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This article deals with the issue of the evolution of literacy in African national languages. It is about the existence/non existence of local literacy systems in black Africa. Findings show that there exist ancient unknown or neglected hieroglyphics which have been hidden by foreign languages. The history of literacy in national languages is a process that cannot be separated from the cultural and sociopolitical context which is not only related to latin characters borrowed from the colonizer. Black South Sahara Africa has also known a literacy system in national language based on a borrowal of Arabic characters.