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President Carl C. Taylor is planning for a section on Contributed Papers for the next annual meeting of the American Sociological Society to be held in Chicago from December 28 to 30. This Section is designed particularly for those younger members of the Society, including graduate students, who have not yet had an opportunity to appear on the program in other sections. Therefore, urging that all such papers be submitted not later than November 1, in order that the Committee may have adequate time to consider them carefully and make a selection to be presented at the meeting. If there are sufficient papers of merit there will be two sections of probably three papers each. Papers should be sent directly to the Chairman of the Committee, Katharine Jocher, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,North Carolina.

The Committee on Contributed Papers of American Sociological Society had major tasks to prepare a program for three regular sessions at each of which papers would be read their authors; and to prepare a program for two special sessions at which discussion of papers, based on mimeographed abstracts, would be facilitated. Nearly 100 papers or proposed papers were submitted to the committee, from which fifteen were selected to appear on the three regular sessions. The major criterion of selection was quality, but the committee frankly preferred papers dealing with recent empirical research by younger, lesser-known members of the Society. The fifteen papers were arranged into three patterns. Studies in social organization and change; studies in interpersonal and intergroup relations; and studies in methodology.

The article presents the author's views on a criticism of his research on Ideational and Sensate cultures by sociologist Hornell Hart. Since by its very nature ideational culture is all inner and charismatically collective and anonymous, it naturally does not yield as great a number of individual philosophers, thinkers, artists, or as great a number of scientific discoveries and inventions, or as high a standard of sensate living, as sensate culture, mainly external, does. And yet, so far as an absorption in God and in inner values is of great value, so far is Ideational culture one of the most magnificent forms of culture, and possibly uncomfortable as a settled dwelling for most of the sociologists. In addition, besides a great art and literature, the Mediaeval Ideational culture created Christianity, the backbone, the heart and soul, of Western culture, the very condition of the possibility of later Sensate culture itself. The weight of this single creation of Ideational culture is likely to be greater than that of almost all the philosophers, artists, scientific discoveries, and Sensate planes of living given by the critic.

The article presents the author's comment on sociologist Peter M. Blau's recent article "A Formal Theory of Differentiation in Organizations," published in the April 1970 issue of the journal "American Sociological Review." According to the author, in his article Blau reviews a number of interesting empirical findings, but whether or not they justify theoretical generalizations at a high level of abstraction is a moot question. Moreover, no one can take exception to efforts to construct generalizations which in turn suggest hypotheses for research. Confirmation of such hypotheses obviously lends credence to the earlier generalizations while disconfirmation or a null finding renders them questionable. In this article the author, shows that under certain conditions and given only one of the empirical findings, almost all of the other findings necessarily follow. He does this, first, by constructing a hypothetical model of organizational structure and doing algebraic manipulations on its properties, and, second, by pointing out some difficulties that arise when one controls for organizational size.

The relationship between the quantity and quality of scientific output of 120 university physicists was studied. Although these two variables are highly correlated, some physicists produce many papers of little significance and others produce a Jew papers of great significance. The responses of the community of physicists to these distinct patterns of research publication were investigated. Quality of output is more significant than quantity in eliciting recognition through the receipt of awards, appointment to prestigious academic departments, and being widely known to one's colleagues. The reward system operates to encourage creative scientists to be highly productive, to divert the energies of less creative physicists into other channels, and to produce a higher correlation between quantity and quality of output in the top departments than in the weaker departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1946 Committee on Contributed Papers of the American Sociological Society, has several suggestions to offer: If sufficient interest is shown in the Section of the contributed papers published in a section of the periodical "American Sociological Review," the section should be continued, since it gives opportunity for younger men and women to appear on the program and become known to the Society. More- over, it stimulates the interest of the younger sociologists in the meetings. This year 20 papers were submitted; last year there were only 8. An opportunity to appear on the program of the Society, together with the possibility of publication in the periodical apparently is desired, as evidenced not only by the number of papers submitted but by the fact that both years every participant, upon the acceptance of his manuscript, has immediately signified his intention of being present to read his paper. It would be well for the Committee to be appointed early enough for it to get well underway in the spring. During the last two years, the Committee has been handicapped by not getting underway until the summer or fall.

The article presents information on announcement regarding section on contributed papers for the next annual meeting to be held on December 1, 1945 and December 2, 1945. One session will be devoted to papers contributed by graduate students and others who wish to present research finds but who might not otherwise find a place on the program. the maximum time allowed for each paper will be twelve minutes. Should it again to impossible to hold the annual meetings, an effort will be made to arrange for the publication of those papers selected by the committee.

