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Open innovation is one of those catchwords that has been capturing the imaginaries of our societies, pointing out transformative designs. "Open innovation" is being viewed as "the next word" in innovation studies and management practices. Bibliometric reviews have been revealing that open innovation has spawned special issues, numerous books, and hundreds of papers devoted to proposing this (allegedly) new policy framework. With this bibliographical essay, we give a qualitative review that understands open innovation and the reach of its literature: i.e., the presumptions in place and how an entrepreneurial and management bias marks it, benefiting from announced technological trajectories currently amplified by the digital age and the alleged opportunities of the 4.0 industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maria da Conceição Tavares has a distinguished role in Latin-American thought, transiting from Structuralism to a critique of the cepal tradition that would lead to the creation of a new field in the economics of development, the so-called "Campinas School". This paper discusses an essential dimension of her intellectual transition: the innovative treatment of the relationship between dependency, capital accumulation, savings, and income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the project of the private insurance sector to assume the role of protagonist in guaranteeing social protection and investigates its consequences for the management of inequalities. In Brazil, as in other countries, austerity policies have been implemented causing significant impacts on social insurance and benefits reduction. Based on multisite ethnographic research (2017-2019), developed with insurance market agents, this article analyses the processes of financialisation of social protection and popularisation of private insurance in contemporary Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand the meaning of the expression "making life better" in an industrialized region of Vale do Ave, considering the changes during the 1960s-1970s in Portugal and in the long term. It addresses, particularly, the expectations of improvement in living conditions that this expression condenses, conveying ideas about the future, against a past in which life "didn't run forward", and a life in which one has "always worked" to "keep earning a living". It is argued that the "work" implied in this expression reflects a tension between the need to "making a living" and the aspirations towards a "good life", articulating economy, value and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper explores elements of the national political debate on education, focusing on the authoritative references used in deliberation. The systematic identification and analysis of the intertextualities present in the debates on education that took place in the Portuguese National Assembly (ar) between 1978 and 2018, allowed to map the sources of authority used - national and international; legal and expert - and disclose structural features of the discourse on education. The results point to the existence of a discursive environment that is not very favourable to evidence-based deliberation, in which the questioning of sources of authority and the results achieved is persistent. Discourse evolves around the horizon of international comparison, with the persistence over time of the ideas of crisis and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an analysis of the structure of incentives inherent to the architecture of the European Stability Mechanism (esm), the paper defends the esm's inability to prevent, mitigate, and resolve financial crises. The paper presents the main features of the esm, and illustrates how its governance architecture results from a model and a practice of European integration in which the pooling of sovereign powers goes along with the member states' attempt to maintain control over the use of those powers. In the case of monetary integration, such a model produces dysfunctional results in that it impedes efficient control of systemic risks. The paper puts forward a number of suggestion as to how a restructuring of the esm's institutional architecture could enable it to perform the role it has been designed for. The paper also shows what ought to change in the relation between national and supranational sovereignty for this to happen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In which sense music festivals have been serving to control urban conflicts and to create the image of Portuguese cities as tolerant places? Seeking for answers to this question, this paper discusses how these events are used as mechanisms of social control in Sines and, especially, in Lisbon. The research data were collected between 2016 and 2019, in four different festivals, through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentary analysis. The results confirm that such events have been acting in the creation of urban cosmopolitanism, promoting social pacification through culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of an ongoing research that aims to understand the role of gender in the composition of the Portuguese visual arts field and the possibilities and limits to the success of artistic professional trajectories. Analyzing the figures, between 2012 and 2019, regarding the activity of a significant sample of galleries, fairs, auctions, and art awards in Portugal, it was possible to verify that there is a notorious underrepresentation of women, whose proportion rarely exceeds one third. Despite some positive signs of change in the cohorts of younger female artists, the results show that women occupy, in relation to men, peripheral positions of recognition and legitimacy in the field. Thus, it is concluded that they may also face greater difficulties in accessing and developing their professional careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we trace a conceptual roadmap aimed at reconciling