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Latar Belakang: Perempuan lebih banyak yang mengalami ketidaksetaraan gender walaupun perannya besar terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Perempuan memiliki akses yang lebih terbatas terhadap pendidikan dan pekerjaan, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap otonomi ekonomi dan rendahnya posisi tawar dalam rumah tangga. Ketidaksetaraan gender yang dialami perempuan berdampak pada kejadian rawan pangan rumah tangga. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kebiasaan makan rumah tangga dan anak balita serta ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di daerah dengan kesetaraan gender tinggi dan rendah di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan di dua lokasi dengan ketimpangan gender rendah dan tinggi di Indonesia. Sebanyak 303 rumah tangga dengan anak balita berpartisipasi dalam studi ini. Pengumpulan data meliputi karakteristik rumah tangga, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), serta kebiasaan makan rumah tangga dan anak. Uji beda Mann Whitney dilakukan untuk menguji perbedaan antar variabel di kedua daerah. Hasil: Proporsi kerawanan pangan di daerah kesetaraan gender rendah (tingkat sedang 45,6%, berat 23,8%), berbeda signifikan (p

Background: Traditional food is the most potent food to develop and is an essential component in intervention strategy for increasing toddler daily consumption. Traditional food contributes to micro-nutrition and protein, which are needed for toddler growth. Objectives: This research aimed to identify traditional food and toddlers' traditional food consumption in coastal families in three ethnicity in Bengkulu. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional design. Samples were mothers as food givers in the family, and the analysis unit was the toddler, in a total of 115, picked randomly from 137 households with 12-59 months old toddlers. Data was collected using quantitative and qualitative techniques, in-depth interviews, and food recall forms. Traditional food identification comes from FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire). Consumption of toddler fisherman family data that had been collected and compared with RDA 2019. Analyses were done by formulating the results from the in-depth interview and uni variate analysis. Results: Traditional food contribution to fisherman's toddler contained 19.34% energy, 40.86% protein, 17.65% fat, 17.65% carbohydrate, 16,3% PUFA fat acid, and 13.8% MUFA. Many different traditional foods often consumed by Melayu, Serawai, and Minang ethics in coastal families could be classified as fish, vegetables, and snacks. Conclusions: Traditional food contribution could fulfill nutritional needs of energy and macro-nutrients ranging from 17-41%. We must increase traditional food consumption in coastal families by varying processing so that each ethnicity's distinctive taste in traditional food can be maintained.

Background: Maternal nutritional knowledge must be strengthened to lower the problem of stunting. However, there is currently a lack of information regarding the nutritional knowledge of mothers of stunted and non-stunted children in West Java's rural and urban areas. Objectives: This study compares the nutritional knowledge of mothers of under-five children in West Java across four groups: those who are stunted in rural areas (SR), those who are stunted in urban areas (SU), and those who are not in rural (NR) and urban (NU). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Cianjur (rural) and Sukabumi City (urban) in June 2022. Data was collected through interview to 300 mothers of children underfive using pretested questionnaire. Nutritional knowledge comprised of 20 questions about infant and young child feeding and balanced nutrition. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post Hoc Tests were applied for data analyses using IBM SPSS 22.0. Results: Overall, both prevalence of stunting in rural and urban was 33.3% and 30.7%, respectively. Mothers in four groups had moderate nutritional knowledge, with total scores ranging from 70.9 to 75.2. Mothers of NU were found to have more nutritional awareness than NR and SR. In comparison to NR, mothers of NU babies are more likely to be aware that their 2- or 3-month-old infants cannot consume bananas or papayas. Compared to SR, more NU mothers are aware that vegetables do not contain protein. There are more mothers of NU know that sweetened condensed milk is not more nutrient rich compared to powder or liquid milk than NR and SR. Conclusions: Urban mothers have superior nutritional knowledge than rural mothers. Even, knowledge of rural mother with stunted child is the poorest. With the high prevalence of stunting, access to nutritional information should be enhanced, with a focus on the feeding practices of young children.

