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The article discusses how the paradigm of cooperation, rather than competition, emerging in the field of ecology in the mid-20th century gave urban intellectuals in New York City a new way to frame the city's social issues. In particular, the publication of the work of nature writer Rachel Carson in "The New Yorker" magazine is seen as encouraging the rise of urban and community ecology, which in turn fueled the work of urban activists like Jane Jacobs, whose 1961 book "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" opposed the destruction of neighborhoods through urban renewal.