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The healthcare sector, particularly operating rooms (ORs), generates significant waste, contributing to global environmental pollution. This scoping review aimed to assess global recycling practices in ORs across various surgical specialties, identifying key barriers and strategies for improvement. A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Embase and PRISMA reporting guidelines yielded 35 studies for inclusion. The findings indicate that up to 74 ​% of OR waste, particularly preoperative waste, is recyclable. However, implementation of recycling programs is hindered by regulatory constraints, lack of education, leadership challenges, and logistical difficulties. Successful initiatives involve targeted recycling efforts, such as focusing on specific materials like blue wrap and polyethylene terephthalate plastics, supported by leadership engagement and standardized guidelines. The review highlights the necessity of a multifaceted approach, including regulatory reform, education, and strategic partnerships with manufacturers, to overcome these barriers. Incorporating robust recycling practices in ORs offers an opportunity for healthcare systems to align waste management with broader environmental sustainability goals, ultimately reducing environmental impact while enhancing resource efficiency., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests All authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias their work., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)