Background: Efforts to accelerate stunting reduction involve specific and sensitive nutrition interventions. School adolescent girls are the target group in reducing stunting through anemia prevention. Iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation program is the specific nutrition intervention to prevent anemia in adolescent girls. Objectives: This research aims to study the characteristics of students who received the IFA supplementation program. Methods: Research design was a cross sectional that involved 123 students from 12 public high schools in Cianjur District, West Java Province. Student’s characteristics consist of knowledge on anemia and their adherence on IFA supplementation program. Data collection is carried out by self-administering questionnaires monitored by enumerator. Data is performed by using mean ± SD and n (%). Results: Student’s knowledge on anemia mostly (61.8%) were categorized as low, as 30.9% were moderate, and only 7.3% were high. Students (44.7%) knew how to detect anemia is by measuring blood hemoglobin levels. As of 59.3% and 51.2% students knew the main causes of anemia are inadequate iron intake and blood loss during menstruation. Approximately 60-80% students recognized the common symptoms and sign of anemia. Most students (76.8%) have received IFA on a weekly basis and 41.2% students acknowledge their adherence in the IFA consumption with aim to prevent anemia (85.1%), the rest 23.4% and 14.9% due to the advice by the teachers and health officers. Students who have no adherence were due to their fear on the side effects, the tablet taste, forgetfulness, and feeling healthy. Conclusions: Iron folic acid supplementation program have been conducted and well targeted, however, student’s understanding on the objectives, benefit, and their adherence is needed to be gained.

Background: Anemia is a global nutritional problem with a prevalence of 36.8% of children in Indonesia were anemic. Food consumption, feeding pattern, and socio-economy factors can affect to the anemia status of children. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the correlation between feeding pattern with food consumption and the correlation between feeding pattern and food consumption with hemoglobin levels for children with anemia. Methods: Design of this study is cross sectional design and conducted in August-November 2020 with a total sample of 54 anemic children(Hb 0,05), sedangkan konsumsi pangan (tingkat kecukupan energi, lemak, dan karbohidrat, serta kebiasaan konsumsi hati ayam) berhubungan signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin balita anemia (p-value < 0,05). Informasi terkait dengan status gizi dan kesehatan perlu ditingkatkan khususnya tentang konsumsi pangan dan anemia serta pencegahannya sehingga dapat mengurangi prevalensi anemia pada balita.

Background: The problem of overnutrition has become an epidemic issue at the global level. As one of the effective ways to prevent and overcome obesity, nutrition education is growing by utilizing eHealth media as a message delivery channel. Objectives: To identify studies that integrate nutrition education with eHealth-based technology in the prevention and control of obesity, behavioral theory and BCT (Behaviour Change Technique), their effectiveness in improving the anthropometric status and behavioral outcomes in obese adults. Discussion: Article searches were conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and using manual search Google Scholar in reputable journals in the last ten years, and 17 English articles were obtained. Two forms of communication channels and activities were used to deliver nutrition education messages, namely interpersonal channels and internet-based mass media with or without assistance. Mobile applications were the most widely used as a messaging tool. The most frequently used theory was Social Cognitive Theory, and the majority of BCT were self-monitoring, goal setting, and feedback. The eHealth method (online) gave the same results on anthropometric status, physical activity, and treatment adherence compared to face-to-face (offline) by providing the same BCT-based obesity management intervention. Conclusions: Integrating nutrition education into eHealth media channels that emphasizes modification of eating behavior and physical activity has a significant effect on improving anthropometric status but was inconsistent on eating behavior and physical activity outcomes in adults with short-term intervention (≤3.5 months/ 14 weeks). This effect will give benefit the outcomes if followed by personal or group mentoring accompanied by well-design BCT.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding should be supported by early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), provision of colostrum and not providing pre-lacteal feeding. Objectives: The study objective was to analyze nutritional knowledge and factors related to breastfeeding and feeding practices of lactating mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March–November 2020 in Sibubut, Kedungdalem, and Bayalangu Kidul Villages, Cirebon Regency. Study respondents were 44 lactating mothers with under six months infants. Mothers’ nutritional knowledge of breastfeeding and breastfeeding/feeding practice were obtained using a validated questionnaire, while the food consumption data of mothers was obtained from two days of 24-hour food recall (weekday and weekend). Spearman’s correlation test and Chi-Square analysis were used to analyze the correlation between variables, while the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the difference in nutritional knowledge and breastfeeding/infant feeding practice variables based on education level. Results: Family characteristics (age, mother’s education and occupation, household income, parity, family size, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were not correlated with breastfeeding/infant feeding practice (p=0.427; 0.136; 0.481; 0.056; 0.699; 0.241; 0.547, respectively). There was no significant correlation between nutritional knowledge and breastfeeding/infant feeding practice of mothers (p=0.728). No significant difference was found in the nutritional knowledge of breastfeeding (p=0.828) and breastfeeding/feeding practice of infants (p=0.572) between mothers with education > elementary school and < elementary school. More mothers with low education provided pre-lacteal food than mothers with higher education (p =0.046). Conclusions: The breastfeeding/feeding practice of mothers are still poor regardless of education level. Nutrition education for breastfeeding mothers is required to encourage good breastfeeding/infant feeding practices.

