Search

This study aims to screen and identify the multi-mechanism antistress effects of an extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR) leaves on corticosterone (CORT)-induced injury, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and serotonin 6 (5-hydroxytryptamine 6, 5-HT6) receptor activity tests (in vitro), electric foot shock and forced swimming tests (FSTs) (in vivo), and tests for hippocampal CORT and monoamine levels (ex vivo), in search of active principles and underlying mechanisms of action. We confirmed that the water extract of HR (HRW) and various ethanol extracts of HR confer protective effects against CORT-induced impairments in SH-SY5Y cells and antagonistic effects on NMDA receptors and the 5-HT6 receptor by using primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and a stable 5-HT6 receptor-expressing cell line, respectively. In addition, we confirmed the antistress effects of HRW in an electric foot shock stress model in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms of its action. We observed that HRW treatmen...

In this study, we investigated the relationship between anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the combined ameliorating effects of rose hip powder (RHP) and green tea seed extract (GTSE) in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) animal model. We confirmed the individual effects of RHP (500 mg/kg bw) and GTSE (50 mg/kg bw) in the OA model. Treatment with the mixture of RHP and GTSE (Mix) resulted in significantly enhanced stance and propulsion times compared to treatment with RHP or GTSE alone. To examine the combined effects of RHP and GTSE in vivo, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured. The administration of Mix significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were attenuated to a greater extent after the administration of Mix compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, we evaluated the anti-osteoarthritic ...