a life course perspective with the sociology of class and social inequality. We begin by presenting the life course perspective, reflecting on the central role it grants to processes of institutional regulation. Taking stock of critiques to both atomist explanations of agency and structural determinisms, we advocate for a longitudinal reading of how inequalities shape individual and collective trajectories, mobilizing concepts advanced by Pierre Bourdieu. We then demonstrate the potential of this approach to discuss how life course trajectories unfold in late modernity, drawing on recent research on Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews a selected bibliography on policing issues in Brazilian social sciences during the last 20 years. The paper has three parts. The first discusses the history of the construction of "policing" as an object of research in Brazilian social sciences. The second discusses the predominance of two topics: the research agenda's commitment to the issue of Human Rights violations; and the tense coexistence of two policing models (authoritative/repressing and community/proximity). The third section reviews a set of papers specifically seeking to identify its main analytical axes. The article provides insights of the analytical treatment given to policing in Brazil to be read comparatively in academic scenes of other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a discussion on how Anthropology looks at the use of drugs and the people who use them, tracing a short genealogy of the sociocultural perspective that a large part of the anthropologists who study the subject are affiliated with, as opposed to other forms of understanding the phenomenon, closer to pharmacological determinism. Medical Anthropology's framework and critical stance are highlighted, arguing that deconstructionism and criticism of medicalization and pathologization can and should be applied to the study of drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to understand how the mandatory wearing of white uniforms by babysitters in the south side of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, is characterized by social segregation. The uniform as a social symbol "defines and determines" the position of invisibility and subordination occupied by these workers. Women who work as babysitters at Leblon, on the south side of the city of Rio de Janeiro, were interviewed for this study. Wearing the uniform is about the identification and safety of the worker. In the specific case of the babysitter, however, the uniform has a significant symbolism, which refers to submission, exclusion, and segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work begins by debating the concept of human error, which is far from being consensual. Subsequently, four complementary perspectives on how we can understand this complex phenomenon are presented. The paper is written in a critical perspective in relation to the conventional view on the subject, in which human error is considered as the undisciplined element of safety in organizations. It is pertinent to remember that human error is part of the human condition itself and that it is just one among many other factors that can contribute to the occurrence of failures, incidents, and accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resarch on the return of recent Portuguese emigrants is scarce. In this paper, we present a study on return intentions based on a sample of 1,100 high-skilled Portuguese emigrant residents abroad, who answered an online survey carried out in 2017. The study presents contexts, protagonists, and the historical moment in which the intentions are revealed and the returns may occur. The analysis is centered on the return intentions according to age, residence country, period of immigration in the reception country, and other factors that, both in Portugal and in the destination country, contribute to explain the intentions of return by respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses alternative explanations for the crisis that hit the euro area in 2010-2012. The crisis is inseparable from the accumulation of external imbalances between member countries since the mid-1990s. Therefore, the explanation for its origins has to be found in the identification of the mechanisms that contributed to the accumulation of those imbalances. The different explanations discussed here - convergence between economies, fiscal practices, labour relations, capital flows and specialization profiles - are not mutually exclusive. However, the available evidence suggests that some processes are more relevant than others - and they are not the most obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of a treaty signed between Portugal and England, in 1892 a British Company controlled by Cecil Rhodes' bsac began the construction of a railway between the Mozambican harbor of Beira and the Rhodesian frontier. Despite the fears of denationalization of the Portuguese territories, construction and operation were conducted almost without any inspection from Portuguese authorities. The line cost Portugal nothing and its cross-border operation became rather efficient. In this paper, I aim to explain this historical process, using the concepts of large transnational technological systems, cross-borders, landlocked countries, and technodiplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a conception of ubi that does not regard it as a replacement for the Welfare State, this paper sheds some light on the financing and distributional impact of a ubi in Portugal. It provides a quantitative analysis of a flat tax vs. progressive nominal taxes as financing models. I argue that a flat tax proposal is directly opposed to the politico-economical views underlying a left-wing ubi conceived as an instrument to address economic inequalities. Finally, I argue that the ubi is in dire need of conceptual clarification: it should be posited merely as a fundamental right in abstracto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of