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This study aimed to present a bibliometric overview and visualization and altmetric analysis of the scientific output of Anatolia (1997–2018). The required data were extracted from Scopus and the journal website. Bibliometric analyses and visualization were done running VOSviwer. In doing so, Anatolia highly mentioned papers and the rate of their presence in social media were extracted from Altmetric LLP. The results indicated an increasing trend in the published papers and received citations over the course of study period. Furthermore, some leading journals and institutes cited Anatolia papers in their research studies. Highly frequent keywords and keyword co-occurrence patterns showed that most topics were related to tourism and hospitality field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various papers published in this issue including one by Ulas and Anadol on medical tourism in Turkey, one by Sutton on tourism in the United Arab Emirates, and one by Butler and Paris on the online community.

This paper analyses the destination wedding choice through a diasporic perspective by examining a Turkey wedding chosen by an Iranian diasporic family. The research findings illustrate how searching for certain aspects of an “ideal home” compels a group of people to choose a destination wedding because they are not able to celebrate their wedding in their original homeland or their country of residence. Within this new context, this study provides insight for destination wedding planners in an underresearched niche market with special demands and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature, tourism is defined as a production system that is composed of an array of economic activities aimed at producing and selling tourist products, the tourist product itself and the institutions that regulate the system. Although it is very fruitful, it suffers from a weakness from a spatial perspective. The first aim of this paper is to spatialize tourism production systems in a more systematic and multidimensional way by discussing the intertwined role of place, territory, scale, and networks. Second, the paper aims to show how and why the process of tourism place making, especially in the case of Antalya, is narrowly intertwined with the scaling, territoriality, and global production networks of a tourism production system. (Re)scaling, territory, and networks have played an important role in Antalya's tourism production system, which institutionally complement each other and form a coherent whole. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The “Incentives Program for the Tourism Industry in Turkey” foresees a high growth rate in inbound tourism revenues over the next 10 years. This paper aims to analyse the economic effects of a 10% increase in foreign demand for the tourism industry in Turkey by using a computable general equilibrium model based on a social accounting matrix year of 2002. The tourism industry is specified by using tourism satellite accounts and set as a separate sector in input–output table. Simulation results suggest that increase in foreign tourism demand causes an increase in the GDP and employment, households' income, real private consumption and investment expenditures in the economy and puts pressure on domestic prices at different levels as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper uses bibliometric analysis to investigate how scholarship in the realm of tourism and hospitality (T/H) has progressed in Turkey. A total of 135 articles published in 14 leading international T/H journals indexed by Social Sciences Citations Index between 1984 and 2013 were analysed. The analysis presented herein provides a broad view of the trends and patterns. This intellectual structure permits researchers and professionals to identify leading authors, institutions, and publications, and identifies the most influential sources and changes in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically investigate experiences of real-life escape rooms, a phenomenon that has gained prominence in recent years. An exploratory empirical study of visitors' (escapers) experiences of 33 escape rooms in Turkey was conducted using content analysis. A total of 1079 reviews were extracted and used in the analysis. Data were collected from TripAdvisor - a well-known website - that allows guests to share their experiences from all around the world. The findings demonstrate that escape room attractions provide authenticity and flow experiences through the challenging activities and social component of the games. Furthermore, the findings show that visitors enjoy experiencing novelty-seeking (authenticity) and hedonistic experience-seeking (flow) and a feeling of being outside time and place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the connection between three perceived Fundamental Moral Orientations (FMOs) and three perceived outcome preferences for men and women working in the Turkish hotel industry. Specifically, the study aims to investigate the relationships between the perceived FMOs of selfishness, self-fullness, and selflessness, and the perceived outcome preferences of serving personal, customer, and organizational interests. Additionally, the study examines whether gender influences either the perceived outcome preferences of hotel personnel or the FMO/outcome relationships. Based on data from 682 surveys, the FMO/outcome relationships and gender differences in those relationships are tested with correlation analysis; also gender effects and gender differences in the outcome orientations are explored with the single sample t-test and one-way MANOVA, respectively. Some gender effects and/or gender differences exist in each set of results. The mutual theoretical implications of the FMO/outcome relationship results and the outcome preference results are discussed, as are potential managerial implications for the Turkish hotel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper primarily focuses on assessing the destination image of Turkey held by UK-based travel intermediaries such as tour operators and travel agencies. The strongest and weakest destination attributes of Turkey are explored in the paper through the structured methodology by applying primary research. Understanding the image of a destination helps not only to determine a promotional policy for her but also to influence tourists' decision making process. The research findings reveal that with regard to affective components of destination image items, Turkey is perceived as an arousing rather than a sleepy holiday destination. The main strengths of