This article presents the author's comments on the article "Social Mobility and Fertility," by Keith Hope. Hope's claim for an overall lower mobility effect and upward and downward mobility effects is to be questioned. Instead different combinations of strata produce different effects which cannot be attributed to chance fluctuations of the means as Hope intimates. Had Hope begun by carefully examining the impact of movement in and out of the specific pairs of classes and had he looked carefully at the relative effects of different kinds of mobility: income, occupational, educational, and geographic, we would be in a better position to specify mechanisms which link mobility to fertility. Unfortunately, with its modest sample size, the study by J. Berent is inadequate for such a program. While a considerable effort has been put into empirical and theoretical development, the mobility-fertility question requires far more cases than previous studies have employed, and a thorough re-thinking of the contextual aspects of individual mobility and its consequences.

The article reports some trends in the relative emphasis devoted to different specialties within the field of sociology in the U.S. since World War II. According to the author, sociology has grown since World War II in the number of courses taught, the number of people who make their living as sociologist and the amount of research done. The field has expanded so rapidly that virtually all special areas of interest within the field have shared in the general growth. As proportions of the total, however, some areas of specialization have gained at the expense of others. In the article sources of information used to asses trends in sociology include fields of interest listed by members for American Sociological Association directory, papers read at annual meetings of the Association, papers published in the journal "American Sociological Review" and course listings in college catalogs. The author states that in analyzing and interpreting the data, he had to make certain assumptions, which may be debatable. The author makes no ambitious claims for the absolute validity of interpretations.

During the period June 1955 to May 1956, 779 pages of editorial matter were published. Of this total 460 pages were of articles, 207 pages were book reviews and book notes, 61 pages were official reports and news, and the remainder 51 pages were miscellaneous. In the indicated period 288 papers were received and 72 published. As was the case for the two years preceding, about one article was published for every four received. The average time between the receipt of an article and final action upon it was approximately seven weeks. Once again the constructively critical work led to the successful revision of a number of papers that might otherwise have proved unavailable for publication. The average interval between the acceptance of a paper and its publication was approximately five months, with a range of three to nine months. As mentioned above, official reports and news used 61 pages, or 8 per cent of the total editorial matter. The Editor renews his recommendation to the Society that these functions be discharged by the establishing of a new journal devoted to items of professional in distinction to scientific importance.

The article presents new plans for papers for the 1949 meetings of the American Sociological Society. It states that by action of the Executive Committee, approved by the Society, a "Committee on Papers for the 1949 Meeting" has been appointed. The chairman of the committee is Paul W. Tappan and its other members are Robert Fans, William L. Kolb and Arnold Rose. Members of the society are requested to submit to this Committee a prospectus or full paper, which they would like to present at the 1949 sessions. This Committee is empowered to receive and examine these papers and submit those approved to the Program Committee and the respective section chairman. From these papers, the Program Committee and section chairmen will make up their programs so far as this is feasible. However, the Program Committee and Section Chairmen are free to request any additional papers they may feel necessary to fill out their plans for the program of the 1949 annual meeting. The Program Committee will attempt to have its plans sufficiently advanced to publish a notice about the general character of the program in the April issue of the journal "American Sociological Review."

The article focuses on the annual report of the managing editor of the periodical "American Sociological Review." This is a decrease of 81 from the number a year ago. In addition to these volumes the Society owns two sets of the Papers and Proceedings which are held in the office of the Managing Editor as a permanent file. The 1943 sale of Proceedings amounted to approximately $90.00. A large order for these volumes is still being filled for a South African book shop. Income from individual sales of the Review thus far the year, 1944, was $176.87. Two thousand copies of each number of Volume VIII were printed. The average distribution for the year is as follows: Members, 1,082, subscribers, 67; libraries, 504; exchanges, 43; complimentary (includes copies to advertisers), 43; total distribution, 1,739. Copies of the Review are sent to all persons on the membership list of the preceding year in February, but subsequent issues are sent only to persons whose dues for the current year are paid.

President of the American Sociological Society Louis Wirth is planning for a Section on Contributed Papers for the next annual meeting that is to be held in New York from December 28 to 30, December, 1947. Although this Section is particularly de- signed for those younger members of the Society, including graduate students, who have not yet had an opportunity to appear on the pro- gram in other sections, contributions from other members of the Society will be welcome. Since this Committee is working closely with the Committee on Research, it is being urged that members who have completed research papers suitable for oral presentation and which do not fall within the scope of other Sections be offered for consideration in the Section on Contributed Papers.