spatial planning has seen a significant boost in recent decades in Portugal. Different occupations had earlier competed for the control of this market, exploiting a lack of regulation. In 2006, the then Planning Junior minister introduced a registration system for the coordinators of territorial management instruments, the sar, bringing together all interested professional groups. However, a ministerial reshuffling in 2009 led to the halting of the concertation process, leaving once again room for professional dispute. This paper presents this case of professional regulation, highlighting the role of the state and the challenges of the professionalization of multidisciplinary knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding institutional change remains a major theme on the agenda of social sciences. Thus, this working paper analyzes, through a comparative perspective, the different institutional transformations of the Portuguese and Spanish intelligence systems after the transifition to democracy and after 9/11. We applied an institutional change model centered on the relationship between ideas and interests, and used process tracing as a technique in order to identify the key drivers and inhibitors that explain the different institutional paths observed in the intelligence systems of both countries after two critical junctures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the published work of nine female writer-musicians on the topics of music and its education in Portugal between 1901 and 1930. This is a period marked by an extraordinary drive and demand for art(istic) education. However, the advent of these authors as experts in the music field invalidates the notion that writing could emerge only within the familiar boundaries of the "female educator", a traditional role in which it became an extension of the teaching profession. Writer-musicians will be framed in the twofold movement that seems to both legitimize and support them: the establishment of a musical expertise and their specific forms of sociability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the mechanisms for monitoring and disciplining clerical lust in the Luso-American space from 1640 to 1750. The paper addresses the units of analysis and then inquires into the action against the lustful crimes (solicitation and sodomy) of the clergy under the jurisdiction of the Inquisition. An examination is then made of the same action in the sphere of the non-heresiarch lustful behaviors which were under the jurisdiction of the Episcopal control, such as concubinage and other forms of illicit cohabitation between the clergy and parishioners. A final issue examined is whether or not the actions analyzed had an impact on the behavior of the clergy, i.e. if the mechanisms of control were effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic inequalities are a central phenomenon of contemporary societies. Its relevance emerge both at the global and national level. This paper will promote a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude of global and within country economic inequality. At this level, this paper will analyze income inequality and concentration in eu-27 countries and shed light on top wages in Portugal. Complementarily, two important issues will be discussed: the causes of economic inequalities and its impacts to collective live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about populism as a phenomenon and it highlights the legitimacy crisis that characterizes liberal democracy in contemporary societies. However, according to the hypothesis presented here, the concept of populism lacks a normative approach capable of detecting and emphasizing the risks involved in this type of representation, in which the bond between rulers and ruled is exposed to a lower degree of reflexivity and criticism. In order to test this initial hypothesis, two case study are presented: the Bolivarian Movement, in Venezuela, and the Five Star Movement, in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes the positions occupied by color/race in Brazilian ethnic-racial dynamics and relates them with the black subjectivity process in Brazil. After an historiographical analysis of the xix and xx centuries and of black women's narratives posted on the blog Blogueiras Negras, we highlighted a change in the use of the word pardo. Working with some of the tool-concepts of Michel Foucault, we show that the changes identified interfere in the production of black subjectivity and are important for rethinking contemporaneous education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to discuss and present an analytical model for the sociological research of biographical crises, i. e., stages of life marked by the disruption of habitual frameworks of action and thought, which have a substantial impact on the lives of individuals. First, the main contributions from sociology to the study of this topic are mapped, namely by identifying what fits the concept of crisis in the literature. This discussion provides the basis for the identification, in a second part of the paper, of the main analytical axes that structure the dimensions of analysis of biographical crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates the connection between the emigrants' professional specialization and their choice of an overseas destination and the best time to emigrate during the period from 1560 to 1651. Using Vila do Conde parish and notary records, this research extracts information on the emigrants' professions and compares it with the local economic and social trends, demonstrating that this was an important emigration factor to those looking for a better life, since their profession allowed them a better adjustment to the economic and social realities at the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the construction of a judicial apparatus at a pluri-continental scale. Focusing on the network of crown-appointed jurisdictions of royal law, the analysis