Turkey in terms of cognitive/perceptual destination components are cultural, historical, and natural attractions, hospitality of people, and appealing cuisine. On the other hand, the weakest destination attributes of Turkey are the lack and inadequacies of stability, safety, cleanliness of the environment, and local infrastructures. Furthermore, the country has a weakly good overall destination image from the UK-based travel intermediaries' perspectives. The findings of the research suggest that the affective, cognitive/perceptual, and overall destination image of Turkey does not differ between mass and specialist travel intermediaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the influence of tourism planning policies and their interventions in the city of Antalya. In this context, tourism development policies and projects on Antalya, which are strongly influenced by central government, are evaluated by making a general historical overview on the tourism planning policy of Turkey. It is seen that big tourism development plans, projects and land allocations made by the central government, stimulated explosive tourism development and influenced the city of Antalya. Mass tourism development strategy has created socio-spatial segregation and environmentally less-sensitized tourism growth in Antalya. Based on the effects of tourism development in the city, this paper proposes a possible tourism planning approach that can reduce the negative effects of tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores antecedents and consequences of employee voice behaviour among front-line employees working in the hospitality industry in Turkey. Data were collected from 594 front-line service employees working in 15 top-quality hotels using anonymously completed questionnaires, a 59% response rate. Respondents indicated a generally moderate level of voice behaviour. Personal demographic characteristics and work situation characteristics had few and inconsistent relationships with employee voice behaviour. Males and females were equally likely to engage in voice behaviours. Two aspects of workplace culture were associated with higher levels of employee voice behaviour. Employees engaging in more voice behaviour were also more job-satisfied, more work-engaged, and more likely to remain with their employer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the convergence hypothesis of Turkey's tourism markets over the period January 1996–December 2010. We employ a recently introduced Fourier stationary test that does not lose power due to unknown number, form and locations of structural breaks. The results reveal that 10 out of 14 markets support the hypothesis of convergence, which implies that tourism policies for attracting visitor arrivals are effective and new strategies to attract the tourist arrivals from the markets where the convergence hypothesis could not be rejected must be developed to boost the number of visitors coming into Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a wide variety of ways in which different cities are governed, based on the different state type as well as the sectoral policies that are applied. This paper aims to show how theories on governance should pay more attention to different sectoral policies and state types when explaining modes of governance in cities. The study will make a comparative analysis of two cities from different countries in which tourism plays a leading role: Amsterdam and Antalya. These cities have followed very different paths under the influence of their respective state types. It is found that the type of state is not only influential in creating different modes of governance for both cities, but also in creating different forms of governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential growth of Turkish tourism made the industry an important area of employment for a variety of groups in the labor market. This paper aims to define the structural dynamics of the tourism labor market and the problems that may potentially hinder tourism development at large. The mismatch between the needs of the labor market and the available labor force causes a qualitative degradation of tourism services. Given government's commitment on tourism as an industry generating both employment and revenue, strong contribution through policy making is necessary in order to improve tourism industry in general and tourism employment in particular. The integrated policy approach combines tourism policy, education policy and labor policy to form a common denominator that would enhance tourism employment, hence tourism industry across the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed tourism resources in Turkish cities. As part of research methodology, a content analysis of official tourism web sites of Turkish cities was conducted. Further, tourism officials in Turkish cities were surveyed to identify their descriptions of the cities they promote. Research results indicate that although Turkey is well-known for its summer destinations, most Turkish cities promote a variety of tourism resources including history, culture, thermal (hot-spa), nature and urban tourism resources. According to the results of content analysis, hot springs are promoted in 51 cities and 12 cities are promoted as thermal tourism destinations. Research findings indicate that combined themes should be used in marketing of Turkish tourism product considering the richness of the country's tourism potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent development in strategy research has demonstrated the important role of network participation in firm value creation. However understanding the key role of networks in value creation is only the first step. It is substantial to understand, also, the underlying mechanisms that impact firms capability in appropriating and creating value through its participation in networks. Therefore, based on an empirical research study among tourism small and medium enterprises, this paper aims to demonstrate that the extent to which firms can create and appropriate value, would highly influence their absorptive capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There remains a continuous debate in the literature regarding the effect of the tourism industry on inequality. This study examines the tourism-induced Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for 34 countries in Europe, the Balkans, and Anatolia with a fourteen-year dataset using spatial panel data analysis. Results show the validity of this hypothesis. Therefore, one can conclude that the tourism industry contributes favourably to income equality only after some threshold. Moreover, findings indicate that increases in per capita income, urbanization ratio, and total labour force participation rate led to increased inequality. Therefore, to have desirable effects of the tourism industry on inclusive growth and sustainable development, investments should consider equality of income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated tourism students' levels of happiness and their associations with demographics. A questionnaire was administered to 302 tourism students in Turkey. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form (OHQ-SF) and personal information form. The students' happiness was moderate. The reliability of the OHQ-SF was found to be sufficient. Through factor analysis, one dimension was obtained from the happiness scale. Gender, status of those participating in sports, and its weekly frequency were significantly related to happiness. However, class, department, working status, social media usage, number of siblings, spending status, whether their parents were alive, and were together or separated were not significantly related to happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study and its conceptual framework are motivated by the awareness of the positive impacts of social tourism on social inclusion. The aim of the research is to explore the potential of social tourism for creating an inclusive tourism form through investigating alternative camp in Turkey. The camp was examined as an ethnographic case study with qualitative research methods. Data were gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews and participant observations lasting over a year. In addition, the secondary data were collected in the form of organizational and other types of documents. As a result, the study develops an inclusive social tourism management model that proposes three components: (1) sustainable financial support, (2) a strong volunteer structure, (3) an aspirational goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is about the expectations of the future of hoteliers in the tourism city of Antalya who intend to start a new firm during the recent (geo)political crisis in Turkey. The starting point of our analysis is that capitalism is a dynamic open system that is full of creativity and novelties. That is why entrepreneurs who plan to invest face a radical uncertainty about the future and can neither make rational decisions nor form rational expectations. Instead, their decisions are based on fictional expectations (Beckert) as a motivational basis of action that are not only individually but also socially constructed by a variety of social factors that are never discussed both in tourism and resilience literature. By doing a case study, the fictional expectations of starting hoteliers are explored. The main results are the fictional expectations of hoteliers are formed in interaction with other actors in the tourism industry and banks, and, notwithstanding the geopolitical crisis that severely hit tourism and future threats such as overtourism and pandemic, the hoteliers are optimistic about the future because of believing their luxury service of their (4 and 5) star hotels and the place quality of Antalya, Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between perceived value and perceived risk with an integrated approach. Both concepts have previously been measured through either an overall or a multi-dimensional approach, but a comparison of these two measurement approaches has been ignored. Unlike other studies, perceived risk and value are examined here via two different approaches, and their relationship with customer satisfaction and behavioural intention are tested with a structural model via data gathered from hotel customers in Turkey. According to the results, multidimensionally measured perceived risk negatively influences perceived value more. Perceived value and customer satisfaction positively influence behavioural intention. In addition, the perceived value and risk are measured in six dimensions. Reputation and epistemic value are added to the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines individual studies conducted in the tourism-hospitality industry based on a sample in Turkey. It aims to determine the relations between emotional labour subdimensions (surface acting, deep acting, genuine emotion) and burnout subdimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment) through meta-analysis. The analyses were performed on 13 individual studies. The findings suggest no significant relation between surface acting/genuine emotion and burnout subdimensions. On the other hand, while deep acting has a weak negative relation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, no significant relation was identified between deep acting and personal accomplishment. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical impact on the tourism and hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to determine whether the tourist's social distance perceptions towards the local people are reducing thanks to tourism and the causes of tourist's social distance perceptions. The Social Distance Scale of Bogardus was employed to prepare the questionnaires that were used in the study. Domestic tourists (n = 400) visiting the Southeastern Anatolia Region (before and after their visit) and people who had not visited the region (n = 263) before were asked to complete the questionnaire. The tourists' social distance towards the local people has changed positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine whether the shocks to the Turkish tourism have a permanent or a transitory effect on tourism expenditure for the period 1964-2012. We took the structural break periods from Lumsdaine and Papell (LP) unit-root test as a base and implemented the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit-root test for the three different sub-periods of the series of tourism expenditure. In this study, we also estimated the measure of half-life for the effects of shocks on the series under consideration and the grid-bootstrap method to estimate confidence intervals. The results show, irrespective of the structural breaks, the effect of shocks on tourism expenditure is persistent; however, considering the structural breaks, the effect of shocks on tourism expenditure is transitory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance has become the subject of intense discussion in the context of sustainable tourism. Identifying the prerequisites for effective and sustainable governance from the stakeholders’ perspective through qualitative research methodology was the main goal of this research. For this purpose, an