This article presents a report of the Program Committee. This is the report of the experiences of the Program Committee for the 1953 meeting. A number of innovations were attempted this year and therefore the experience of this committee may be more than ordinarily useful for the guidance of future committees. President Stouffer directed that the program was to be made up largely of short papers, limited to 1200 words of verbal presentation, and emphasizing reports of research or research- relevant material. The papers were to be solicited from the entire membership. In effect this directive made the whole program a program of contributed papers, and it was hoped that this would result in a much broader participation by the membership than had been the case in the past. More important than any of the foregoing was the fact that despite the efforts of the Executive Office to inform the membership about the new procedures, many individuals assumed that in due course they would be invited to give papers as they had in previous years. Indeed, some who submitted proposals or responded to Census invitations indicated that they would prefer a "regular" paper. This clearly revealed what many of us in the Society have long suspected, that the presentation of a contributed paper has an invidious connotation and may be risked only by the young, the little known, or the careless.

The article presents information on the papers presented at a round table at the 1949 Annual Conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund held in November 16 to 17, 1949. The publication titled "Modernization Programs in Relation to Human Resources and Population Problems" are grouped under three categories. The first category discusses aims and methods of selected programs of modernization such as Liberian Foundation, Point Four and UN Technical Assistance. The second and third category highlights the problems in the development and utilization of human resources and Japan as a case study in modernization, respectively.

This article presents information on the report of the Committee on Public Relations of the American Sociological Society as of February 1, 1942. The work of the Committee on Public Relations has continued during the past year, along the two lines it followed in 1940. This has consisted of interpreting each number of the periodical "American Sociological Review" as it appeared to appropriate representatives of the newspaper and magazine press, and of facilitating the press coverage of the Society's annual meetings. The Committee has continued to follow a broadly representative policy in handling of materials from the periodical "American Sociological Review" and the papers for meetings. To serve adequately the Society and its speakers, the Committee needs to be in a position to advise reporters that a given paper is too technical for popular interpretation; or to furnish reporters with several suitable paragraphs from the paper; or to supply reporters with a rather complete press review of the paper. The Committee does not want reporters to feel obliged to cover meetings themselves.

In this article, the author has commented on juvenile delinquency. The purpose of this note is to call attention to a serious oversight in this study, an oversight which has undoubtedly arisen because equal sized groups of delinquents and non-delinquents were studied and comparisons made between percentages of these groups. Non-delinquents are considerably more frequent in the general population than are delinquents. These actual frequencies must be taken into account in evaluating the predictive efficiency of the scoring plan reported. The preparation of prognostic tables for indicating the probability of a child's becoming delinquent, although highly desirable, lies much farther in the future.

The Committee on Contributed Papers, consisting of board members Harrington C. Brearley, Otis Dudley Duncan, and Edmund H. Volkart, in collaboration with the Program Committee, is planning to make wide use of contributed papers at the next annual meeting of the society to be held in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In addition to the allocation of contributed papers to appropriate sessions, and to scheduling the papers on current research, the committee is considering the feasibility of distributing, at the time of registration, mimeographed abstracts of highly specialized research. Interested persons and groups can then hold informal discussions with the authors of papers at various scheduled times throughout the three-day period. Adequate facilities are available for such specialized discussions. The committee will review all papers sent to the chairman prior to April 1, 1952, and will select those best suited to the general sessions or to the specialized ones. Precedence will be given to reports of recent empirical research, and contributions of this nature prepared by student members and recent doctorates are welcome. Members who wish to submit papers are urged to complete them as soon as possible and to communicate with Edmund H. Volkart, Center for Field Studies, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts.

Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Is the Intelligence of the General Population Declining?," by O.D. Duncan.

The study presented in this paper takes its point of departure from the working hypothesis that institutional and cultural change can be empirically observed through the growth of a number of selected variables. In his writings, social scientists, F. Stuart Chapin has demonstrated the possibility of studying the successive values of certain strategic institutional variables over a period of time and establishing the law of change by the well-known statistical method of fitting a logistic curve to the time series. Chapin has linked this time series analysis to one type of broad generalization on the cultural and social change in the social group which he calls the cycle of the social process or the societal reaction pattern. An attempt will be made in this paper to summarize some of the findings made in an empirical investigation of a number of quantitative variables related to the organizational growth of ten voluntary associations. Theoretical considerations suggest that these variables are important in understanding the processes of organizational growth and formalization which constitute the topic of this paper.

