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Start Over Journal analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Publisher springer berlin heidelberg
7,489 results

86. Paper and thread as media for the frugal detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Author

Hardik Ramesh Singhal, Amrutha Hasandka, Ankita Ramchandran Singh, Naresh Kumar Mani, M. S. Giri Nandagopal, and Anusha Prabhu

Subjects
Burden of disease, Paper, medicine.medical_specialty, Thread (network protocol), Microfluidics, Review, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Health care, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Cellulose, Menstrual Hygiene Products, Urinary tract infection, Modalities, Bacteria, business.industry, Public health, Fungi, Electrochemical Techniques, Thread, Culture Media, Detection, Urinary Tract Infections, Colorimetry, business
Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) make up a significant proportion of the global burden of disease in vulnerable groups and tend to substantially impair the quality of life of those affected, making timely detection of UTIs a priority for public health. However, economic and societal barriers drastically reduce accessibility of traditional lab-based testing methods for critical patient groups in low-resource areas, negatively affecting their overall healthcare outcomes. As a result, cellulose-based materials such as paper and thread have garnered significant interest among researchers as substrates for so-called frugal analytical devices which leverage the material’s portability and adaptability for facile and reproducible diagnoses of UTIs. Although the field may be only in its infancy, strategies aimed at commercial penetration can appreciably increase access to more healthcare options for at-risk people. In this review, we catalogue recent advances in devices that use cellulose-based materials as the primary housing or medium for UTI detection and chart out trends in the field. We also explore different modalities employed for detection, with particular emphasis on their ability to be ported onto discreet casings such as sanitary products. Graphical abstract

Published
2021

87. Antibody affinity as a driver of signal generation in a paper-based immunoassay for Ebola virus surveillance

Author

James B. Munro, Andrea C. Mora, Lara P. Murray, Charles R. Mace, and Ramesh Govindan

Subjects
Paper analytical devices, medicine.drug_class, Microfluidics, 02 engineering and technology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Monoclonal antibody, Antibodies, Viral, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Epitope, Analytical Chemistry, Serology, Affinity Reagent, Viral Envelope Proteins, medicine, Humans, Immunoassays, Diagnostics, Immunoassay, Ebola virus, medicine.diagnostic_test, 010401 analytical chemistry, Equipment Design, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ebolavirus, Virology, 0104 chemical sciences, Ectodomain, Paper-based microfluidics, Ebola, biology.protein, Antibody, 0210 nano-technology, Research Paper
Abstract

Graphical abstract During epidemics, such as the frequent and devastating Ebola virus outbreaks that have historically plagued regions of Africa, serological surveillance efforts are critical for viral containment and the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. Antibody serology can also be used retrospectively for population-level surveillance to provide a more complete estimate of total infections. Ebola surveillance efforts rely on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which restrict testing to laboratories and are not adaptable for use in resource-limited settings. In this manuscript, we describe a paper-based immunoassay capable of detecting anti-Ebola IgG using Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein ectodomain (GP) as the affinity reagent. We evaluated seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GP—KZ52, 13C6, 4G7, 2G4, c6D8, 13F6, and 4F3—to elucidate the impact of binding affinity and binding epitope on assay performance and, ultimately, result interpretation. We used biolayer interferometry to characterize the binding of each antibody to GP before assessing their performance in our paper-based device. Binding affinity (KD) and on rate (kon) were major factors influencing the sensitivity of the paper-based immunoassay. mAbs with the best KD (3–25 nM) exhibited the lowest limits of detection (ca. μg mL−1), while mAbs with KD > 25 nM were undetectable in our device. Additionally, and most surprisingly, we determined that observed signals in paper devices were directly proportional to kon. These results highlight the importance of ensuring that the quality of recognition reagents is sufficient to support desired assay performance and suggest that the strength of an individual’s immune response can impact the interpretation of assay results. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03317-4.

Published
2021