appropriate working group of authorized representatives of both public and non-governmental institutions in Antalya, Turkey was used to examine the functionality and vision of governance. The stakeholders’ opinions and ideas about destination governance were extracted under three main themes (shared vision, goal congruence, and interaction), and the findings of the research provide important information on how to encourage stakeholders’ support, commitment, and cooperation in the creation of a sustainable governance structure in the city of Antalya in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the convergence hypothesis of tourism markets in seasonal unit roots framework by taking account of seasonal behaviours of tourist arrivals’ differential series. We use the seasonal unit roots test for monthly data and we handle the case of Turkey’s 20 major markets for the examination of the validity of tourism convergence hypothesis. The data belong to the seasonally unadjusted tourist arrivals’ differential series and cover the period from January 1996 to December 2014. Tourism markets are found to be converging in the long run and in the months of January, March, April, May, July, September, and October. On the other hand, the present tourism market strategies for encouraging visitor arrivals are not so effective in the months of February, June, August, and November. So, the current marketing policies should be rehandled and strategies such as cheaper holiday packages should be revised to increase the number of convergent tourism markets for these months. These results should be taken into consideration by policy makers in planning the tourism market strategies to provide for a sustained growth in tourism industry because the tourism industry is one of the prominent catalysts for economic growth in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The impact of mainstream tourist hotels on destination economies is clearly an important question for public policy-makers wishing to develop robust tourism policy. We adapt the methodology of value chain analysis to measure the local economic impact of a large, single tourism enterprise, to show how to generate commercially realistic data using the example of an analysis of a 1000 room all-inclusive resort in southern Turkey in partnership with TUI UK and Ireland. The data break down package revenues according to their beneficiaries and identifies areas for improvement. We further report and reflect on a 6-month evaluation of a tour operator-hotel partnership to deliver on a set of positive recommendations arising from the date to improve future impact. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of tourism on the economic growth in Turkey over the period of 1970–2011 using the time-varying parameter and the Kalman filter approaches. The results show that tourists have a positive impact on the economic growth of Turkey. We have found that a 1% increase in the spending of tourists leads to a 0.03% increase in the gross domestic product per capita. In addition, physical and human capital and government consumption expenditure have positive effects on economic growth, while real effective exchange rate has a negative effect on Turkey's economic growth. Finally, this study shows that the product elasticities are inelastic in Turkey during the period of 1970–2011. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aims to reveal the general development of tourism literature in Turkey between 2000 and 2010. To this end, 1217 articles that were published in Turkish refereed journals during this period were examined using bibliographic methods of analysis, within the scope of several parameters. The analysis revealed thatAnatolia: Journal of Tourism Research (Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi)is the leading tourism journal in Turkey and that tourism management and organization, tourism marketing, and tourism economics were the most popular subjects among the academic community in Turkey. The most prolific authors were assistant professors and research assistants, and the majority of the articles used empirical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the influence of tourism demand (TD) in developing countries, particularly Turkey. It states that volatility and exchange rate were considered as essential factors affecting tourism. It adds that an equilibrium relationship was observed among gross domestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rates (FER), and TD from the first quarter (Q1) of 1987-2012. It adds that tourism supports economic recovery and green economy transitions.

The literature relating to film tourism has grown significantly over the last decade. Studies examine the influence of particular movies or television programmes from perspectives of the visitor, the resident, and businesses. Even genres have been examined to some extent. However, there does not appear to be any research on the impact of named actors or actresses. This study looks at the influence of Kivanç Tatlituğ on perceptions of Turkey, especially on Istanbul. The sample was derived from individuals of Middle Eastern ethnic heritage living in California. All were aware of the particular actor and all associated him with the city of Istanbul. His artistic output has become very popular in the Arab world and led to an increase in visitor numbers to Turkey as a result. His appearances constitute one of the forms of destination image creation, and marketers could utilize him as an imprimatur in promotion of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigates brand personality and destination image of Istanbul, Turkey and compares the perceived image and personality across different nationalities visiting the city. The survey instrument included quantitative and qualitative (open ended) items and questions to better understand the first-time visitors' individual perceptions. Text analysis was utilized to reveal experiential image patterns in qualitative data. Respondents were grouped into four segments depending on the geographic and cultural proximity of their nationalities: USA, UK, Europe, and East Asia. Factor analyses were conducted to find underlying image and personality dimensions. Next one-way ANOVA was conducted to identify significant image and personality variations across different nationalities. The results showed that there are statistically significant perception differences across different nationalities for cognitive and overall image, as well as for brand personality perceptions and behavioral intention. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the idea of "social capital" as a mechanism to discuss and describe the role and importance of camel wrestling in Turkey's larger framework of cultural tourism. There are numerous examples of historic settings being commercialized, including the Great Wall of China, and being transformed into tourist attractions. Ongoing cultural performances are also important heritage resources within this kind of tourism enterprise; this article deals with an animal based event. After situating the research within the context of festivals which deal with such animal-associated spectacles, the article describes fieldwork done in Turkey at camel wrestling events. Finally it describes the role of these kinds of performative cultural undertakings within the larger orbit of cultural tourism concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of mass tourism has led to a wide range of environmental and socio-cultural problems throughout the world. A central feature of mass tourism is the use and conversion of large natural lands to built tourism-related facilities. Worldwide, forests and coastal zones are the principal resources used for the construction of tourist facilities. On the one hand, forests constitute tourism's natural capital and raw material; on the other hand, they suffer the impacts from individual activities or facility development associated with tourism. Deforestation is one of the most important global environmental consequences of mass tourism development. Similar to many parts of the world, mass tourism activity is heightening pressure on forests and other natural areas in Turkey. Monitoring and eliminating the negative environmental impacts of tourism is crucial for the protection and continuity of forest resources. First of all, the formulation and implementation of nature protection-oriented policy objectives should be essential for all relations between the natural environment and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the wealth of resources that Turkey possesses, it is generally believed that this tourism destination has not reached its potential. Turkey is restricted by its international image, its centralization and the limited resources that are available for marketing and communication activities. Furthermore, in the past, Turkey has focused on 3S (sun, sea and sand) mass tourism, targeting lower income level tourists. As capacity has increased steadily in coastal areas, the bargaining power of tour operators has grown, bringing an increasing pressure for lower prices. The new strategies of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism aim at changing this focus and diversifying the tourism product of Turkey. Moreover, a conscious effort is made to attract higher income level groups. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical analysis of current marketing strategies of Turkey in tourism, within the theoretical background of the destination marketing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst World Heritage Site (WHS) designation is often valued for the increased tourism and associated economic benefits it brings to a region, it can simultaneously lead to the disenfranchisement and marginalisation of local communities. Focusing on the WHS of Göreme-Cappadocia in central Turkey, this article addresses the contested nature of Cappadocia's heritage and tourism landscape by discussing the uneasy relationship between the Byzantine historic remains, the Göreme local community and cultural tourism. The discussion critically examines the issue of inclusion and exclusion relating to the heritage presentation and interpretation at this WHS. In conclusion, recommendations for achieving a better level of sustainable cultural tourism through better inclusion of multiple stakeholders and values are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of protected areas has the purpose of ensuring the conservation and preservation of the environment. However, due to the constraints to self-financing, many protected areas are turning to tourism as a source of revenue. Tourism is thus regarded as the key to get additional financial resources for the management of protected areas and to find alternative economic resources for local people living within or around those areas. Evidence from Kuscenneti National Park in Turkey shows how the tourism development process was conducted and how gateway communities were involved in, so as to strengthen links between tourism activity and the benefits for local economy, cultural and natural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study was to measure hotels' service quality performance from the customer perspective. To do so, a performance-only measurement scale (SERVPERF) was administered to 234 customers stayed in three, four and five star hotels in Cappadocia. The results of the study demonstrate that SERVPERF is a reliable and valid tool to measure service quality in the hotel industry. The instrument consists of four dimensions, namely 'tangibles", "assurance-responsiveness", "empathy", and "reliability". Hotel customers are expecting more improved services from the hotels in all service quality dimensions. However, hotel customers have the lowest perception scores on tangibles. It is also revealed that empathy is the most important dimension in predicting hotel customers' overall service quality evaluation. In the light of the results, possible managerial implications are discussed and future research subjects are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, international tourism demand and short-run Supply for Antalya-Belek hotel industry are examined via simultaneous equations econometric model using monthly data between 1998-M10 and 2006-Mb. The overall goodness-of-fit of both demand and supply models is very high, suggesting a high predictive power. Through empirical implementation of the theoretical model, several important determinants of supply and demand are identified. On the demand side, "tourist arrivals" is a significant factor driving the demand for beds, while "room rate" has a significant negative impact on the bed demand. At the same time, "bed demand", "the Consumer Price Index based on real effective exchange rate index", and "the GAP between bed supply and demand" have a significant positive Impact on room rates. Empirical results suggest that the hotel operators in Antalya-Belek attempt to raise the room rates in order to close the gap between actual and expected incomes, when they face high excess gap between the bed supply and demand. Also, yield management is employed by the hotel operators in Antalya-Belek due to the positive impact of the bed demand on room rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]