1. Enzyme-Responsive LipoCEST Agents: Assessment of MMP-2 Activity by Measuring the Intra-liposomal Water 1 H NMR Shift
- Author
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Marta Ruzza, Sergio Padovan, Valeria Catanzaro, Enza Di Gregorio, Silvio Aime, and Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Subjects
Streptavidin ,Peptide ,02 engineering and technology ,chemical shift ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,LipoCEST ,magnetic resonance imaging ,MMP-2 ,paramagnetic liposomes ,Chemistry (all) ,Biotin ,Molecule ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Liposome ,010405 organic chemistry ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Biotinylation ,Reagent ,Proton NMR ,Biophysics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Mobile proton-containing solutes can be detected by MRI by the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) method. CEST sensitivity is dramatically enhanced by using, as exchanging protons, the water molecules confined inside liposomes, shifted by a paramagnetic shift reagent. The chemical shift of the intraliposomal water resonance (δIL ) is affected by the overall shape of the supramolecular system. δIL of a spherical LipoCEST acts as a sensitive reporter of the distribution of streptavidin proteins anchored at the liposome surface by biotinylated phospholipids. This finding prompted the design of a MMP-2 responsive LipoCEST agent as the streptavidin moieties can be released from the liposome surfaces when a properly tailored enzyme-cleavable peptide is inserted on the phospholipids before the terminal biotin residues. δIL reports on the overall changes in the supramolecular architecture associated to the cleavage carried out by MMP-2.
- Published
- 2017
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