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OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate effects of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on left atrial appendage functions, spontaneous echo contrast and thrombus formation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. METHODS In 58 patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrilation and preserved left ventricular systolic function, left atrial appendage functions, left atrial spontaneous echo contrast grading and left ventricular diastolic functions were evaluated using transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiogram. Patients divided in two groups: Group D (n=30): Patients with diastolic dysfunction, Group N (n=28): Patients without diastolic dysfunction. Categorical variables in two groups were evaluated with Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The significance of the lineer correlation between the degree of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and clinical measurements was evaluated with Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS Peak pulmonary vein D velocity of the Group D was significantly higher than the Group N (p=0.006). However, left atrial appendage emptying velocity, left atrial appendage lateral wall velocity, peak pulmonary vein S, pulmonary vein S/D ratio were found to be significantly lower in Group D (p=0.028, p

Amac: ST yukselmesi olmayan akut koroner sendromlu (NSTE-AKS) hastalarda serum leptin duzeyi ile koroner kollateral gelişimi arasındaki potansiyel ilişkiyi incelemeyi hedefledik. Yontemler: Bu kesitsel ve gozlemsel calışmaya en az bir epikardiyal koroner arterinde ciddi darlık veya total okluzyon olan 119 NSTE-AKS hastası alındı. Tum hastalarda serum leptin duzeyleri olculdu. Kollateral gelişimi Rentrop klasifikasyonuna gore değerlendirildi. İlk olarak hastalar iyi ve kotu kollateral grup olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Rentrop 2 ve 3 hastalar iyi kollateral grup, Rentrop 0 ve 1 hastalar kotu kollateral grup olarak adlandırıldı. Daha sonra hastalar kollateral (+) grup ve kollateral (-) grup olarak sınıflandırıldı. Kollateral (+) grup Rentrop 1,2,3 hastalardan, kollateral (-) grup Rentrop 0 hastalardan oluştu. İstatistiksel analiz olarak Student t-testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, Ki-kare testi, Kruskal Wallis testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Serum leptin duzeyleri bakımından iyi ve kotu kollateral grup arasında istatistiki anlamlı bir fark bulmadık [sırasıyla, 4.2 (1,8-8,6) ng/mL and 6,4 (2,4-12,6) ng/mL, p=0,22]. Kollateral (+) ve kollateral (-) grup arasında da leptin duzeyleri arasında istatistiki fark yoktu [sırasıyla, 4,7 (1,7- 10,5) ng/mL and 6.8 (2,7-12,1) ng/mL, p=0,33]. Tum Rentrop dereceleri ayrı ayrı değerlendirildiğinde, yuksek Rentrop derecelerinde duşuk leptin duzeyleri saptadık [Rentrop 0; 6,8 (2,5-12,5) ng/mL, Rentrop 1; 5,9 (1,7-14,1) ng/mL, Rentrop 2; 4,3 (1,7-8,7) ng/mL, Rentrop 3; 3,9 (2,1-9,7) ng/mL]. Fakat bu fark da istatistiki anlamlılığa ulaşmadı (p=0,54). Bunların yanı sıra Rentrop dereceleri ile leptin duzeyleri arasında korelasyon olup olmadığı araştırıldı ve aralarında istatistiki anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmadı (p=0,246, r=-0,107)., Objective: We attempted to investigate the potential association between leptin and coronary collateral vessel development in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Methods: One hundred and nineteen consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS with high-grade coronary stenosis or occlusion in at least one epicardial coronary artery were prospectively enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study. Serum leptin levels measured in all patients. Collateral circulation was graded according to the Rentrop classification. Firstly, we divided patients into two groups as good and poor collateral group. Patients with Rentrop 2.3 were regarded as good collateral group. Patients in Rentrop grades 0, 1 classified as poor collateral group. Secondly, patients were divided into collateral (+) group and collateral (-) group. Collateral (+) group included the patients with grade 1, 2, 3 collateral development. Collateral (-) group was composed of the patients with Rentrop 0. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Kruskal -Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation. Results: We did not find statistically significant difference between good and poor collateral groups with regard to leptin levels [4.2 (1.8-8.6) ng/mL and 6.4 (2.4-12.6) ng/mL, p=0.22, respectively]. There was no statistically significant difference in leptin levels between collateral (+) group and collateral (-) groups [4.7 (1.7-10.5) ng/mL and 6.8 (2.7-12.1) ng/mL, p=0.33, respectively]. We observed that there was lower leptin level at higher Rentrop grades [Rentrop 0; 6.8 (2.5-12.5) ng/mL, Rentrop 1; 5.9 (1.7-14.1) ng/mL, Rentrop 2; 4.3 (1.7-8.7) ng/mL, Rentrop 3; 3.9 (2.1-9.7) ng/mL]. However, this difference did not reach statistically significant level (p=0.54). In addition, we did not find statistically significant correlation between Rentrop grades and leptin levels (p=0.246, r=-0.107). Conclusion: The present study reveals no association between serum leptin level and coronary collateral development.

OBJECTIVE: Elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level has been proposed as a risk factor for coronary artery disease and is associated with poor clinical outcome in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between GGT level and presence of coronary collateral vessels (CCV) patients with ACS. METHODS: We evaluated 178 patients with ACS in this cross-sectional-observational study. Traditional laboratory and clinical parameters and serum GGT levels were measured. All patients underwent coronary angiography on the first day after admission and patients who had >80% stenosis of coronary artery were included in the study. The CCVs graded according to the Rentrop scoring system and Rentrop 0, 1, 2 and 3 were determined in respectively 76 (42.7%), 32 (18.0%), 33 (18.5%), and 37 (20.8%) patients. Rentrop grade 0 was accepted as no CCV development (Group 1), Rentrop grades 1-2-3 were accepted as presence of CCV development (Group 2). Statistical analysis was performed using independent-samples t , Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests, logistic regression and receiver operator curve analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 62 ± 10 years and 134 (75.3%) of patients were male. Group 1 consisted of 76 (42.7%) patients and Group 2 consisted of 102 (57.3%) patients. The median and minimum-maximum values of serum GGT were 33.5 (8-128) U/L for Group 1 and 23 (2-83) U/L for Group 2. Absence of CCV was significantly associated with high levels of GGT (p