questions its fundamental characteristics, stressing its European matrix and its adaptation to local circumstances, in a background of political and legal pluralism that explains the different range and intensity of its implementation. The text sets out a timeline and maps the expansion and growth of this apparatus at the same time as it analyses the creation of new jurisdictions and questions its apparent monolithic character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the colonial experiences in Luanda in its final two decades through the lens of sports activities in the city. Using articles in the newspaper Angola Desportiva we observe sports in the corporate environment and the neighborhood football tournaments. We highlight the changes in the Angolan control strategy exercised by the colonial authorities and the economic expansion of the colony, creating a new dynamism in the poorest areas of the city and inducing changes in commercial activities among the firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of a multidimensional analysis, we discuss in this paper the role of the rituals of distinction of the best students attending public schools. A multiscale methodology allowed us to identify not only the school award practices implemented in some countries that embrace the neoliberal ideology (usa, United Kingdom, France and Chile), but also the distinction mechanisms promoted by Portuguese secondary schools. Results show a global expansion of the distinction's rituals, despite the different national and local appropriations due to the school specificities and to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"To win the peasantry for the revolution". The Portuguese Communist Party and the process of organization of the Northern peasantry (1974-1975). This study scrutinizes the organization of the Northern peasantry promoted by the Portuguese Communist Party during the Carnation Revolution. Based on the review of the party press and newspapers, this paper suggests a path by which several organizational proposals (comissões camponesas, Movimento Livre de Agricultores, Ligas, movimentos) developed by the party before the permanent blockade opposed to that work, appeared, coexisted, and disappeared. In spite of the fast turns and some hesitation, that trajectory suggests a continuity regarding the underlying objective: the construction of a regional mass front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology, periphery, local leadership: Abílio Beça and the Bragança railway. By the end of the nineteenth century the northernmost regions of the district of Bragança were still not connected to the national railway network. The attempts presented to the parliament to solve this situation were disregarded due to the partial default of Portugal in 1892. Despite the crisis, Abílio Beça, a "cacique" (local leader) from Bragança, struggled to convince the government to build the extension of the Tua line from Mirandela to Bragança. This paper explains how Abílio Beça became a local influencer and how he rose in the hierarchy of the Regenerator Party to convince the government to open a tender for the adjudication of the railway. We analyze this process under the center-periphery model in a triple perspective: economic, political, and technological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the phenomenon of critical consumption in an alternative market. On the assumption that besides a rationality characterized by the utilitarian calculation, the economic relations also contains a morality. We analyze from a qualitative approach the critical consumption practices in a Solidary Economy Fair in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Thus, from the empirical research in this alternative market we configured the axiological rationality underlying the consumer in the form of a social grammar to describe the relationship between consumption and ethicity, and that can be identified through the grammars of care, authenticity and solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation has been gaining prominence in discussions of ageing, partly a result of the widespread notion of active ageing. The emphasis has not, however, been followed up by parallel advances in conceptualization and practice, and the term has lost specificity and meaning, particularly in connection with civic and political engagement of older citizens. How can senior citizen participation be defined? What kind of activities does it encompass? And what is being done in Portugal in this area? These are the questions the paper addresses, with data from an exploratory study on local "seniors' participation" initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation has been gaining prominence in discussions of ageing, partly a result of the widespread notion of active ageing. The emphasis has not, however, been followed up by parallel advances in conceptualization and practice, and the term has lost specificity and meaning, particularly in connection with civic and political engagement of older citizens. How can senior citizen participation be defined? What kind of activities does it encompass? And what is being done in Portugal in this area? These are the questions the paper addresses, with data from an exploratory study on local "seniors' participation" initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the fertility trends based on a spatial approach. The application of the Moran's Index revealed the presence of a spatial dependence phenomenon, i. e. an auto-correlation inherent to the heterogeneous behavior of fertility throughout the Portuguese territory. Given the changing pattern, a bivariate analysis was made to identify the socio-economic factors that might be associated with it. Through the use of a regression model it was possible to find that the factors explaining the evolution of fertility have changed over time, reflecting the cultural, social, and economic transformations of the Portuguese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My