Latar Belakang: Masa balita merupakan masa yang memerlukan asupan gizi optimal untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan serta mencegah terjadinya masalah gizi. Keragaman konsumsi adalah salah satu indikator yang digunakan untuk menilai kualitas konsumsi dan kebutuhan zat gizi. Kualitas konsumsi secara langsung dapat memengaruhi status gizi balita. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megidentifikasi keragaman konsumsi balita dan menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan keragaman konsumsi balita usia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Gunung Halu Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional studi dengan 97 balita usia 24-59 bulan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2019. Balita dipilih secara acak menggunakan teknik random sampling. Keragaman konsumsi didapatkan dari konsumsi makanan sehari sebelumnya dan dianalisis berdasarkan standar FAO yang terdiri dari 9 kelompok pangan tanpa jumlah konsumsi minimal. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan keragaman konsumsi dianalisis menggunakan model regresi logistik. Jika total skor keragaman konsumsi ≤4 diklasifikasikan sebagai tidak beragam dan >4 beragam. Hasil: Sebanyak 76.3% balita pada penelitian ini mengonsumsi makan yang tidak beragam dan didominasi oleh makanan tinggi energi. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keragaman konsumsi balita dengan kejadian stunting. Status pekerjaan ibu (OR:4,63;95%CI:1,1-18,9), jenis kelamin (OR:5,1;95%CI:1,7-15,7), dan pengetahuan gizi ibu (OR:3,4,95%CI1,1-10,3) berhubungan signifikan dengan keragaman konsumsi balita. Kesimpulan: Ibu yang bekerja, balita laki-laki, dan pengetahuan gizi ibu yang kurang secara signifikan menjadi faktor yang berhubungan dengan keragaman konsumsi balita yang rendah.

Background: Cirebon Regency is one of the priority areas that becomes the locus in efforts to accelerate the reduction of stunting in 2018. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between feeding parenting pattern with nutrient intake of under two-years infants and the relationship between nutritional behavior and clean and healthy lifestyle behavior (CHLB) with nutritional status of under two-years infants in Cirebon Regency. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design using secondary data from previous studies conducted at the same two locations in Cirebon Regency. The data processing was carried out in November to December 2019. The subjects involved were 70 mothers who had infants aged 0-24 months. Analysis of the relationship between variables using the Rank Spearman test. Results: The results of the correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship (p> 0.05) between feeding parenting pattern with nutritional intake. In addition, maternal nutritional behavior also did not have a significant relationship (p> 0.05) with nutritional status. This study found that there was a significant relationship between clean and healthy living behavior on the indicators of a smoke-free home environment with the nutritional status using HAZ index. Conclusion: Imbalance between knowledge and socio-economic factors of income can lead to inequality in the application of feeding parenting pattern, nutritional behavior, and CHLB to the nutritional status of under two years. Therefore, a continuous monitoring and evaluation system is needed to ensure that the stunting acceleration program runs effectively and efficiently. ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Kabupaten Cirebon merupakan salah satu daerah prioritas yang menjadi lokus dalam upaya percepatan penurunan stunting pada tahun 2018. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pola asuh makan dengan asupan zat gizi baduta serta hubungan antara perilaku gizi dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan status gizi baduta di Kabupaten Cirebon. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan pada dua lokasi yang sama di Kabupaten Cirebon. Proses pengolahan data dilakukan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2019. Subjek yang terlibat adalah 70 orang ibu baduta yang memiliki bayi berusia 0-24 bulan. Analisis hubungan antar variabel menggunakan uji Rank Spearman. Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p >0,05) antara pola asuh makan dengan asupan zat gizi. Selain itu, perilaku gizi ibu juga tidak memilki hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05) dengan status gizi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada indikator lingkungan rumah bebas asap rokok terhadap status gizi baduta. Kesimpulan: Ketidakseimbangan antara pengetahuan dengan faktor sosio-ekonomi penghasilan dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya ketimpangan dalam penerapan pola asuh makan, perilaku gizi, dan PHBS terhadap status gizi baduta. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem monitoring dan evaluasi secara kontinu untuk memastikan bahwa program percepatan stunting berjalan secara efektif dan efisien.

Background: Household food insecurity is a underlaying causes on undernutrition problems in children under five years. Household food security especially from food acces dimention is reflected from many indicators that are complex and easier to understand in a composite index. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a index of household food security and its relationship to nutrient intake level and nutritional status in children under five years. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages in West Bangka Regency in December 2018 until April 2019. The study involved 219 subjects consisting of mothers and children aged 12-59 months. Data were analyzed using Rank Spearman relationship test. Results: The validation results showed that the index score has a negatively correlation (p