinoma—a pathology rarely reported in African pygmy hedgehogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]