option in studying objects never, or almost never, addressed by Brazilian Anthropology calls for questioning both the definition of object and the locus of research, and for continued attention to two dimensions of the ethnographic practice. The first is about interactions between reason and emotion in the definition of our research agendas. The second is the concern with the effects on the anthropological perspective when alterity is sidelined against the growing number of auto-ethnographies. In this paper, I address these questions on the basis of four fieldwork experiences of my professional trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s of the 20th century the relationship between media literacy and citizenship has been included in political and academic discourses. In a simplistic way, bureaucrats and researchers have long recognized that with basic media literacy skills and competencies, individuals will change their citizenship practices: they will be better citizens. This paper summarizes some results of research developed between 2009 and 2013 in CIES-IUL, and show that the relationship between media literacy competencies and citizenship practices was insipid -- or even non-existent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the issue of development and dependency in the work of the Brazilian sociologist Fernando Henrique Cardoso as possible explanation / understanding or interpretation of Brazil. It departs from the critical Cardoso ECLA structuralism and Marxist approaches on addiction through the fundamentals of his theory of dependence, where the position of the present political pacts between elites / national and international actors shape the pattern of dependence and associated development. This discussion highlights the importance given by Cardoso' s Policy, which assumes the centrality of economic analysis in place, and as the author articulates, departing from Marxist dialectics. A critical analysis from a methodological orientation assumed by the author and given to political centrality to development thinking and Brazilian dependence will be analyzed as a fundamental explanatory / interpretative understanding, especially for Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the reconstitution of the social professions' itinerary in Portugal during the i and ii Republic, during the period that unfolds between its foundation (1910), the constitution of Estado Novo (1933-1945) and the succession of Salazar (1968), exploring, in particular, the visitadoras (visitors) as one of the central and paradigmatic characters of the constitution of social professions. The paper carries out an historiographical reconstitution based on secondary sources, exploring, especially, the influential figures and movements in the establishment of these emerging professions, the dynamics of rupture and continuity between its pivotal periods, international influences, as well as its gender dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper I discuss the assumptions and significance of some of the theses and techniques behind Portuguese colonial land policies in Africa between the mid-1920s and the 1940s, and discuss their role in the Portuguese colonial project. I particularly address the extent to which, both in national and international discussion fora on colonial topics, as well as in official discourse, through the voice of politicians in the metropole as well as colonial administrators and experts, arguments in favour of African access to individual property, for different purposes, gained ground. These arguments went against the dominant perspective in Portuguese colonial thought between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which dictated the limited access of Africans to the land for instance in the name of economic development of colonial territories, the fight against land speculation and the safeguarding of Portuguese sovereignty in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrimonial politics was one of the most frequently used means to establish alliances and guarantee international visibility throughout the early-modern period. This paper focuses on this subject and on the ability of a family group headed by Queen Maria Francisca of Savoy (1646-1683) to make its interests converge with the aims of the royal court of Lisbon, namely through an alliance between Portugal and Savoy. The fact that this project ended up failing explains the little attention paid by historians to this event. This article seeks to demonstrate that this case raises important questions about the role played by Portugal in 17th century international politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Christening name, the school's name: routes for a sociological outview. This paper is about upper classes' social distinction and is based on the results of a case study developed in a leading private school located in Lisbon. We identify the distinctive mark in two important signs: the name and the school attended by descendants. We analyze the distinctive proprieties of the students' names and investigate parents' motivations in choosing that specific school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses Habermas's criticism of and proposal for a reformulation of the social democracy, as well as his contraposition to neoliberalism. I argue that Habermas's criticism of social democracy tends to replace radical democracy with hegemony of political parties and their bureaucratic elite, and that this tendency ultimately harms the political democratization of power. I also defend that Habermas's criticism of neoliberalism points to a neoliberal refusal of a political and economic link to social normativity, which should frame the political and economic spheres based on the universalizable interests of the Welfare State. These two aspects of Habermas' political thought are summarized in this article in the idea of reflexive continuity of the Welfare State project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]