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Integrating multiple analytical processes into microfluidic devices is an important research area required for a variety of microchip-based analyses. A microfluidic system is described that achieves preparative separations by intelligent fraction collection of attomole quantities of sample. The device consists of a main microfluidic channel used to perform electrophoresis, which is interconnected at 90[degrees] to two vertically displaced channels via a nanocapillary array membrane. The membrane interconnect contains nanometer-diameter pores that provide fluidic communication between the channels. Sample injection and analyte collection are controlled by application of an electrical bias between the microfluidic channels across the nanocapillary array. After the separation, the automated transfer of the FITC-labeled Arg, Gln, and Gly bands occurs; a fluorescence detector located at the separation/collection channel interconnect is used to generate a triggering signal that initiates suitable voltages to allow near-quantitative transfer of analyte from the separation channel to the second fluidic layer. The ability to achieve such sample manipulations from mass-limited samples enables a variety of postseparation processing events.

The extension of microfluidic devices to include three-dimensional fluidic networks allows complex fluidic and chemical manipulations but requires innovative methods to interface fluidic layers. Externally controllable interconnects, employing nuclear track-etched polycarbonate membranes containing nanometer-diameter capillaries, are described that produce hybrid three-dimensional fluidic architectures. Controllable nanofluidic transfer is achieved by controlling applied bias, polarity, and density of the immobile nanopore surface charge and the impedance of the nanocapillary array relative to the microfluidic channels. Analyte transport between vertically separated microchannels has three stable transfer levels, corresponding to zero, reverse, and forward bias. The transfer can even depend on the properties of the analyte being transferred such as the molecular size, illustrating the flexible character of the analyte transfer. In a specific analysis implementation, nanochannel array gating is applied to capillary electrophoresis separations, allowing selected separated components to be isolated for further manipulation, thereby opening the way for preparative separations at attomole analyte mass levels.

Describes externally controllable interconnects that produce hybrid three-dimensional fluidic architectures. Use of nuclear track-etched polycarbonate membranes; Capillary electrophoresis; Electrokinetic macromolecular transport of dextrans.