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application/pdf, This in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation with different rates of euglena (Euglena gracilis) on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation. Four rumen cannulated Corriedale wethers sheep with an average body weight of 44.25 +/- 3.86 kg were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed a basal diet of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) hay and concentrate mixture at the maintenance level with four different rates of euglena (0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg DM intake). The experiment was conducted over 80 days in four 20 day periods that consisted of 14 days of acclimatization, 5 days of measurement and 1 more day for rumen liquor sample collection. The data were subjected to polynomial regression analysis. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and gross energy (GE) intake increased linearly (P< 0.001) and quadratically (P=0,002) with increasing concentrations of euglena. Similarly, crude protein (CP) intake was increased linearly (P< 0.001). Dry matter, OM, NDF, ADF and GE digestibility were not affected by supplementation of euglena (P> 0.11) while apparent CP digestibility increased linearly (P= 0.009). As a result, protein retention (g/d) was increased linearly (P 0.23) the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and the molar proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate and the acetate: propionate ratio. The finding of this study indicated that the addition of euglena increased nutrient intake without affecting total tract digestibility. It has been also demonstrated that addition of euglena at a dose of 150 g/kg DM improved CP retention by 31%, which may be associated with increased CP digestibility and efficiency of utilization. Thus, euglena supplementation up to 150 g/kg DM of the diet could be a possible option for substitution of protein and energy sources. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

application/pdf, Sunphenon 30S-O is obtained from the leaves of traceable green tea (Camellia sinensis) and standardized for its catechin content (205 g/kg DM). This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation with different concentrations of Sunphenon 30S-O on methane emissions, nutrient intake, digestibility, protozoa abundance and the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N (NH3-N) in sheep. Four Corriedale wethers with an average body weight of 64.25 +/- 3.86 kg were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square and fed a basal diet of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) hay at the maintenance level with four different concentrations of Sunphenon 30S-O (0, 10, 25 and 40 g/Kg DM intake). The experiment was conducted over 84 days in four 21-day periods that consisted of 14 days of acclimatization, five days of measurement and two 24-h runsin open-circuit respiration chambers to measure gas exchange. A second study was also conducted using an in vitro continuous gas quantification system and in vitro digestion techniques. All of the data were subjected to polynomial regression analysis. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and gross energy (GE) intake all declined linearly (P < 0.01) and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of Sunphenon 30S-O. Conversely, the apparent nutrient digestibility remained similar among treatments regardless of the concentration of Sunphenon 30S-O in the ration. In vivo methane emission (l/kg digestible OM intake) declined linearly (P < 0.05) by 7.4-13.5% with increasing concentrations of Sunphenon 30S-O, and a similar trend was observed in in vitro methane emissions. Urinary and methane energy decreased linearly (P

application/pdf, An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Euglena (Euglena gracilis) on CH4 production, dry matter (DM) digestibility, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia N(NH3-N) concentration as well as on the protozoa population. The treatments considered were Euglena at concentrations of 0.0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 g/kg dry matter (DM) of the substrate (60:40 forage: concentrate ratio) incubated for 24 and 96 h using an in vitro continuous gas production and in vitro two-stage digestion procedure, respectively. The data were subjected to polynomial regression analysis. Methane emissions (ml/g DM) decreased at an increasing rate, generally with increasing concentration of Euglena but also exhibited quadratic (P< 0.001) and cubic (P< 0.001) effects while NH3-N (mg/ml) concentration increased at an increasing rate (linear P < 0.001; quadratic P= 0.001; cubic P= 0.024). Total VFA concentration (mmol/l) decreased significantly (P< 0.001), when the substrate was totally replaced by Euglena. There was a linear (P< 0.001) and cubic (P= 0.047) reduction in protozoa population as the concentration of Euglena increased. In vitro DM digestibility was improved (linear P= 0.003; quadratic P=0.04; cubic P