The second world congress of Sociology will be organized by the International Sociological Association (ISA) under the auspices of UNESCO in the city of Liége, Belgium, from August 24-September 1,1953. Sociologists of all countries of the world, professional, research workers and students, are invited to take part in this Congress and are asked to enter into contact with the ISA Secretariat for registration and detailed information. Contributed research papers are invited for the 1953 meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, tentatively scheduled for April 18-19 or 25-26, 1953. Papers should report empirical findings of completed research or specific methodological developments. Because of program limitations, general theoretical analyses not based on specific research cannot be accepted. professor Benjamin Keeley has joined the Department of Social Science of Illinois State Normal University and is teaching The Family and Introduction to Sociology, as well as assisting with freshman orientation courses in the social sciences.

Nearly twenty years ago, the author wrote a paper for presentation at a section of the annual meeting of American Sociological Society in which he sought to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of analyzing marital problems in terms of dynamic situational fields composed of interacting roles. Of little moment in the general progress of social psychology, the paper is nevertheless pregnant with meaning for the author. In the first place, it represented the results of his own efforts to integrate such of their ideas as he had assimilated from sociologists G. H. Mead, John Dewey, Sigmund Freud, Kurt Koffka, R. E. Parks, E. W. Burgess, H. D. Lasswell, and many others whose thinking and orientation are symbolized by these names, into a theoretical frame work which the author could apply to the very concrete and real problems of analysis and understanding of human behavior in the groups he was studying at that time. In the second place, the paper symbolized in his own experience the shift which characterized much of social psychology in the thirties from an orientation that led to phrasing explanations in terms of intrinsic attributes to one which can be called interactional.

Although sociologists have long concerned themselves in one way or an- other with conformity, neither they nor psychologists have made systematic paper and pencil studies of conforming behavior. The chief weakness of the paper in any study of behavior is that the symbolized responses of a subject in a test situation may not truly indicate his response in a situation calling for non-symbolized action. This weakness does not render paper and pencil studies worthless, however. In order to determine the cross-sectional consistency of individual conformity, each subject's number of conformity answers out of the twenty-five situations was totaled. Each male individual's score was then placed in his appropriate category for age, community, and occupation, and the arithmetic mean and median computed for each grouping. In the absence of any technique in the present study to parcel out these possible factors, it is assumed for the present that part of the variation in the amount of cross- sectional consistency of conformity responses displayed by individuals of various groupings is due to the effect of prevailing ideologies and conduct norms on individual behavior.

This paper reports on a study of the scientific output of British University chemists. The relationships between three different aspects of scientists' work (quantity, quality and industrial orientation) were examined, and whilst quantity and quality were highly correlated, industrial orientation appeared to represent a different dimension of research performance. Quality of output was the best Predictor of the recognition received by a chemist from the scientific community (in terms of medals, appointment to advisory committees, etc), his industrial involvement much the least good. It appears that a minority of British university chemists are oriented towards the industrial, rather than the basic research community in terms of their contributions and of their rewards. The influence of institutional affiliation upon recognition, for a given level of output, was examined. As in studies of American scientists, but in contrast to earlier work on British ones, institutional affiliation did appear to influence the recognition received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains an analysis of several aspects of the communication process in science. Using data obtained from printed sources and questionnaires mailed to university physicists, the conditions making for high visibility of a scientist's work are studied. Four strong determinants of visibility were found: the quality of work, as measured by citations; the honorific awards received for work in physics; the prestige of the physics department to which the scientist belongs; and specialty. Quantity of output, age, and name-ordering patterns on collaborative papers have no independent effect on visibility. Just as some physicists may be easily seen (i.e., have high visibility), others are in positions where they may easily see. This latter characteristic is called "awareness." The data indicate that awareness is high in all sectors of the population studied. Variables such as age, rank of department, and quality of work made for only minor differences in awareness. We conclude that the communication system in physics operates efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nobel laureates in science publish more and are more apt to collaborate than a matched sample of scientists. Interviews with 41 of 55 laureates and comparison of their research output with the output of the matched sample indicate that these patterns hold at every stage of the life-work-cycle. As laureates report and as their publications corroborate, they exercise noblesse oblige in arranging co-authorship in collaborative publications. Receipt of the Nobel prize is followed by declining productivity and changed work practices, as a result of changed role obligations and activities. Reductions in productivity are more severe for laureates who experience comparatively large increments in prestige through the prize than for those who were already eminent. The prize generates strain in collaborative associations so that most of these terminate soon after the award. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the Report of the Editor of the journal "American Sociological Review." The growth of the Review has taken place during a period when several other journals to which many sociologists contribute have become established, apparently the Review is holding its own. The relatively large number of books reviewed during 1960, the only "deviant" figure in the table, may suggest the desirability of greater selectivity than that of the present editors, who have viewed numerous marginal works as appropriate grist for the sociologist's mill. During this period, approximately 1,050 papers will have been evaluated, and except in a very few cases each manuscript has been read by at least two referees. There have been no important editorial innovations since last year's report, but certain developments may be noted. More papers by foreign authors have been received, articles by sociologists in England, Poland, and Israel already have been published, and scholars from many nations have been encouraged to submit such papers.

