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Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) is well-established in many countries and provides the opportunity for an early diagnosis and treatment before the development of irreversible structural lung damage. In 1999, Catalonia, Castilla-León, and the Balearic Islands started the NBS programme for CF. In the last 10 years its implementation rapidly spread and all the autonomies offer the NBS programme for CF since 2015. There are many different strategies across Spain. It is believed that it is very opportune to have an updated and consensual guide for the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of patients diagnosed by neonatal screening.

Resumen: La oxigenoterapia es una herramienta fundamental para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria, tanto aguda como crónica. Los objetivos principales que llevan a su empleo son tratar o prevenir la hipoxemia, tratar la hipertensión pulmonar y reducir el trabajo respiratorio y miocárdico. En situaciones agudas, su utilidad está ampliamente aceptada y en situaciones crónicas se ha extendido de forma importante. Sin embargo, sigue sin haber consenso en puntos fundamentales y son pocos los aspectos en los que la actuación entre los diferentes centros esté estandarizada.El Grupo de Trabajo de Técnicas de la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica acordó elaborar unas recomendaciones avaladas por esta Sociedad sobre el empleo de este tratamiento, e incorporó las diferentes formas de actuación recogidas en revisiones recientes para intentar establecer sus indicaciones, disminuir los efectos colaterales y procurar una correcta adecuación del gasto económico. Se han incluido aspectos generales del tratamiento con oxígeno, como los mecanismos fisiológicos, las indicaciones para su empleo, tanto en situaciones agudas como crónicas, y los medios disponibles para su correcta administración. Se aborda asimismo el tratamiento del paciente con oxigenoterapia en domicilio y las situaciones especiales que pueden producirse. Abstract: Oxygen therapy has become a major tool for infants with acute and chronic respiratory failure. Appropriate goals when prescribing supplemental oxygen are reduction and prevention of hypoxemia, prevention and treatment of pulmonary hypertension and decrease in respiratory and cardiac overload. This is commonplace in the acute setting and is also becoming widespread in chronic pathologies. However, there is a lack of consensus on many fundamental issues, such as appropriate indications, desirable targets and outcome measures amongst centres, reflecting a variety of clinical practices.The Techniques Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pneumology undertook to design recommendations for a rational approach to oxygen therapy, reviewing the existing literature in order to establish its indications, benefits and potential risks as well as its cost-effectivenes. General aspects of oxygen treatment are reviewed including physiological mechanisms, indications, delivery systems and assessment methods. Management of patients on home oxygen therapy is also addressed with discussion of benefits and potential risks of supplemental oxygen use.