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The process that provoke spontaneous seizures that characterizes epilepsy is related to a decrease in the threshold of excitability of neurons. The pathophysiological mechanisms that drive neurons to generate abnormal excessive electrical discharges are still not clearly understood. These neurons, which are silent/calm in the interictal period, are different from normal neurons in many aspects. The conditions that are commonly comorbid with epilepsies, are headaches and painful syndromes. Scientific research on this comorbidity is only limited to clinical studies and has not yet reached results that will clarify the neurobiology of the association. Implementing animal models that have both the disease and the comorbidity and preclinical studies to be performed on them are difficult as methodology, and there is no such study yet. In recent years, two preclinical studies we conducted in experimental animals with genetic epilepsy showed that the pain threshold is reduced in genetic absence epilepsy. Future studies on pain comorbidity in epilepsy will shed a light on the neurobiology of both epilepsy and pain. In this presentation, the neurobiology of epilepsy will be discussed in terms of comorbidity of epilepsy-migraine, and the pain threshold studies in rats with genetic absence epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to determine energy consumption, sleep durations and sleep efficiency in the work environment of 2nd and 3rd officers on container vessels. Methods: A body tracking monitor which is a multi-sensor wearable technology product was used. It is an armband that provides information about energy consumption, lying and sleeping periods and (MET) metabolic severity of physical activities (BSA: Bodymedia Sensewear Armband Pro3).The study was carried out on the container vessels running between Turkish, Mediterranean and Black Sea ports. A total of 127 daily records were obtained from 8 healthy male volunteers (mean age 25.8, mean BMI 23.8 kg/m2) with BSA. Bodymedia SenseWearPro 6.1 software algorithms were used in the evaluation of data. Results: The 2nd officers were responsible for shifts from 00.00-04.00/12.00-16.00 or 00.00-06.00/12.00-18.00, while the 3rd officers from 08.00-12.00/20.00-00.00 or 06.00-12.00/ 18.00-00.00. 2nd officers' average energy consumption was 3.114 kcal/day (SD±570), daily MET value was 1.6 (SD±0.2). That was 3.523 kcal (SD±762) and 2.0 (SD±0.3) for the 3rd officers'. The average energy consumption of all was 3.320 kcal/day (SD±702); daily MET was 1.8 (SD±0.3); lying time was 7.2 hours/day (SD±2.0); sleeping time was 4.7 hours/day (SD±1.4); sleep efficiency was 66.1% (SD±14.2). A difference was not found between the 2nd and 3rd officers' average lying, sleeping times and efficiency. However, there was a correlation of -0.55 between MET and sleep duration in the 3rd officers,and this value was -0.25 in the 2nd officers. Conclusion: The watchkeeping officers on container vessels in shortsea shipping, are not able to sleep in sufficient efficiency and time.The officers consume more energy and sleep less.This is seen as dangerous for workers and their environment in a ship atmosphere with various risks. It does not coincide with the aims of international resting arrangements for seafarers. In the 3rd officers with higher MET, higher corelation between sleep efficiency and MET suggest that neuroscience needs more studies on the effects of physical energy consumption on the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]