The most comprehensive review of modern Polish sociology written in English is probably Eileen Markley Znaniecki's paper, published in Twentieth Century Sociology. The present note adds to the meager knowledge of Polish sociology by summarizing and discussing briefly the 1957 and 1958 volumes of the Polish Sociological Review. On the whole, the 1957 volume is historical and discursive rather than sociological. The discussion articles mostly interpret ideas of other authors, quoting them frequently. Three of the ten articles are concerned with problems of education. The 1958 volume, containing nine papers plus reviews and news, is predominantly sociological, although several articles may be regarded as more historical than sociological. These papers give little information about the methodology used, and in none is there any indication that statistical analysis was employed. Finally, this paper also describes the careers of students who attended special preparatory courses and later pursued technical college curricula.

Social thinker, John Clausen's comments on the paper "The Adjustment of Veterans to Civilian Life" are much appreciated because it gives the author an opportunity to clarify certain points which were apparently not made clear to him and perhaps others in the original paper. There is no indication that Clausen takes issues with the major hypotheses of this study or that be thinks the data (although they are admittedly inadequate) do not support these hypotheses. It rather seems to the writer that Clausen is dissatisfied because the data did not solve certain problems with which the writer had no intention to deal. The writer's contact with discharged servicemen suggested the hypotheses that not all veterans were faced with major difficulties of readjustment as many pseudo-scientific reports seemed to indicate, and that the nature and extent of the problems encountered by veterans would be determined by various social and psychological factors. The hypotheses were stated at the outset of the paper.

The article presents authors' reply to sociologist Mrs. Mary R. Jackman about the effect of social mobility in Italy. The authors say that her paper contains a number of errors. Arguing against what she terms the "cognitive dissonance theory of mobility effects," which allegedly informed authors 1970 work, she claims to find support for the "acculturation theory of mobility non-effects." While acculturation indubitably goes on when people move from one social class to another, not everyone acculturates at the same pace or to an equal degree. Mrs Jackman does not address this core of authors' work; instead she speaks to an almost incidental aspect of it. The authors' measure of mobility and hers are not comparable: where authors use a class dichotomy, she uses a trichotomy. The authors applied a four-class scheme at a crucial point in papers. They deliberately measured mobility across the manual-nonmanual axis. Mrs. Jackman speaks of authors' theory as a "cognitive dissonance theory of mobility effects," despite the fact that in no case they mention this theory.

The Consultant Committee was appointed by the Council to expedite program planning. Five sections of contributed papers were organized by the committee. The names of these sections are not presented here, because of the Council's policy of not singling out any section or paper as being contributed. The Committee believes it has served a useful function in the organization of the current program. A Consultation Committee might well be appointed another year, if the Council plans a program organized along the lines of this year's meeting.

The article presents several official reports and proceedings of various societies of the U.S., published in the December 1940 issue of the journal "American Sociological Review." The report of the "American Sociological Society," provides a very good answer to the question of what is possible in the way of making a living by taking sociology. The census of membership has revealed that sociologists who are members of the Society are employed in nearly 250 different types of occupations. Alfred McClung Lee, chairman of "Committee on Public Relations," is anxious that all papers to be given at the annual meetings should be in his hands. The Committee needs these papers early in order to aid newsmen in the proper selection and presentation of material and thus lessen the danger that the society and persons on the program may be presented to the public in a bad light because of hasty, ill-considered or out-of-context reporting. The press is only too happy to cooperate in this matter, but it cannot be done to the best advantage unless the Committee can get copies of the papers early. Every paper read at annual meetings becomes the property of the society, chairmen of divisions and sections should so inform the participants on their programs and collect and turn over to the secretary or editor all papers presented.

By vote of the executive committee of the American Sociological Society, the 1951 Annual Meeting will be held in Chicago on September 5, 6, and 7, 1951. This will overlap, on September 5, with the meeting in the same city of the American Psychological Association. The hotel which will serve as headquarters for the annual meeting has not yet been selected. Those who are interested in presenting papers at the 1951 meeting of the American Sociological Society are invited to make known their interest by following the procedure outlined below. The Committee on Contributed Papers will handle submitted papers in one of two ways. If a paper appears to fall in an area covered by one of the sections of the meeting, it will be forwarded to the chairman of that section for his consideration otherwise it will be considered for inclusion in one of the three sessions of this committee. In general, the Committee on Contributed Papers is interested in research reports which can be read in fifteen minutes.