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Background: Although there have been several reports in the literature describing a renewed interest in performing thyroid surgery under local anesthesia (LA), there has been little information regarding parathyroid surgery under local anesthesia., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our experience of 49 LA parathyroid patients over a 9-year period at a single institution. A bilateral cervical block (C2-C3) was administered by a single surgeon using lidocaine and bupivacaine., Results: The study included 39 females and 10 males with an average age of 62 years (range, 35-89 years). Every surgery was curative and the final pathology revealed 46 parathyroid adenomas and 3 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia. Forty-seven percent of the patients were discharged within 6 hours of operation and the remaining patients had a 1.4-day average length of hospital stay. A group of age- and sex-matched controls who underwent parathyroid surgery using general anesthesia (GA) served as a control group with 27% of operations performed as outpatients and an average length of stay of 1.6 days. Return to work averaged 6 days for the LA group versus 8 days for the GA. In the LA group, there was one instance of postoperative hemorrhage requiring reoperation and one instance of conversion to GA secondary to an inability to tolerate LA. There were no instances of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or permanent hypoparathyroidism in either group., Conclusions: These data suggest that experienced surgeons can perform parathyroid surgery safely and effectively using LA as an alternative to GA.

Three hundred patients with thyroid nodules were evaluated with fine needle biopsy and cytologic evaluation. Nineteen of 23 cancers were diagnosed by fine needle biopsy alone, for a yield of 83 percent. Four of 300 diagnoses (1 percent) were false-positive, and the evidence of neoplasm at operation was 68 percent. We believe that fine needle biopsy will greatly decrease the number of unnecessary thyroid resections.